Re-thinking the "inter" in International Politics

Millennium: Journal of International Studies

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 495-511

  Kratochwil, Friedrich ^a  

^a EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36248961244     PISSN: 03058298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/03058298070350030801     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ulrich Beck, Die Erfindung des Politischen (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1993).
2. Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986 and 1993).
3. See, e.g., Brian Turner, 'Liberal Citizenship and Cosmopolitan Virtue', in Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era, ed. Andrew Vandenberg (Basingstroke: Palgrave, 2000).
4. See, e.g., Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony and Solidarity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
5. Philippe Schmitter, How to Democratize the European Union... and Why Bother (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000), 28.
6. Madison, Federalist 10, in The Federalist Papers, ed. Clinton Rossiter (New York: Mentor, 1961).
7. For an extended argument see my 'Moles, Martyrs and Sleepers: The End of the Hobbesian Project?', Ethnologia Europaea, 33, no. 2 (2003): 57-68.
8. See, e.g., Selya Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, Citizens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
9. See Thomas Nagel, The View from Nowhere (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986).
10. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, trans. J. A. K. Thompson (Harmondswoth: Penguin), Bk III, ch. 3, at 84f.
11. See Alex Wendt, 'Anarchy Is What the States Make of It', International Organization, 46, no. 2 (1992): 391-425.
12. See Oran Young, International Governance (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), particularly ch. 4.
13. The term seems to have been used already, in classical times, sometimes in the sense of 'my interest' or as the collective interest of the (Roman) people (although the common preference could be interpreted as that bond that existed between them). Finally it was used to mark the in-between of the me and the you, as suggested by Hume. See Oxford Latin Dictonary, 'interest'.
14. See Friedrich Kratochwil, 'On the Notion of Interest in International Relations', International Organization, 36, no.1 (1982): 1-30.
15. See Thomas Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), 124.
16. Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), 74ff.
17. James Davis, Threats and Promises: The Pursuit of International Influence (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).
18. Tom Connolly, The Terms of Discourse, 2nd edn (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983), 36ff.
19. Plato, Republic, Bk VI, 488a-489d, in The Collected Diaologues of Plato, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961), 724ff.
20. See Jean-Jaques Rousseau, Social Contract, ed. Lester Crocker (New York: Washington Square Press, 1976), Bk II, ch. 3.
21. See Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil, 'Revisiting the National: Towards an Identity Agenda in Neorealism?', in The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory, ed. Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996), ch. 6.
22. 'We become aware of the existence of a right to have rights... and to belong to some kind of organized community, only when millions of people emerge who had lost and could not regain these rights because of the new global political situation', Hannh Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanivic, 1968), 177.
23. For a further discussion of these problems see Friedrich Kratochwil, ' The Politics of Place and Origin' in Confronting the Political in International Relations, ed. Michi Ebata and Beverly Neufeld (London: Millennium and Macmillan Press, 2000), ch. 8.
24. See the criticism by Allen Buchanan, 'Rawls and the Law of the Peoples: Rules for a Vanished Westphalian World', Ethics, 110, (July 2000): 697-721.
25. Michael Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
26. For a critical assessment of the 'revealed preference' see Amartya Sen, 'Behavior and the Concept of Preference', Economica, 40, (1973): 241-59.
27. For an interesting alternative to the predominant mode of analytical moral philosophy see Albert Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
28. On this point see my general criticism Frederich Kratochwil in 'Vergesst Kant! Reflexionen zur Debatte über Ethik und Internationale Politiki', in Politische Philosophie der internationalen Beziehungen, ed. Christine Chwaszcza and Wolfgang Kerstin (Frankfurt: Suhrskamp, 1998): 96-152.
29. See Ronald Dworkin's criticism on Hart's conception of law in Ronald Dworkin, 'Is Law a System of Rules', in The Philosophy of Law, ed. Ronald Dworkin (London: Oxford University Press, 1977), ch. 2.
30. Seyla Benhabis, 'The Kohlberg-Gilligan Controversy and Moral Theory', in Women and Moral Theory, ed. Eva Kittay and Diana Meyers (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1987), quoted at 166.
31. See, e.g., the monologue of Antigone justifying her deed before being buried in a cave by Creon. Here the particular circumstances of her family and not some universal law are adduced to explain and justify her action: 'No husband dead, and gone, no children lisping "mother" Ever could have forced me to withstand The city to its face. By what law do I assert so much? Just this: A husband dead, another can be found, A child replaced, but once a brother's lost (mother and father buried too) No other brother can be born or grows again, This is my principle, Which Creon stigmatized as criminal, My principle for honouring you, my dearest brother.' Sophocles, Antigone, 4th Act, in The Oedipus Plays, trans. Paul Roche (New York: Mentor, 1991), 231ff.
32. This seems to be the notion underlying 'exemplary' works such as in literature and (to a lesser extent) art. All of them depict people in their particular circumstances and historical limitations but it is through understanding their situatedness rather than being confronted with abstractions, which have stripped away any particularity, that we grasp the human predicament.
33. For a more extended discussion see Frederich Kratochwil 'History, Action and Identity', European Journal of International Relations, 12, no. 1 (2006): 5-39.
34. See the critical remarks by Ian Lustick, 'History, Historiography and Political Science', American Political Science Review, 90, (Sept. 1996): 605-18.
35. Davis Hume (1751), An Inquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. Charles Handel (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1957), sec 1, 'Of the General Principles of Morals', 3-9.
36. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L.A. Selby-Bigge (Oxford: Clarendon, 1951), 415.
37. For a general discussion, Annette C. Baier, A Progress of Sentiments (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991).
38. See for a general discussion, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976).
39. See the interesting discussion in M. Jaime Ferreira, 'Hume and Imagination: Sympathy and the Other', International Philosophical Quarterly, 34, no. 1 (1994): 39-57.
40. David Hume, A Treatise on Human Nature, ed. L.A. Selby-Bigge and P.H. Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978).
41. David Hume, Enquiries, ed. L.A. Seby-Bigge and P.H. Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1975).
42. Debra Satz and John Ferejohn, 'Rational Choice and Social Theory', The Journal of Philosophy, 91, no. 2 (1994): 71-87, at 77.
43. This reference, at 77fn. 19, is to J. Kagel, 'Economics According to the Rat (and Pigeons Too): What We have Learned and What We Hope to Learn', in Laboratory Experiments in Economics: Six Points of View, ed. A. Roth (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
44. John Mercer, 'Rationality and Psychology in International Politics', International Organization, 52, no.1 (2005): 77-106, at 83.
45. Albert Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970).