Dynamics of Political Polarization

American Sociological Review

Volumn 72, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 784-811

  Baldassarri, Delia ^a   Bearman, Peter ^b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HETEROGENEITY; HOMOGENEITY; POLARIZATION; POLITICAL THEORY;

EID: 36348956112     PISSN: 00031224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/000312240707200507     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abelson, Robert P. 1964. "Mathematical Models of the Distribution of Attitudes Under Controversy." Pp. 142-60 in Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, edited by N. Frederiksen and H. Gulliksen. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
2. Abelson, Robert P. 1979. "Social Clusters and Opinion Clusters." Pp. 239-56 in Perspectives on Social Network Research, edited by P. W. Holland and S. Leinhardt. New York: Academic Press.
3. Abramowitz, Alan I. and Kyle L. Saunders. 2005. "Why Can't We All Just Get Along? The Reality of Polarized American." The Forum 3:2 (http://www.bepress.com/forum/vol3/iss2/artl).
4. Abramson, Alan J. and Mitchell S. Tobin. 1995. "The Changing Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: The Segregation of the Poor in US. Metropolitan Areas, 1970-1990." Housing Policy Debate 6:45-72.
5. Axelrod, Robert. 1997. "The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization." Journal of Conflict Resolution 41:203-26.
6. Baldassarri, Delia. 2007. "Crosscutting Social Spheres? Political Polarization and the Social Roots of Pluralism." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
7. Baker, Wayne. 2005. America's Crisis of Values. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8. Bartels, Larry M. 2000. "Partisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952-1996." American Journal of Political Science 44:35-50.
9. Brauer, Markus, Melissa D. Gliner, and Charles M. Judd. 1995. "The Effects of Repeated Expressions on Attitude Polarization During Group Discussions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68:1014-29.
10. Carley, Kathleen. 1991. "A Theory of Group Stability." American Sociological Review 56:331-54.
11. Cliff, Andrew and J. Keith Ord. 1973. Spatial Autocorrelation. London, UK: Pion.
12. Converse, Philip E. 1964. "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics." Pp. 206-61 in Ideology and Discontent, edited by D. Apter. New York: Free Press.
13. De Groot, Morris H. 1974. "Reaching a Consensus." Journal of the American Statistical Association 69:118-21.
14. Delli Carpini, Michael and Scott Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15. DiMaggio, Paul, John Evans, and Bethany Bryson. 1996. "Have Americans' Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" American Journal of Sociology 102:690-755.
16. Eliasoph, Nina. 1998. Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy in Everyday Life. New York: Cambridge University Press.
17. Evans, John W. 2003. "Have Americans' Attitudes Become More Polarized? - An Update." Social Science Quarterly 84:71-90.
18. Festinger, Leon. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson & Company.
19. Fiorina, Morris P., with Samuel J. Abrams and Jeremy C. Pope. 2005. Culture Wars? The Myth of Polarized America. New York: Pearson Longman.
20. French, John R. 1956. "A Formal Theory of Social Power." Psychological Review 63:181-94.
21. Friedkin, Noah E. 1999. "Choice Shift and Group Polarization." American Sociological Review 64:856-75.
22. Friedkin, Noah E. and Eugene C. Johnsen. 1990. "Social Influence and Opinions." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 15:193-206.
23. Greenberg, Stanley B. 2004. The Two Americas. New York: St. Martin's Press.
24. Gould, Roger V. 1991. Insurgent Identities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
25. Gould, Roger V. 1993. "Collective Action and Network Structure." American Sociological Review 58:182-96.
26. Guimera, Roger and Luis A. Nunes Amaral. 2005. "Functional Cartography of Complex Metabolic Networks." Nature 433:895-900.
27. Heckathorn, Douglas D. 1990. "Collective Sanctions and Compliance Norms: A Formal Theory of Group Mediated Social Control." American Sociological Review 55:366-84.
28. Hedström, Peter. 2005. Dissecting the Social: On the Principles of Analytical Sociology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
29. Hegselmann, Rainer and Ulrich Krause. 2002. "Opinion Dynamics and Bounded Confidence: Models, Analysis, and Simulation." Journal of Artificial Sciences and Social Simulation 5:1-33.
30. Hovland, Carl I., O. J. Harvey, and Muzafer Sherif. 1957. "Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Reactions to Communication and Attitude Change." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 55:244-52.
31. Huckfeldt, Robert, Paul E. Johnson, and John Sprague. 2004. Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions Within Communication Networks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
