Risk assessment of recidivism of violent and sexual female offenders

Psychiatry, Psychology and Law

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 227-250

  Poels, Veerle ^a,b  

^a New Zealand Department of Corrections   (New Zealand)

^b NONE   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNICITY; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; INCEST; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; NEW ZEALAND; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; RECIDIVISM; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL CRIME; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; VICTIM; VIOLENCE;

EID: 36349026328     PISSN: 13218719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1375/pplt.14.2.227     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Alder, C., & Bazemore, G. (1979). Issues in the application of parole guidelines to females. In C.T. Griffiths & M. Nance (Eds.), The female offender (pp. 289-307). Vancouver, Canada: Criminology Research Centre.
2. Andrews D.A., & Bonta, J. (2003). The psychology of criminal conduct (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
3. Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J.L., & Wormith, J. S. (2004a). Level of Service/Case Management Inventory. An offender assessment system. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
4. Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J.L., & Wormith, J.S. (2004b). Level of Service/Case Management Inventory. An offender assessment system. Scoring Guide. New York: Multi-Health Systems.
5. Arnold, R. (1994). Black women in prison: The price of resistance. In M.B. Zinn & B.T. Dill (Eds.), Women of color in U.S. society (pp. 171-184). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
6. Atkinson, J. (2000). Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada. Canada: Correctional Service.
7. Bakker, L., O'Malley, J., & Riley, D. (1999). Risk of reconviction: Statistical models which predict four types of re-offending. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Corrections.
8. Barclay, G., & Tavares, C. (2003). International comparisons of criminal justice statistics 2001. London: Home Office, Research Development & Statistics Directorate.
9. Beech, A.R., Fisher, D.D., & Thornton, D. (2003). Risk assessment of sex offenders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 339-352.
10. Benda, B.B. (2005). Gender differences in life-course theory of recidivism: A survival analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, 325-342.
11. Blanchette, K. (1997). Comparing violent and non-violent female offenders on risk and need. Forum on Corrections Research, 9, 14-18.
12. Blanchette, K. (2001). Classifying female offenders for effective intervention: Application of the case-based principles of risk and need. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Carleton University, Canada.
13. Blanchette, K. (2002). Classifying female offenders for effective intervention: Application of the case-based principles of risk and need. Forum on Corrections Research, 14, 31-35.
14. Blanchette, K., & Motiuk, L.L. (1997). Maximum-security female and male offenders: A comparison (R-53). Ottawa, Canada: Research Branch Correctional Service.
15. Blanchette, K., & Taylor, K. (2004). Development and validation of a Security Classification Scale for women. Forum on Corrections Research, 16, 28-30.
16. Bonta, J. (2002). Offender risk assessment. Guidelines for selection and use. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29, 355-379.
17. Bonta, J., Pang, B., & Wallace-Capretta, S. (1995). Predictors of recidivism among incarcerated female offenders. The Prison Journal, 73, 277-294.
18. Brennan, T. (1998). Institutional classification of females: Problems and some proposals for reform. In R.T. Zaplin (Ed.), Female offenders. Critical perspectives and effective interventions (pp. 179-204). Gaithersburg: Aspen.
19. Byrne, M., & Howells, K. (2000, October-November). Key issues in the provision of correctional services of women. Paper presented at the Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
20. Cale, E.M., & Lilienfeld, S.O. (2002). Sex differences in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1179-1207.
21. Chesney-Lind, M., & Pasko, L. (2004). The female offender. Girls, women and crime (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Cleckley, H. (1981). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: The CV Mosby Company.
23. Coebergh, B., Bakker, L., Anstiss, B., Maynard, K., & Percy, S. (2001). A seein' 'I' to the future: The Criminogenic Needs Inventory. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Corrections.
24. Covington, S.S., & Bloom, B.E. (1998, November). Gender-specific programming for female offenders: What is it and why it is important? Paper presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Washington, DC.
25. Covington, S.S., & Bloom, B.E. (2004, November). Creating gender-responsive services in correctional settings: Context and considerations. Paper presented at the 2004 American Society of Criminology Conference, Nashville, TN.
26. Dell, C.A., & Boe, R. (2000). An examination of Aboriginal and Caucasian women offender risk and needs factors (R-94). Ottawa, Canada: Research Branch Correctional Service.
27. Department of Corrections. (2002). Development of a security classification system for women inmates. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.
28. Department of Corrections. (2003). A strategic framework to enhance the effectiveness of offender management for women offenders. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.
29. Ditchfield, J. (1997). Actuarial prediction and risk assessment. Prison Service Journal, 113, 8-13.
30. Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. A. (1999). What works for female offenders: A meta-analytical review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 438-452.
