Optimization of FM spectroscopy parameters for a frequency locking loop in small scale CPT based atomic clocks

Optics Express

Volumn 15, Issue 23, 2007, Pages 15060-15065

  Ben Aroya, I ^a   Kahanov, M ^a   Eisenstein, G ^a  

^a TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FREQUENCY STABILITY; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; OPTIMIZATION; RUBIDIUM; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO;

BUFFER GASES; FREQUENCY LOCKED LOOPS; FREQUENCY MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPHERICAL GLASS CELLS;

FREQUENCY MODULATION;

EID: 36248960646     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.015060     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. J. Vanier, "Atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping: a review," Appl. Phys. B 81, 421-442 (2005).
2. S. Knappe, P.D.D. Schwindt, V. Shah, L. Liew, J. Moreland, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, "A chip-scale atomic clock based on 87Rb with improved frequency stability," Opt. express 13, 1249-1253 (2005).
3. R. Lutwak, P. Vlitas, M. Varghese, M. Mescher, D. K. Serkland and G. M. Peake, "The MAC - a Miniature Atomic Clock," in proceedings of 2005 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control (UFFC) Symposium and the 37th Annual Precise Time & Time Interval (PTTI) Systems & Applications Meeting, D. Coler, ed. (Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2005), pp. 752-757.
4. R. Lutwak, A. Rashed, M. Varghese, G. Tepolt, J. Leblanc, M. Mescher,D. K. Serkland and G. M. Peake, "The Miniature Atomic Clock-Pre-Production Results," in proceedings of Time Nav'07: Joint 21th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) & IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IEEE-FCS), D. Coler, ed. (Geneva, Switzerland, 2007), pp. 1327-1333.
5. N. Cyr, M. Têtu and M. Breton, "All-optical microwave frequency standard: a proposal," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42, 640-649 (1993).
6. D. V. Kuksenkov, H. Temkin and S. Swirhun, "Polarization instability and relative intensity noise in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,"Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2141-2143 (1995).
7. V. Gerginov, V. Shah, S. Knappe, P. D. D. Schwindt, L. Hollberg and J. Kitching, "Atom-based stabilization for laser-pumped atomic clocks," in Proceedings of the 20th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF), D. Coler, ed. (Braunschweig, Germany, 2006), pp. 224-228.
8. 87Rb atomic clock employing a small spherical glass vapor cell", in Proceedings of the 38th Annual Precise Time & Time Interval (PTTI) Systems & Applications Meeting, L. A. Breakiron, ed. (Reston, VA, USA, 2006), pp. 259-270.
9. G. C. Bjorklund, M. D. Levenson, W. Lenth and C. Ortiz, "Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy - Theory of lineshapes and signal-to-noise analysis," Appl. Phys. B. 32, 145-152 (1983).
10. M. Gehrtz, G. C. Bjorklund and E. A. Whittaker, "Quantum-limited frequency-modulation spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 2, 1510-1526 (1985).
11. R. Wynands and A. Nagel, "Inversion of frequency-modulation spectroscopy line shapes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 16, 1617-1622 (1999).
12. J. Kitching, H. G. Robinson, L. Hollberg, S. Knappe and R. Wynands, "Optical-noise in laser-pumped, alloptical microwave frequency references," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 18, 1676-1683 (2001).
13. J. Kitching, S. Knappe, N. Vukicevic, L. Hollberg, R. Wynands and W. Wiedmann, "A microwave frequency reference based on VCSEL-driven dark lineresonances in Cs vapor," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49, 1313-1317 (2000).
14. D. F. Phillips, I. Novikova, C. Y.-T. Wang, R. L. Walsworth and M. Crescimanno, "Modulation-induced frequency shifts in a coherent-population- trapping-based atomic clock," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 22, 305-310 (2005).