32. Huckfeldt, Robert and John Sprague. 1995. Citizens, Politics and Social Communication: Information and Influence in a Election Campaign. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
33. Jargowsky, Paul A. 1996. "Take the Money and Run: Economic Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas." American Sociological Review 61:984-98.
34. Katz, Elihu and Paul F. Lazarsfeld. 1955. Personal Influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
35. Kim, Hyojoung and Peter S. Bearman. 1997. "The Structure and Dynamics of Movement Participation." American Sociological Review 62:70-93.
36. Kitts, James A. 2003. "Egocentric Bias or Information Management? Selective Disclosure and the Social Roots of Norm Misperception." Social Psychology Quarterly 3:222-37.
37. Kitts, James A. 2006. "Social Influence and the Emergence of Norms Amid Ties of Amity and Enmity." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 14:407-22.
38. Kohut, Andrew, John C. Green, Scott Keeter, Robert C. Toth. 2000. The Diminishing Divide. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
39. Lavine, Howard, Eugene Borgida, and John L. Sullivan. 2000. "On the Relationship Between Attitude Involvement and Attitude Accessibility: Toward a Cognitive-Motivational Model of Political Information Processing." Political Psychology 21:81-106.
40. Lipset, Seymour M. and Stein Rokkan. 1967. "Cleavage Structures, Party System and Voter Alignments: An Introduction." Pp. 1-64 in Party System and Voter Alignments, edited by S. M. Lipset and S. Rokkan. New York: Free Press.
41. Logan, John R., Brian J. Stults, and Reynolds Parley. 2004. "The Residential Segregation of Minorities in Metropolis: Two Decades of Change." Demography 41:1-22.
42. Macy, Michael. 1990. "Learning Theory and the Logic of Critical Mass." American Sociological Review 55:809-26.
43. Macy, Michael, James A. Kitts, Andreas Flache, and Steve Benard. 2003. "Polarization in Dynamic Networks: A Hopfield Model of Emergent Structure." Pp. 162-73 in Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis, edited by R. Breiger, K. Carley, and P. Pattison. Washington, DC: The National Academy Press.
44. Marsden, Peter V. 1981. "Introducing Influence Processes into a System of Collective Decision." American Journal of Sociology 86:1203-35.
45. Marwell, George and Pamela E. Oliver. 1993. The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Microsocial Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
46. Marx, Karl. [1852] 1963. The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publisher.
47. Massey, Douglas S. 1996. "The Age of Extremes: Concentrated Affluence and Poverty in the Twenty-first Century." Demography 33:395-412.
48. Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton. 1989. "Hypersegregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Black and Hispanic Segregation Along Five Dimensions." Demography 26:373-93.
49. McCarty, Nolan, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal. 2006. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
50. McPherson, Miller and Lynn Smith-Lovin. 1987. "Homophily in Voluntary Organizations: Status Distance and the Composition of Face to Face Groups." American Sociological Review 52:370-79.
51. McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook. 2001. "Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks." Annual Review of Sociology 27:415-44.
52. Myers, David G. and Helmut Lamm. 1976. "The Group Polarization Phenomenon." Psychological Bulletin 83:602-27.
53. Nowak, Andrzej, Jacek Szamrej, and Bibb Latané. 1990. "From Private Attitude to Public Opinion: A Dynamic Theory of Social Impact." Psychological Review 97:362-76.
54. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
55. Page, Benjamin I. and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
56. Poole, Keith T. and Howard Rosenthal. 1997. Congress: A Political Economic History of Roll Call Voting. New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone. New York: Simon & Schuster.
58. Saunders, Kyle L. and Alan I. Abramowitz. 2004. "Ideological Realignment and Active Partisans in the American Electorate." American Politics Research 32:285-309.
59. Shapiro, Robert Y. and Yaeli Bloch-Elkon. 2006. "Political Polarization and the Rational Public." Presented at the annual conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Montreal, Canada.
60. Skocpol, Theda. 2003. Diminished Democracy. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
61. Watts, Duncan and Peter Dodds. 2007. "Influentials, Networks and Public Opinion Formation." Journal of Consumer Research 34.
62. Wilcox, Clyde. 1995. The Latest American Revolution? New York: St. Martin's Press.
63. Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
64. Zuckerman, Alan S., ed. 2005. The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.