메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 257-265

"Provide it ... But will they come?": A look at African American and Hispanic visits to federal recreation areas

Author keywords

Federal lands; Forest recreation; Minority visitation; National forests

Indexed keywords

FEES AND CHARGES; LAND USE; PUBLIC WORKS; RECREATION CENTERS;

EID: 36249001248     PISSN: 00221201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 36248936851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BERKELEY-CHARLESTON-DORCHESTER COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS, Available online at, last retrieved by staff November 2002
    • BERKELEY-CHARLESTON-DORCHESTER COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS. 2002. General population data: By planning area & census tract. Available online at www.bcdcog.com/Quick Facts.htm; last retrieved by staff November 2002.
    • (2002) General population data: By planning area & census tract
  • 2
    • 0002695605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User fees for recreation services on public lands: A national assessment
    • BOWKER, J.M., H.K. CORDELL., AND C.Y. JOHNSON. 1999. User fees for recreation services on public lands: A national assessment. J. Park Recreat. Administr. 17(3):1-14.
    • (1999) J. Park Recreat. Administr , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-14
    • BOWKER, J.M.1    CORDELL, H.K.2    JOHNSON, C.Y.3
  • 3
    • 36248998484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHAVEZ, D.J. 2001. Managing outdoor recreation in California: Visitor contact studies 1989- 1998. USDA For. Serv. PSW-GTR-180, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. p. 1-100.
    • CHAVEZ, D.J. 2001. Managing outdoor recreation in California: Visitor contact studies 1989- 1998. USDA For. Serv. PSW-GTR-180, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. p. 1-100.
  • 4
    • 0036647450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive management in outdoor recreation: Serving Hispanics in Southern California
    • CHAVEZ, D.J. 2002. Adaptive management in outdoor recreation: Serving Hispanics in Southern California. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3): 129-133.
    • (2002) West. J. Appl. For , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-133
    • CHAVEZ1    J., D.2
  • 5
    • 0036186538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreation and the environment as cultural dimensions in contemporary American society
    • CORDELL, H.K., G.T. GREEN., AND C. J. BETZ. 2002. Recreation and the environment as cultural dimensions in contemporary American society. Leisure Sci. 24(l):13-41.
    • (2002) Leisure Sci , vol.24 , Issue.L , pp. 13-41
    • CORDELL, H.K.1    GREEN, G.T.2    BETZ, C.J.3
  • 7
    • 36248980058 scopus 로고
    • Presidential documents, setting customer service standards
    • FEDERAL REGISTER, September 4, Available online at, last accessed by staff Oct. 27,2006
    • FEDERAL REGISTER. 1993. Presidential documents, setting customer service standards. Fed. Regist. 58 (September 4):176. [Available online at www. archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/pdf/ 12862.pdf; last accessed by staff Oct. 27,2006.]
    • (1993) Fed. Regist , vol.58 , pp. 176
  • 8
    • 0001119963 scopus 로고
    • Presidential documents, federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations
    • FEDERAL REGISTER, February 16, Available online at, last accessed by staff Oct. 27, 2006
    • FEDERAL REGISTER. 1994. Presidential documents, federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations. Fed. Regist. 59 (February 16):32. [Available online at www.archives.gov/federal-rcgister/executive-orders/pdf/12898.pdf; last accessed by staff Oct. 27, 2006.]
    • (1994) Fed. Regist , vol.59 , pp. 32
  • 9
    • 0002436066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research
    • FLOYD, M.F. 1998. Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. J. Leisure Res. 30(l):3-22.
    • (1998) J. Leisure Res , vol.30 , Issue.L , pp. 3-22
    • FLOYD1    F., M.2
  • 10
    • 0001967049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity and use of the national park system
    • 2 Spring/Summer
    • FLOYD, M.F. 1999. Race, ethnicity and use of the national park system. Soc. Sci. Res. Rev. 1(2 Spring/Summer):24.
    • (1999) Soc. Sci. Res. Rev , vol.1 , pp. 24
    • FLOYD1    F., M.2
  • 11
    • 4944248161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who owns the land? Agricultural land ownership by race/ethnicity
    • Available online at, last accessed by staff Apr.17, 2006
    • GILBERT, J., S.D. WOOD, AND G. SHARP. 2002. Who owns the land? Agricultural land ownership by race/ethnicity. Rural Am. 17(4): 55-62. [Available online at www.ers.usd-a.gov/publications/ruralamerica/ ra174/ra174h.pdf; last accessed by staff Apr.17, 2006.]
    • (2002) Rural Am , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 55-62
    • GILBERT, J.1    WOOD, S.D.2    SHARP, G.3
  • 12
    • 36248951859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRAMANN, J.H. 1996. Ethnicity, race, and outdoor recreation: A review of trends, policy, and research. Misc. Pap. R-96-1, March, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC. 72 p.
    • GRAMANN, J.H. 1996. Ethnicity, race, and outdoor recreation: A review of trends, policy, and research. Misc. Pap. R-96-1, March, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC. 72 p.
  • 13
    • 0004296209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1004 p
    • GREENE, W.H. 2000. Econometric analysis, 4th Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1004 p.
    • (2000) Econometric analysis
    • GREENE1    H., W.2
  • 14
