From borderline to borderland: The changing European border regime

Monthly Review

Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 41-52

  Euskirchen, Markus ^a   Lebuhn, Henrik ^b   Ray, Gene ^a  

^a San Francisco Art Institute ^*

^b San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI)   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36349001905     PISSN: 00270520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14452/MR-059-06-2007-10_6     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Pro Asyl, Die höchste Todesrate an den Außengrenzen-kaum noch Asylgesuche 2006, http://www.proasyl.de, March 20, 2007.
2. For more details on the 2006 death toll, see table and statistics in LeMonde Diplomatique, Atlas der Globalisierung (Berlin: taz, 2006), 60.
3. See Pro Asyl.
4. The origins of the term "Fortress Europe" lie in German fascism. Facing their defeat by the Red Army in 1942, Nazi propaganda called for the defense of "Fortress Europe" against the "Russian hoards from Asia."
5. Frank Düvell, "Die Globalisierung der Migrationskontrolle in Materialien," Zur neuen Einwanderungspolitik in Europa (Berlin: Assoziation A, 2002), 166, 45-167.
6. In 2005, the EU agency Frontex, based in Warsaw, was created as a specialized and independent body tasked to coordinate the operational cooperation between Schengen member states in the field of border security. See http://www.frontex.europa.eu, September 19, 2007.
7. One of the groups likely to suffer most from a European border between Turkey and its eastern neighbors is the Kurds, who traditionally live in this border region and have been targeted by brutal state repression for many years.
8. See EUBAM, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine, Annual Report 2005/2006, http://www.eubam.org, March 20, 2007.
9. Forschungsstelle Flucht und Migration, Flüchtlingsfahndung an der ostdeutschen Grenze, http://www.asf-er.de, March 20, 2007.
10. Wolfgang Hecker, "Auf schleichenden Pfaden zur Bundespolizei," Frankfurter Rundschau, April 7, 1998.
11. See Sabine Hess and T. Vassilis, "Europeanizing transnationalisml Konturen des 'europäischen Grenzregimes,'" presented at Arbeitsmigration. Wanderarbeiterinnen auf dem Weltmarkt für Arbeitskraft (Trier: IRM, 2003).
12. See http://www.iom.int, March 20, 2007.
13. Quoted in Düvell Frank, "Im Fadenkreuz der Kritik. Die IOM-Organisatorin des globalen Menschenhandels," ak-zeitung für linke débatte und praxis 473 (2003), 7, translation by H. L.
14. In fall 2003, activists rendered the IOM branch in Berlin visible by decorating it with 160 paint-balls; see http://de.indymedia.org, March 20, 2007; incl. photos.
15. Hess and Vassilis, "Europeanizing transnationalisml"
16. Henrik Lebuhn, "In the ghetto...," Linkslog, 14.1. 2004, http://www.linksnet.de, March 20, 2007.
17. Prokla Editorial, "Politik mit der Demographie," Prokla - Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 146 (2007).
18. See also Markus Euskirchen et. al., Umkämpfte Räume (Berlin: Working Paper, 2003).
19. We use the term "illegalized" to underscore the fact that legality and illegality are not biological human attributes. Subjecting individuals to this juridical category and to the loss of rights and mobility that follow from it is always a political act.
20. Düvell (2002), 166.
21. The incident generated a broad discussion about European border policies concerning North African refugees. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla.
22. Tobias Pieper, "Das dezentrale Lagersystem für Flüchtlinge-Scharnier zwischen regulären und irregulären Arbeitsmarktsegmenten," Prokla-Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 136 (2004): 435-53.
23. See Loïc Wacquant, "The Return of the Repressed" in Urban Outcast (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).
24. No misunderstandings here: The first and second generations of post-1945 guest workers in Europe faced formidable obstacles to integration in the form of discriminatory state policies and social xenophobia. However, the mechanisms of exclusion that rendered-and still render-these guest-worker generations socially and politically marginal are substantially different from those bearing on today's illegalized migrants.
25. Mike Davis, Magical Urbanism (London, New York: Verso, 2000), 80.
26. Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe, eds., Turbulente Ränder (Bielefeld: transcript, 2007).