Evaluation of side effects and patients' perceptions during tooth bleaching

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 355-364

  Leonard Jr , Ralph H ^a   Smith, Lynn R ^a   Garland, Glenn E ^a   Tiwana, Karen K ^a   Zaidel, Lynette A ^b   Pugh Jr , George ^b   Lin, Nora C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b Technology Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRUG DERIVATIVE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OXIDIZING AGENT; PEROXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UREA; UREA PEROXIDE;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENTAL CARE; DENTIN SENSITIVITY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG COMBINATION; FEMALE; GINGIVA DISEASE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; DENTIN SENSITIVITY; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG COMBINATIONS; FEMALE; GINGIVAL DISEASES; HUMANS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; MALE; OXIDANTS; PEROXIDES; QUESTIONNAIRES; TOOTH BLEACHING; UREA;

EID: 36249024810     PISSN: 14964155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00136.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1989 20 : 173 6.
2. Haywood VB, Leonard RH, Nelson CF, Brunson WD. Effectiveness, side effects, and long-term status of nightguard vital bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 1994 125 : 1219 26.
3. Matis BA, Cochran MA, Eckert G, Carlson TJ. The efficacy and safety of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. Quintessence Int 1998 29 : 555 63.
4. Barnes DM, Kihn PW, Romberg E, et al. Clinical evaluation of a new 10% carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agent. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998 19 : 968-72, 977-8
5. Russell CM, Dickinson GL, Johnson MH, et al. Dentist-supervised home bleaching with ten percent carbamide peroxide gel: a six-month study. J Esthet Dent 1996 8 : 177 82.
6. Swift EJ, May KN, Wilder AD, et al. Six-month clinical evaluation of a tooth whitening system using an innovative experimental design. J Esthet Dent 1997 9 : 265 74.
7. Reinhardt JW, Eivins SE, Swift EJ, Denehy GE. A clinical study of nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1993 24 : 379 85.
8. Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr., Bayne SC, et al. Clinical evaluation of two carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998 19 : 359 62.
9. Leonard RH, Haywood VB, Eagle JC, et al. Nightguard vital bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth: 54 months post-treatment. J Esthet Dent 1999 11 : 265 77.
10. Leonard RH, Bentley C, Eagle JC, et al. Nightguard vital bleaching - a long-term study on efficacy, shade retention, side effects and patients' perception. J Esthet Restor Dent 2001 13 : 357 69.
11. Curtis JW, Dickinson GL, Downey MC, et al. Assessing the effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide on oral soft tissue. J Am Dent Assoc 1996 127 : 1218 23.
12. Curtis JW Jr., Dickinson GL, Myers ML, Russell CM. Evaluating the effects of a dentist-supervised, patient-applied carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on oral soft tissues. J Esthet Dent 1995 7 : 18 25.
13. Ritter AV, Leonard RH, St Georges AJ, et al. Safety and stability of nightguard vital bleaching 9 to 12 years post-treatment. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002 14 : 275 85.
14. Myers ML, Browning WD, Downey MC, Hackman ST. Clinical evaluation of a 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening gel. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003 15 : 50 6.
15. Mokhlis GR, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Eckert GJ. A clinical evaluation of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide whitening agents during daytime use. J Am Dent Assoc 2000 131 : 1269 77.
16. Li Y, Lee SS, Cartwright SL, Wilson AC. Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of three professional at-home tooth whitening systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003 24 : 357 78.
17. Donly KJ, Gerlach RW. Clinical trials on the use of whitening strips in children and adolescents. Gen Dent 2002 50 : 242 5.
18. Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Pozos-Guillen AJ, Hernandez-Hernandez F, et al. Effectiveness of treatment with carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in subjects affected by dental fluorosis: a clinical trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2003 28 : 63 7.
19. Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Vital bleaching with whitening strips: summary of clinical research on effectiveness and tolerability. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001 2 : 1 16.
20. Gerlach RW, Gibb RD, Sagel PA. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000 21 (Suppl 29 16 21.
21. Kugel G, Kastali S. Tooth whitening efficacy and safety: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000 21 (Suppl 29 22 8.
22. Gerlach RW, Barker ML. Clinical response of three direct-to-consumer whitening products: strips, paint-on gel and dentifrice. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003 24 : 458 70.
23. Date RF, Yue J, Barlow AP, et al. Delivery, substantivity and clinical response of a direct application percarbonate tooth whitening film. Am J Dent 2003 16 (Special Issue 3B 8B.
24. Nathoo S, Giniger M, Proskin H, et al. Comparative 3-week clinical tooth shade evaluation of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 10% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002 23 (Suppl 11 12 7.
25. Santarpia P, Curtis J, Collins M, et al. Colgate Simply White: fundamental technology development. J Dent Res 2004 83 (Special Issue):Abstract #2141.
26. Slezak B, Santarpia P, Xu T, et al. Safety profile of a new liquid whitening gel. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002 23 (Suppl 11 4 11.
27. Smith LR, Leonard RH, Eagle JC, et al. Efficacy of desensitizing gel in reducing tooth sensitivity during whitening. J Dent Res 2001 80 : 246, Abstract #1683.
28. Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38 (Suppl): 610-6.
29. Jorgensen MG, Carroll WB. Incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 2002 133 : 1076 82.
30. Leonard RH, Smith LR, Garland GE, Caplan DJ. Desensitizing agent efficacy during whitening in an at-risk population. J Esthet Restor Dent 2004 16 : 49 56.
31. Haywood VB, Caughman WF, Frazier KB, Myers ML. Tray delivery of potassium nitrate-fluoride to reduce bleaching sensitivity. Quintessence Int 2001 32 : 105 9.
32. Jerome CE. Acute care for unusual cases of dentinal hypersitivity. Quintessence Int 1995 26 : 715 6.
33. Pohjola RM, Browning WD, Hackman ST, et al. Sensitivity and tooth whitening agents. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002 14 : 85 91.
34. Leonard RH, Garland GE, Eagle JC, Caplan DJ. Safety issues when using a 16% carbamide peroxide whitening solution. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002 14 : 358 67.