Sulfur "concrete" for lunar applications - Sublimation concerns

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 103-112

  Grugel, Richard N ^a   Toutanji, Houssam ^b  

^a NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b University of Alabama in Huntsville   (United States)

Author keywords

JSC 1 lunar simulant; Lunar environment; Sublimation; Sulfur concrete

Indexed keywords

BRICK; CONCRETES; LUNAR MISSIONS; SUBLIMATION; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

LUNAR APPLICATIONS; LUNAR ORE; LUNAR REGOLITH; MINERAL TROILITE;

SPACE RESEARCH;

EID: 36448985235     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.018     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. ACI. Guide for Mixing and Placing Sulfur Concrete in Construction (1993), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI
2. Casanova, I. Feasibility and applications of sulfur concrete for lunar base development: a preliminary study. 28th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, Houston, TX, p. 209, 1997.
3. Crick S.M., and Whitmore D.W. Using sulfur concrete on a commercial scale. Concrete Int. 20 2 (1998) 83
4. Czarnecji B., and Gillott J.E. Effect of different admixtures on the durability of sulfur concrete made with different aggregates. Eng. Geol. 28 1-2 (1990) 105-118
5. Gracia, V., Casanova, I. Sulfur Concrete: A Viable Alternative for Lunar Construction. in: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Space. Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 585-591, April 26-30, 1998.
6. Grugel, R.N., Toutanji, H. Viability of Sulfur "Concrete" on the Moon: Environmental Considerations. AIAA proceedings paper # 2006-520, 2006.
7. Head W.J. Fly ash sulfur concrete. Transport. Eng. J. 107 3 (1981) 345-363
8. Hertz H. Uber die Verdunstung der Flussigkeiten, insbesondere des Quecksilbers, im luftleeren Raume. Ann. Physik 17 (1882) 177
9. Holden R.B., Speiser R., and Johnston H.L. The vapor pressures of inorganic substances. I. Beryllium. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 70 (1948) 3897-3899
10. Honig R.E., and Kramer D.A. Vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid elements. RCA Rev. 30 (1969) 285-305
11. Howlett D.L., Lester J.E., and Somorjai G.A. Vacuum vaporization studies of lithium fluoride single crystals. J. Phys. Chem. 75 (1971) 4049-4053
12. Inaba, H., Tachibana, S., Nagahara, H., Ozawa, K. Condensation kinetics of Forsterite. in: Proceedings, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXII, paper 1837, 2001.
13. Johnston H.L., and Marshall A.L. Vapor pressures of nickel and of nickel oxide. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62 (1940) 1382-1390
14. Khalooand, A.R., Ghafouri, H.R. Parameters Influencing the Behavior of Sulfur Concrete. in: Proceedings of the International Concrete Conference 92, Tehran, pp. 270-288, November 1992.
15. Knudsen M. Die Molekularstromung der Gase durch Offnungen und die Effusion. Ann. Physik 4th series 28 (1909) 999
16. Langmuir I. Chemical reactions at very low pressures. II. The chemical clean-up of nitrogen in a tungsten lamp. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 931
17. Langmuir I. The vapor pressure of metallic tungsten. Phys. Rev. II 5 (1913) 329-342
18. Leonard R.S., and Johnson S.W. Sulfur-Based Construction Materials for Lunar Construction. In: Johnson S.W., and Wetzel J.P. (Eds). Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space. Proceedings of Space vol. 88 (1988), ASCE, Reston, Virginia 1295-1307
19. Lin S.-L., Lai J.S., and Chain E.S.K. Modifications of sulfur polymer cement (SPC) stabilization and solidification (S/S) process. Waste Manage. 15 5/6 (1995) 441-447
20. Loov R.E., Vroom A.H., and Ward M.A. Sulfur concrete - a new construction material. PCI J. (1974) 86-95
21. Malhotra V.M. Development of sulfur-infiltrated high-strength concrete. ACI J. Proc. 72 9 (1975) 466-473
22. Marshall A.L., Dornte R.W., and Norton F.J. The vapor pressure of copper and iron. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 59 7 (1937) 1161-1166
23. McEachern D.M., and Sandoval O.A. Molecular flow evaporating apparatus for measuring vapour pressures and heats of sublimation of organic compounds. J. Phys. E: Scientific Instruments 6 (1973) 155-161
24. McKay D.S., Carter J.L., Boles W.W., Allen C.C., and Allton J.H. JSC-1: A New Lunar Soil Simulant. Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space IV (1994), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia pp. 857-866
25. Nevin P.J. Assessing sulfur concrete applications. Concrete Int. 20 2 (1998) 87
26. Okumura H.A. Early sulfur concrete installations. Concrete Int. 20 1 (1998) 72
27. Roqueta, J., Casanova, I. Manufacture and properties of sulfur mortar for lunar applications. in: Johnson, S.W., Chua, K.M., Galloway, R., Richter, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations and Business in Space. Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 851-855, 2000.
28. Rosenblatt G.M., and Lee P.-H. Rate of vaporization of arsenic single crystals and the vaporization coefficient of arsenic. J. Chem. Phys. 49 (1969) 2995-3006
29. Rosenblatt G.M., and Lee P.-H. Vaporization kinetics and thermodynamics of antimony and the vaporization coefficient of antimony single crystals. J. Chem. Phys. 52 (1970) 1454-1464
30. Toutanji, H., Glenn-Loper, B., Schrayshuen, B. Strength and Durability Performance of Waterless Lunar Concrete. AIAA Proceedings paper #2005-1436.
31. Vaniman D., Pettit D., and Heiken G. Uses of Lunar Sulfur. In: Mendell W. (Ed). Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century (1992), Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 429-435
32. Vroom A.H. Sulfur concrete goes global. Concrete Int. 20 1 (1998) 68
33. Vroom A.H. Sulfur concrete for precast products. Concrete Int. 20 2 (1998) 90
34. Wang L.L., Wallace Sr. T.C., Hampel F.G., and Steele J.H. Vacuum evaporation of KCl-NaCl salts. Part II: Vaporization-rate model and experimental results. Met. Mat. Trans. B 27B (1996) 657
35. In: Weast R.C. (Ed). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 57th ed. (1976-1977), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL