A proposed method to estimate premorbid full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) for the Canadian Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) using demographic and combined estimation procedures

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 867-878

  Schoenberg, Mike R ^a   Lange, Rael T ^b   Saklofske, Donald H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND   (United States)

^b RIVERVIEW HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ADOLESCENT; ALGORITHM; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHI SQUARE TEST; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STANDARDIZATION; VALIDATION PROCESS; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; ALGORITHMS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CANADA; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REFERENCE VALUES; WECHSLER SCALES;

EID: 36348984858     PISSN: 13803395     EISSN: 1744411X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13803390601147678     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. American College Testing Program. (1987). ACT Assessment Program technical manual. Iowa City, IA: Author.
2. Baade, L. E., & Schoenberg, M. R. (2004). A proposed method to estimate premorbid intelligence utilizing group achievement measures from school records. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 227-244.
3. Barona, A., Reynolds, C., & Chastain, R. (1984). A demographically based index of premorbid intelligence for the WAIS-R. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 885-887.
4. Blair, J., & Spreen, O. (1989). Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 3, 129-136.
5. Chugani, H. T., Muller, R. A., & Chugani, D. C. (1996). Functional brain reorganization in children. Brain & Development, 18, 347-356.
6. College Board Tests. (1995). SAT: Technical manual. New York: Author.
7. Crawford, J. R., Nelson, H. E., Blackmore, L., Cochrane, R. H. B., & Allan, K. M. (1990). Estimating premorbid intelligence by combining the NART and demographic variables: An examination of the NART standardisation sample and supplementary equations. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1153-1157.
8. Donders, J., Tulsky, D. S., & Zhu, J. (2001). Criterion validity of new WAIS-III subtest scores after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 892-898.
9. Ewing-Cobbs, L., Barnes, M. A., & Fletcher, J. M. (2003). Early brain injury in children: Development and reorganization of cognitive function. Developmental Neuropsychology. 24, 669-704.
10. Fisher, D. C., Ledbetter, M. F., Cohen, N. J., Marmor, D., & Tulsky, D. S. (2000). WAIS-III and WMS-III profiles of mildly to severely brain-injured patients. Applied Neuropsychology, 7, 126-132.
11. Hertz-Pannier, L., Chiron, C., Jambaque, I., Renaux-Kieffer, V., Van de Moortele, P. F., Delalande, O. et al. (2002). Late plasticity for language in a child's non-dominant hemisphere: A pre- and post-surgery fMRI study. Brain, 125, 361-372.
12. Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E., et al. (1992). Mayo's older Americans normative studies: WAIS-R norms for ages 56-97. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6(suppl.), 1-30.
13. Kaufman, A. S. (1990). Assessing adolescent and adult intelligence. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
14. Klesges, R. C. (1982). Establishing premorbid levels of intellectual functioning in children: An empirical investigation. Clinical Neuropsychology, 4, 15-17.
15. Klesges, R. C., & Sanchez, V. C. (1981). Cross-validation of an index of premorbid intellectual functioning in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 141.
16. Kolb, B., Gibb, R., & Gorny, G. (2000). Cortical plasticity and the development of behavior after early frontal cortical injury. Developmental Neuropsychology, 18, 423-444.
17. Krull, K. R., Scott, J. G., & Sherer, M. (1995). Estimation of premorbid intelligence from combined performance and demographic variables. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 83-88.
18. Lange, R. T., Schoenberg, M. R., Chelune, G., Scott, J., & Adams, R. A. (2005a). Development of the WAIS-III General Ability Index-Estimate (GAI-E). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 73-86.
19. Lange, R. T., Schoenberg, M. R., Woodward, T. S., & Brickell, T. A. (2005b). Development of the WAIS-III Estimate of Premorbid Ability for Canada (EPAC). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 1009-1024.
20. Larrabee, G. J., Largen, J. W., & Levin, H. S. (1985). Sensitivity of age-decline resistant ("hold") WAIS subtests to Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 7, 497-504.
21. Lezak, M. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford.
22. Lezak, M. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford.
23. Liegeois, F., Connelly, A., Cross, J. H., Boyd, S. G., Gadian, D. G., Vargha-Khadem, F., et al. (2004). Language reorganization in children with early-onset lesions of the left hemisphere: An fMRI study. Brain, 127, 1229-1236.
24. McFie, J. (1975). Assessment of organic intellectual impairment. New York: Academic Press.
25. Nelson, H. E. (1982). National adult reading test (NART): Test manual. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
26. Nelson, H. E., & O'Connell, A. (1978). Dementia: The estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the new adult reading test. Cortex, 14, 234-244.
27. Papanicolaou, A. C., Simos, P. G., Breier, J. I., Wheless, J. W., Mancias, P., Baumgartner, J. E., et al. (2001). Brain plasticity for sensory and linguistic functions: A functional imaging study using magnetoencephalography with children and young adults.Journal of Child Neurology, 16, 241-252.
28. Powell, B. D., Brossart, D. F., & Reynolds, C. R. (2003). Evaluation of the accuracy of two regression-based methods for estimating premorbid IQ. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 277-292.
29. Psychological Corporation, The. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition/Wechsler Memory Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-III/WMS-III) technical manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
30. Psychological Corporation, The. (2001). Manual for the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. San Antonio, TX: Author.
31. Psychological Corporation, The. (2004). WISC-IV technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
32. Putnam, S. H., Ricker, J. H., Ross, S. R., & Kurtz, J. E. (1999). Considering premorbid functioning: Beyond cognition to a conceptualization of personality in postinjury functioning. In J. J. Sweet (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: Fundamentals and practice. Studies on neuropsychology, development, and cognition (pp. 29-81). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
33. Reynolds, C. R. (1997). Postscripts on premorbid ability estimation: Conceptual addenda and a few words on alternative and conditional approaches. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 769-778.
34. Reynolds, C. R., & Gutkin, T. B. (1979). Predicting the premorbid intellectual status of children using demographic data. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 36-38.
35. Sattler, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Author.
36. Sattler, J. M. (2001). Assessment of children (4th ed.). San Diego, CA: Author
37. Schinka, J. A., & Vanderploeg, R. D. (2000). Estimating premorbid level of functioning. In R. D. Vanderploeg (Ed.), Clinicians guide to neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
38. Schoenberg, M. R., Duff, K., Dorfman, K. D., & Adams, R. L. (2004a). Differential estimation of verbal intelligence and performance intelligence scores from combined performance and demographic variables: The OPIE-3 verbal and performance algorithms. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18, 266-276.
39. Schoenberg, M. R., Duff, K., Scott, J. G., & Adams, R. L. (2003). An evaluation of the clinical utility of the OPIE-3 as an estimate of premorbid WAIS-III FSIQ. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 308-321.
40. Schoenberg, M. R., Lange, R. T., Brickell, T. A., & Saklofske, D. H. (in press). A proposed method to estimate premorbid general cognitive functioning for the American WISC-IV: Demographic and a combined demographic and current performance approach. Journal of Child Neurology.
41. Schoenberg, M. R., Lange, R. T., Chelune, G. J., Iverson, G. I., Scott, J. G., & Adams, R. L. (2006). Clinical validation of the General Ability Index-Estimate (GAI-E) for evaluating premorbid intellectual functioning. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 365-381.
42. Schoenberg, M. R., Scott, J. G., Duff, K., & Adams, R. L. (2002). Estimation of WAIS-III intelligence from combined performance and demographic variables: Development of the OPIE-3. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16, 426-438.
43. Schoenberg, M. R., Scott, J. G., Ruwe, W., Patton, D., & Adams, R. L. (2004b). Assumptions that underlie predicting premorbid IQ: A comment on the "Evaluation of the accuracy of two regression-based methods for estimating premorbid IQ." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 1103-1106.
44. Schwartz, M., & Saffran, E. (1987). The American-NART: Replication and extension of the British finding on the persistence of word pronunciation skills in patients with dementia. Unpublished manuscript.
45. Scott, J. G., Krull, K. R., Williamson, D. J. G., Adams, R. L., & Iverson, G. L. (1997). Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimation (OPIE): Utilization in clinical samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 146-154.
46. Statistics Canada. (2002). 2001 census of population (20% sample database) [CD ROM]. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada.
47. Taylor, H. G., & Alden, J. (1997). Age-related differences in outcomes following childhood brain insults: An introduction and overview. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 555-567.
48. Taylor, H. G., Wade, S. L., Stancin, T., Yates, K. O., Drotar, D., & Minich, N. (2002). A prospective study of short- and long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury in children: Behavior and achievement. Neuropsychology, 16, 15-27.
49. Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Burant, C. (2001). Bidirectional child-family influences on outcomes of traumatic brain injury in children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 755-767.
50. Tremont, G., Mittenberg, W., & Miller, L. J. (1999). Acute intellectual effects of pediatric head trauma. Child Neuropsychology, 5, 104-114.
51. Vanderploeg, R. D., & Schinka, J. A. (1995). Predicting WAIS-R IQ premorbid ability: Combining subtest performance and demographic variable predictors. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 10, 225-239.
52. Vanderploeg, R. D., Schinka, J. A., Baum, K. M., Tremont, G., & Mittenberg, W. (1998). WISC-III premorbid prediction strategies: Demographic and best performance approaches. Psychological Assessment, 10, 277-284.
53. Wechsler, D. (1958). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (4th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
54. Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). New York: The Psychological Corporation.
55. Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
56. Wechsler, D. (2003a). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition: American manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
57. Wechsler, D. (2003b). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition: Canadian manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
58. Wilson, R. S., Rosenbaum, G., Brown, G., Rourke, D., Whitman, D., & Grisell, J. (1978). An index of premorbid intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1554-1555.
59. Yates, A. (1956). The use of vocabulary in the measurement of intelligence deterioration: A review. Journal of Mental Science, 102, 409-440.
60. Yates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., Drotar, D., Wade, S., Stancin, T., & Klein, W. (1997). Preinjury family environment as a determinant of recovery from traumatic brain injury in school-age children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 617-630.
61. Yuan, W., Szaflarski, J. P., Schmithorst, V. J., Schapiro, M., Byars, A. W., Strawsburg, R. H., et al. (2006). fMRI shows atypical language lateralization in pediatric epilepsy patients. Epilepsia, 47, 593-600.