Elk browsing increases aboveground growth of water-stressed willows by modifying plant architecture

Oecologia

Volumn 154, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 467-478

  Johnston, Danielle B ^a,b   Cooper, David J ^b   Hobbs, N Thompson ^b  

^a Colorado Division of Wildlife ^*  (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

Compensation; Herbivory; Leaf specific conductivity; Plant hydraulic architecture; Salix sp.

Indexed keywords

ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION; BROWSING; DECIDUOUS TREE; DEER; GROWTH RESPONSE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER STRESS; WOODY PLANT;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEER; DEHYDRATION; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT; PLANT LEAF; TIME; WILLOW;

ANIMALS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEER; DEHYDRATION; ECOSYSTEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT LEAVES; PLANT SHOOTS; SALIX; TIME FACTORS;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK;

CANIS FAMILIARIS; CANIS LUPUS; CASTOR CANADENSIS; CERVUS ELAPHUS; SALIX; SALIX SP.;

EID: 36448966446     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0854-4     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alder NN, Pockman WT, Sperry JS, Nuismer S (1997) Use of centrifugal force in the study of xylem cavitation. J Exp Bot 48:665-674
2. Alstad KP, Welker JM, Williams SA, Trlica MJ (1999) Carbon and water relations of Salix monticola in response to winter browsing and changes in surface water hydrology: an isotopic study using delta C-13 and delta O-18. Oecologia 120:375-385
3. Baker BW, Ducharme HC, Mitchell DCS, Stanley TR, Peinetti HR (2005) Interaction of beaver and elk herbivory reduces standing crop of willow. Ecol Appl 15:110-118
4. Bilyeu DM, Cooper DJ, Hobbs NT (2007a) Assessing impacts of large herbivores on shrubs: tests of scaling factors for utilization rates from shoot-level measurements. J Appl Ecol 44:168-175
5. Bilyeu DM, Cooper DJ, Hobbs NT (2007b) Water tables constrain height recovery of willow on Yellowstone's Northern Range. Ecol Appl (in press)
6. Binkley D, Moore MM, Romme WH, Brown PM (2006) Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab deer herd? Ecosystems 9:227-241
7. Brodribb TJ, Feild TS (2000) Stem hydraulic supply is linked to leaf photosynthetic capacity: evidence from New Caledonian and Tasmanian rainforests. Plant Cell Environ 23:1381-1388
8. Brunsfeld SJ, Johnson FD (1985) Field guide to the willows of east central Idaho. University of Idaho, Moscow
9. Committee on Ungulate Management in Yellowstone National Park NRC (2002) Ecological dynamics on Yellowstone's Northern Range. The National Academies Press, Washington D.C.
10. Consolo Murphy S, Hanson DD (1990) Current distribution of beaver in Yellowstone National Park. In: Varley JD, Brewster WG (eds) Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, vol 2: research and analysis. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, pp 221-235
11. Cote SD, Rooney TP, Tremblay JP, Dussault C, Waller DM (2004) Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:113-147
12. Despain DG (1987) The two climates of Yellowstone National Park. Proc Mont Acad Sci 47:11-20
13. Engstrom DR, Whitlock C, Fritz SC, Wright HE (1991) Recent environmental change inferred from the sediments of small lakes in Yellowstone's Northern Range. J Paleolimnol 5:139-174
14. Ewers FW, Zimmermann MH (1984) The hydraulic architecture of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Can J Bot 62:940-946
15. Fortin D, Beyer HL, Boyce MS, Smith DW, Duchesne T, Mao JS (2005) Wolves influence elk movements: behavior shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 86:1320-1330
16. Hebblewhite M et al (2005) Human activity mediates a trophic cascade caused by wolves. Ecology 86:2135-2144
17. Houston DB (1982) The northern Yellowstone elk: ecology and management. MacMillan, New York
18. Hubbard RM, Bond BJ, Ryan MG (1999) Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees. Tree Physiol 19:165-172
19. Hubbard RM, Ryan MG, Stiller V, Sperry JS (2001) Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis vary linearly with plant hydraulic conductance in ponderosa pine. Plant Cell Environ 24:113-121