    • 16344391289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venture Publishing, Inc, State College, PA. 368 p
    • JACKSON, E.L. 2005. Constraints to leisure. Venture Publishing, Inc., State College, PA. 368 p.
    • (2005) Constraints to leisure
    • JACKSON1    L., E.2
  • 15
    • 1442266487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American wildland memories
    • JOHNSON, C.Y., AND J.M. BOWKER. 2004. African American wildland memories. Environ. Ethics 26(l):57-75.
    • (2004) Environ. Ethics , vol.26 , Issue.L , pp. 57-75
    • JOHNSON, C.Y.1    BOWKER, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 84937335677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor recreation constraints: An examination of race, gender, and rural dwelling
    • JOHNSON, C.Y., J.M. BOWKER., AND H.K. CORDELL. 2001. Outdoor recreation constraints: An examination of race, gender, and rural dwelling. J. South. Rural Sociol. 17(1): 111-133.
    • (2001) J. South. Rural Sociol , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-133
    • JOHNSON, C.Y.1    BOWKER, J.M.2    CORDELL, H.K.3
  • 17
    • 33646241043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two towns: Black and white municipalities respond to urban growth in the South Carolina lowcountry
    • JOHNSON, C.Y., AND M. FLOYD. 2006. A tale of two towns: Black and white municipalities respond to urban growth in the South Carolina lowcountry. Hum. Ecol. Rev. 13(1):23-38.
    • (2006) Hum. Ecol. Rev , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-38
    • JOHNSON, C.Y.1    FLOYD, M.2
  • 18
    • 36248983446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEEKER, J.W. 1973. Red, white, and Black in the national parks. P. 195-205 in On interpretation: Sociology for interpreters of natural resource and cultural history, Machlis, G.E., and D.R. Field (eds.). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
    • MEEKER, J.W. 1973. Red, white, and Black in the national parks. P. 195-205 in On interpretation: Sociology for interpreters of natural resource and cultural history, Machlis, G.E., and D.R. Field (eds.). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
  • 19
    • 0001192140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functionalist approach to user fees
    • MORE, T. 1999. A functionalist approach to user fees. J. Leisure Res. 31(3):227-244.
    • (1999) J. Leisure Res , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-244
    • MORE, T.1
  • 20
    • 79955618706 scopus 로고
    • Participation in outdoor recreation: Factors affecting demand among American adults
    • US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 94 p
    • MUELLER, E., G. GURIN, AND M. WOOD. 1962. Participation in outdoor recreation: Factors affecting demand among American adults. Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission Study Rep. 20, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 94 p.
    • (1962) Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission Study Rep , vol.20
    • MUELLER, E.1    GURIN, G.2    WOOD, M.3
  • 21
    • 36248930675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NATIONAL VISITOR USE MONITORING SURVEY, Data on file with Donald English, Program Manager, Visitor Use Monitoring Project, Washington, DC
    • NATIONAL VISITOR USE MONITORING SURVEY. 2004. Unpublished demographic results for 2002-2003. Data on file with Donald English, Program Manager, Visitor Use Monitoring Project, Washington, DC.
    • (2004) Unpublished demographic results for 2002-2003
  • 22
    • 36248967856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US For. Serv. Available online at: www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvam/; date last accessed by staff
    • NATIONAL VISITOR USE REPORT, Apr. 17
    • NATIONAL VISITOR USE REPORT. 2004. US For. Serv. Available online at: www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvam/; date last accessed by staff Apr. 17, 2006.
    • (2004)
  • 23
    • 0008705603 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variation in leisure behavior: The Indiana case
    • Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 45 p
    • O'LEARY, J.T., AND P. BENJAMIN. 1982. Ethnic variation in leisure behavior: The Indiana case. Station Bull. 349, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 45 p.
    • (1982) Station Bull , vol.349
    • O'LEARY, J.T.1    BENJAMIN, P.2
  • 24
    • 0036247390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a constraints model within the context of nature-based tourism
    • PENNINGTON-GRAY, L.A., AND D.L. KERSTETTER. 2002. Testing a constraints model within the context of nature-based tourism. J. Travel Res. 40(4):416-423.
    • (2002) J. Travel Res , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 416-423
    • PENNINGTON-GRAY, L.A.1    KERSTETTER, D.L.2
  • 25
    • 0026269319 scopus 로고
    • Race, region, and earnings: Blacks and whites in the south
    • RANKIN, B.H., AND W.W. FALK. 1991. Race, region, and earnings: Blacks and whites in the south. Rural Sociol, 56(2):224-237.
    • (1991) Rural Sociol , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 224-237
    • RANKIN, B.H.1    FALK, W.W.2
  • 26
    • 36248960790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RECREATION AND TOURISM STATISTICS UPDATE. 2006. Participation in outdoor recreation activities by people living near the Chattahoochee National Forest, Georgia. Update Rep. 11, March 2006. Available online at www.srs.fs.usda.gpv/trends/RECUPDATES/ChattNF/rs11.html; date retrieved Apr. 3, 2006.
    • RECREATION AND TOURISM STATISTICS UPDATE. 2006. Participation in outdoor recreation activities by people living near the Chattahoochee National Forest, Georgia. Update Rep. 11, March 2006. Available online at www.srs.fs.usda.gpv/trends/RECUPDATES/ChattNF/rs11.html; date retrieved Apr. 3, 2006.