31. Dowden, C., & Blanchette, K. (1999). An investigation into the characteristics of substance-abusing women offenders: Risk, need and post-release outcome (R-81). Ottawa, Canada: Research Branch Correctional Service.
32. Dutton, D.G., Nicholls, T.L., & Spidel, A. (2005). Female perpetrators of intimate abuse. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 41(4), 1-31.
33. Else-Quest, N.M., Hyde, J.S., Goldsmith, H.H., & Van Hulle, C.A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 33-72.
34. Forouzan, E., & Cooke, D.J. (2005). Figuring out la femme fatale: Conceptual and assessment issues concerning psychopathy in females. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 23, 765-778.
35. Grann, M. (2000). The PCL-R and gender. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16, 147-149.
36. Grayston, A.D., & De Luca, R.V. (1999). Female perpetrators of child sexual abuse: A review of the clinical and empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4, 93-106.
37. Hannah-Moffat, K. (1999). Moral agent or actuarial subject: Risk and Canadian women's imprisonment. Theoretical Criminology, 3, 71-94.
38. Hanson, R.K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. (2004). Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis. Canada: Public Works and Government Services.
39. Handyman, P.L., & Van Voorhis, P. (2004). Developing gender-specific classification systems for women offenders. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections.
40. Hare, R.D. (2003). Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R): Technical manual (2nd ed.). New York: Multi-Health Systems.
41. Harris, H. (1979). Family violence: Women as offenders or victims. In C.T. Griffiths & M. Nance (Eds.), The female offender (pp. 69-80). Vancouver: Criminology Research Centre.
42. Harris, A., Phenix, A., Hanson, R., & Thornton, D. (2003). STATIC-99 coding rules revised - 2003. Ottawa, Canada: Corrections Directorate, Solicitor General Canada.
43. Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Camilleri, J.A. (2004). Applying a forensic actuarial assessment (the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide) to nonforensic patients. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1063-1074.
44. Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A. (2002). Prospective replication of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide in predicting violent recidivism among forensic patients. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 377-395.
45. Hart, K. (2000, October-November). The assessment of female offenders. Paper presented at the Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
46. Hemphill, J.F., Hare, R.D., & Wong, S. (1998). Psychopathy and recidivism: A review. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3, 139-170.
47. Holtfreter, K., & Morash, M. (2003). The needs of women offenders: Implications for correctional programming. Women & Criminal Justice, 14, 137-160.
48. Howells, K. (2000, October-November). Treatment, management and rehabilitation of women in prison: Relevance of rehabilitation principles. Paper presented at Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
49. Hughes, L. (2005). The representation of females in criminological research: A content analysis of American and British journal articles. Women & Criminal Justice, 16, 1-28.
50. Hunter, J.A., & Mathews, R. (1997). Sexual deviance in females. In D.R. Laws & W. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 465-480). New York: The Guilford Press.
51. Jackson, R.L., Rogers, R., Neumann, C.S., & Lambert, P.L. (2002). Psychopathy in female offenders. An investigation of its underlying dimensions. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29, 692-704.
52. Johansson-Love, J., & Fremouw, W. (2006). A critique of the female sexual perpetrator research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 12-26.
53. Jones, D. (2004). The revocation of conditionally-released women: A research summary. Forum on Corrections Research, 16, 31-33
54. Kalders, A., Inkster, H., & Britt, E. (1997). Females who offend sexually against children in New Zealand. Christchurch, New Zealand: Department of Corrections, Psychological Service.
55. Kaufman, K.L., Wallace, A.M., Johnson, C.F., & Reeder, M.L. (1995). Comparing female and male perpetrators' modus operandi. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 322-333.
56. Kennealy, P.J., Hicks, B.M., & Patrick, C.J. (2005, July). Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) factors in female prisoners: Discriminant relations with antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and personality. Poster session presented at the biannual conference of the Society for Scientific Study of Psychopathy, Vancouver, Canada.
57. King, L. (2004). 'What works for women offenders?' A literature review. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Corrections, Psychological Service.
58. King, L., & Cherrington, L. (2004). Kowhiritanga. Programme for women. Facilitator's manual. New Zealand: Department of Corrections, Psychological Service.
59. Kingi, T.K., & Durie, M. (2000). 'Hua Oranga'. A Maori measure of mental health outcome. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University, School of Maori Studies.
60. Koons, B.A., Burrow, J.D., Morash, M., & Bynum, T. (1997). Expert and offender perceptions of program elements linked to successful outcomes for incarcerated women. Crime and Delinquency, 43, 512-532.
61. Leenaars, P.E. (2005). Differences between violent male and violent female forensic psychiatric outpatients: Consequences for treatment. Psychology, Crime & Law, 11, 445-455.
62. Lewis, C.F., & Stanley, C.R. (2000). Women accused of sexual offenses. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18, 73-81.
63. Loucks, A., & Zamble, E. (1999). Predictors of recidivism in serious female offenders. Corrections Today, 61, 26-32.
64. Loucks, A., & Zamble, E. (2000). Predictors of criminal behavior and prison misconduct in serious female offenders. Empirical and Applied Criminal Justice Review, 1, 1-47.
65. Loza, W., Neo L.H., Shahinfar, A., & Loza-Fanous, A. (2005). Cross-validation of the self-appraisal questionnaire: A tool for assessing violent and nonviolent recidivism with female offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, 547-560.
66. Mathews, R., Hunter, J.A., & Vuz, J. (1997). Juvenile female sexual offenders: Clinical characterisrics and treatment issues. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, 187-199.
67. Maynard, K., Coebergh, B., Anstiss, B., Bakker, L., & Huriwai, T. (1999). Ki te arotu. Toward a new assessment: The identification of cultural factors which may predispose Maori to crime. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 13, 43-58.
68. McClellan, D.S., Farabee, D., & Crouch, B.M. (1997). Early victimization, drug use, and criminality: A comparison of male and female prisoners. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 24, 455-476.
69. McLean, H. (1995). Psychological assessment of women offenders. In T.A. Leis, L.L. Motiuk & J.R. Ogloff (Eds.), Forensic psychology. Policy and practice in corrections (pp. 43-53). Ottawa, Canada: Correctional Services Canada.
70. Mihailides, S., Jude, B., & Van den Bossche, E. (2005). The LSI-R in an Australian setting: Implications for risk/needs decision-making in forensic contexts. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 12, 207-217.
71. Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Rutter, M., & Silva, P.A. (2001). Sex differences in antisocial behaviour, conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin longitudinal study. Cambridge: University Press.
72. Monster, M., & Micucci, A. (2005). Meeting rehabilitative needs at a Canadian women's correctional centre. The Prison Journal, 85, 168-185.
73. Morash, M., Bynum, T.S., & Koons, B.A. (1998). Women offenders: Programming needs and promising approaches. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Research in Brief.
74. Moth, B., & Hudson, S.M. (1999). An investigation into the demographic and offence-specific variables, need areas and security classification in incarcerated female offenders in New Zealand. Unpublished manuscript. Christchurch, New Zealand: Department of Corrections, Psychological Service.
75. Motiuk, L.L. (1993). Where are we in our ability to assess risk? Forum on Corrections Research, 5.
76. Motiuk, L.L. (2000). The safe reintegration and risk management of violent, sex and repeat offenders in Canada. In E. Leuw & L.L. Motiuk (Eds.), Safe reintegration of sexual offenders (Onderzoek en Beleid, No. 186, pp. 5-36). The Hague: WODC.
77. Nathan, P., & Ward, T. (2001). Females who sexually abuse children: Assessment and treatment issues. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 8, 44-55.
78. Nathan, P., & Ward, T. (2002). Female sex offenders: Clinical and demographic features. The Journal of Sexual Aggression, 8, 5-21.
79. Nicholls, T.L., Ogloff, J.R., Brink, J.F., & Spidel, A. (2005). Psychopathy in women: A review of its clinical usefulness for assessing risk for aggresion and criminality. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 23, 779-802.
80. Nicholls, T.L., Ogloff, J.R., & Douglas, K.S. (2004). Assessing risk for violence among male and female civil psychiatric patients: The HCR-20, PCL:SV, and VSC. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 127-158.
81. Odgers, C.L., & Moretti, M.M. (2002). Aggressive and antisocial girls: Research update and challenges. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 1(2), 103-119.
82. Odgers, C.L., Moretti, M.M., & Reppucci, N.D. (2005). Examining the science and practice of violence risk assessment with female adolescents. Law and Human Behavior, 29(1), 7-27.
83. Psychologists Board. (2002). Code of ethics for psychologists working in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Psychologists Board.
84. Putkonen, H., Komulainen, E.J., Virkkunen, M., Eronen, M., & Lönnqvist, J. (2003). Risk of repeat offending among violent female offenders with psychotic and personality disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 947-951.
85. Quinsey, V.L., Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A. (1999). Violent offenders. Appraising and managing risk. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
86. Raine, A., & Sanmartín, J. (2001). Violence and psychopathy. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
87. Richards, H.J., Casey, J.O., & Lucente, S.W. (2003). Psychopathy and treatment response in incarcerated female substance abusers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30, 251-276.
88. Ryan, G., & Lane, S. (Eds.). (1997). Juvenile sexual offending. Causes, consequences, and correction. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
89. Salekin, R.T., Rogers, R., Ustad, K.L., & Sewell, K.W. (1998). Psychopathy and recidivism among female inmates. Law and Human Behavior, 22, 109-128.
90. Salomone, J. (2004). A low security prison for women: A best practice in Western Australia. Forum on Corrections Research, 16, 34-37.
91. Shaw, M., & Dubois, S. (1995). Understanding violence by women: A review of the literature (FSW No. 23) [Electronic version]. Ottawa, Canada: Correctional Service.
92. Skeem, J.L., Odgers, C., Stowman, S., Mulvey, E.P., Schubert, C., Gardner, W. et al. (2005). What do clinicians expect? Comparing envisioned and reported violence for male and female patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 599-609.
93. Sorbello, L., Eccleston, L., Ward, T., & Jones, R. (2002). Treatment needs of female offenders: A review. Australian Psychologist, 37, 198-205.
94. Spier, P., & Lash, B. (2004). Conviction and sentencing of offenders in New Zealand: 1994 to 2003. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Justice.
95. Statistics New Zealand. (2005). Focusing on women 2005. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.
96. Steffensmeier, D., & Allan, E. (1998). The nature of female offending: Patterns and explanation. In R.T. Zaplin (Ed.), Female offenders. Critical perspectives and effective interventions (pp. 5-29). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
97. Strand, S., & Belfrage, H. (2001). Comparison of HCR-20 scores in violent mentally disordered men and women: Gender differences and similarities. Psychology, Crime & Law, 7, 71-79.
98. Stuart, B., & Brice-Baker, J. (2004). Correlates of higher rates of recidivism in female prisoners: An exploratory study. The Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 32, 29-70.
99. Stuart, G.L., Moore, T.M., Gordon, K.C., Ramsey, S.E., & Kahler, C.W. (2006). Psychopathology in women arrested for domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 376-389.
100. Suter, J., & Byrne, M. (2000, October-November). Female offenders are different from male offenders: Anger as an example. Paper presented at the Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
101. Vandiver, D.M., & Kercher, G. (2004). Offender and victim characteristics of registered female sexual offenders in Texas: A proposed typology of female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 119-135.
102. Vandiver, D.M., & Teske, R. (2006). Juveline female and male sex offenders. A comparison of offender, victim, and judicial processing characteristics. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50, 148-165.
103. Vandiver, D.M., & Walker, J.T. (2002). Female sex offenders: An overview and analysis of 40 cases. Criminal Justice Review, 27, 284-300.
104. Vick, J., McRoy, R., & Matthews, B.M. (2002). Young female sex offenders: Assessment and treatment issues. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11, 1-23.
105. Vitacco, M.J., Neumann, C.S., & Jackson, R.L. (2005). Testing a four-factor model of psychopathy and its association with ethnicity, gender, intelligence, and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 466-476.
106. Vitale, J.E., Smith, S.S., Brinkley, C.A., & Newman, J.P. (2002). The reliability and validity of the psychopathy checklist-revised in a sample of female offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29, 202-231.
107. Walklate, S. (2004). Gender, crime and criminal justice (2nd ed.). Cullompton, England: Willan.
108. Ward, T., & Stewart, C. (2003). The treatment of sex offenders: Risk management and good lives. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2003, 34, 353-360.
109. Ward, T., & Gannon, T. (2006). Rehabilitation, etiology, and self-regulation: The comprehensive good lives model of treatment for sexual offenders. Aggressive and Violent Behavior, 11, 77-94.
110. Ward, T., Mann, R., & Gannon, T. (2007). The Good Lives Model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications. Aggressive and Violent Behavior, 12, 87-107
111. Weizmann-Henelius, G., Viemerö, V., & Eronen, M. (2004). Psychological risk markers in violent female behavior. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 3(2), 185-196.
112. Williams, S.M., & Nicholaichuk, T. (2001). Assessing risk factors in adult female sex offenders under federal jurisdiction [Slide show]. Presented at the annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Antonio, TX.
113. Wong, S. (n.d.). The Violence Risk Scale. Theoretical and empirical rationale for the selection of the static and dynamic risk factors: A brief description. Saskatchewan, Canada: Research Unit, Regional Psychiatric Centre.
114. Wong, S., & Gordon, A. (1999). Violence Risk Scale. Saskatchewan, Canada: Research Unit, Regional Psychiatric Centre.
115. Zaplin, R. T. (1998). Female offenders. Critical perspectives and effective interventions. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.