20. Jonas RJ (1955) A population and ecological study of beaver (Castor canadensis) of Yellowstone National Park. University of Idaho, Moscow
21. Joyce BJ, Steiner KC (1995) Systematic variation in xylem hydraulic capacity within the crown of white ash (Fraxinus Americana). Tree Physiol 15:649-656
22. Keigley RB, Frisina MR (1998) Browse evaluation by analysis of growth form: Volume I methods for evaluating condition and trend. Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Bozeman
23. Kindschy RR (1985) Response of red willow to beaver use in southeastern Oregon. J Wildl Manage 49:26-28
24. Kopp RF, Abrahamson LP, White EH, Burns KF, Nowak CA (1997) Cutting cycle and spacing effects on biomass production by a willow clone in New York. Biomass Bioenerg 12:313-319
25. Lockhart JA (1965) Cell extension. In: Bonner J, Varner JE (eds) Plant biochemistry. Academic, New York, pp 826-849
26. Meinzer FC, Grantz DA (1990) Stomatal and hydraulic conductance in growing sugarcane: stomatal adjustment to water transport capacity. Plant Cell Environ 13:383-388
27. Peinetti HR, Menezes RSC, Coughenour MB (2001) Changes induced by elk browsing in the aboveground biomass production and distribution of willow (Salix monticola Bebb): their relationships with plant water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics. Oecologia 127:334-342
28. Raven JA (1992) The physiology of Salix. Proc R Soc Edinb B 98:49-62
29. Ripple WJ, Beschta RL (2004) Wolves and the ecology of fear: can predation risk structure ecosystems? Bioscience 54:755-766
30. Rooke T, Bergstrom R, Skarpe C, Danell K (2004) Morphological responses of woody species to simulated twig browsing in Botswana. J Trop Ecol 20:281-289
31. Ryan MG, Yoder BJ (1997) Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth. Bioscience 47:235-242
32. Singer FJ, Mark LC, Cates RC (1994) Ungulate herbivory of willows on Yellowstone northern winter range. J Range Manage 47:435-443
33. Smith DW, Consolo Murphy S, Phillips MK, Crabtree R (1996) Beaver survey. Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth
34. Smith DW, Peterson RO, Houston DB (2003) Yellowstone after wolves. Bioscience 53:330-340
35. Soule ME, Estes JA, Miller B, Honnold DL (2005) Strongly interacting species: conservation policy, management, and ethics. Bioscience 55:168-176
36. Sperry JS, Donnelly JR, Tyree MT (1988) A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem. Plant Cell Environ 11:35-40
37. Stolter C, Ball JP, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Lieberei R, Ganzhorn JU (2005) Winter browsing of moose on two different willow species: food selection in relation to plant chemistry and plant response. Can J Zool 83:807-819
38. Suding KN, Gross KL, Houseman GR (2004) Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 19:46-53
39. Tardieu F, Granier C, Muller B (1999) Modelling leaf expansion in a fluctuating environment: are changes in specific leaf area a consequence of changes in expansion rate? New Phytol 143:33-44
40. Tyree MT, Ewers FW (1991) The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody-plants. New Phytol 119:345-360
41. Tyree MT, Kolb KJ, Rood SB, Patino S (1994) Vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation of riparian cottonwoods in Alberta - a possible factor in the decline of the ecosystem. Tree Physiol 14:455-466
42. vandeKoppel J, Rietkerk M, Weissing FJ (1997) Catastrophic vegetation shifts and soil degradation in terrestrial grazing systems. Trends Ecol Evol 12:352-356
43. Warren RE (1926) A study of beaver in the Yancey region of Yellowstone National Park. Roosevelt Wild Life Ann 1:13-191
44. Westbrook CJ, Cooper DJ, Baker BW (2006) Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area. Water Resour Res 42:W0640 (doi: 10.1029/2005WR004560)
45. Wikberg J, Ogren G (2004) Interrelationships between water use and growth traits in biomass-producing willows. Trees Struct Funct 18:70-76
46. Wolf EC, Cooper DJ, Hobbs NT (2007) Beaver, stream flow, and elk influence willow establishment and floodplain stability on Yellowstone's Northern Range. Ecol Appl (in press)
47. Woodruff DR, Bond BJ, Meinzer FC (2004) Does turgor limit growth in tall trees? Plant Cell Environ 27:229-236
48. Zimmermann MH (1978) Hydraulic architecture of some diffuse-porous trees. Can J Bot 56:2286-2295
49. Zimmermann MH (1983) Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. Springer, New York