  • 27
    • 0021538164 scopus 로고
    • Pricing for efficiency and revenue in public recreation areas
    • ROSENTHAL, D.H., J.B. Loomis., AND G.L. PETERSON. 1984. Pricing for efficiency and revenue in public recreation areas. J. Leisure Res. 16(3):195-208.
    • (1984) J. Leisure Res , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-208
    • ROSENTHAL, D.H.1    Loomis, J.B.2    PETERSON, G.L.3
  • 28
    • 0038476123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity, and natural resources in the United States: A review
    • SCHELHAS, J. 2002. Race, ethnicity, and natural resources in the United States: A review. Nat. Resour. J. 42(4):723-763.
    • (2002) Nat. Resour. J , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 723-763
    • SCHELHAS, J.1
  • 29
    • 2342539677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the relationship between race and leisure activities and constraints: Exploring an alternative framework
    • SHINEW, K., M. FLOYD, AND D. PARRY. 2004. Understanding the relationship between race and leisure activities and constraints: Exploring an alternative framework. Leisure Sci. 26(2):181-199.
    • (2004) Leisure Sci , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-199
    • SHINEW, K.1    FLOYD, M.2    PARRY, D.3
  • 30
    • 3543008012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future trends in society and technology: Implications for wildernes research and management
    • Rocky Mountain Research Station
    • STANKEY, G.H. 2000. Future trends in society and technology: Implications for wildernes research and management. US For. Serv. Proc. RMRS-P-15, Vol. 1, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 10-23 p.
    • (2000) US For. Serv. Proc. RMRS-P-15 , vol.1 , pp. 10-23
    • STANKEY1    H., G.2
  • 32
    • 16344388449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Data Profile. Available online at, last accessed by staff Aug. 26, 2004
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2004a. American community survey. 2003 Data Profile. Available online at www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/ Profiles/Single/2003/ACS/GA.htm; last accessed by staff Aug. 26, 2004.
    • (2003) American community survey
  • 33
    • 0003584022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Available online at, last accessed by staff May 3
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2004b. State and county quick facts. Washington, DC. Available online at www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/ states/; last accessed by staff May 3, 2005.
    • (2004) State and county quick facts
  • 34
    • 27644544068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Available on line at, last accessed by staff Oct. 19
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2004c. Interim projections by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Washington, DC. Available on line at www.census.gov/ipc/www/usinterimproj/; last accessed by staff Oct. 19, 2006.
    • (2004) Interim projections by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
  • 35
    • 36248947482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Operators by Race. Available online at, last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 2006
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2005. Census of Agriculture 2002 (updated 2005). Washington, DC. Operators by Race. Available online at www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/operatorsbyrace/opbyrace.txt]; last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 2006.
    • (2005) Census of Agriculture 2002 (updated 2005
  • 36
    • 0003584022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Available online at, last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 06000.html; www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0644000.html
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2006a. State and county quick facts. Washington, DC. Available online at www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/ 06000.html; www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0644000.html; last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 2006.
    • (2006) State and county quick facts
  • 37
    • 0003584022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Available online at, last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 06000.html; www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53000.html
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2006b. State and county quick facts. Washington, DC. Available online at www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/ 06000.html; www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53000.html; last accessed by staff Apr. 19, 2006.
    • (2006) State and county quick facts
  • 38
    • 0003584022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC. Available online at, last accessed by staff Mar. 27
    • US CENSUS BUREAU. 2007. State and county quick facts. Washington, DC. Available online at www.quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/ 01000.html; last accessed by staff Mar. 27, 2007.
    • (2007) State and county quick facts
  • 40
    • 0018919232 scopus 로고
    • Black underparticipation in wildland recreation: Alternative explanations
    • WASHBURNE, R.F. 1978. Black underparticipation in wildland recreation: Alternative explanations. Leisure Sci. 1(2):175-189.
    • (1978) Leisure Sci , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-189
    • WASHBURNE1    F., R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.