Interplay of sediment supply, river incision, and channel morphology revealed by the transient evolution of an experimental bedrock channel

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 2007, Pages

  Finnegan, Noah J ^a,b   Sklar, Leonard S ^c   Fuller, Theodore K ^d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Institute for the Study of the Continents   (United States)

^c SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e National Center for Earth Surface Dynamics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; BEDLOAD; BEDROCK; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; RIVER CHANNEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

EID: 36248949542     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699011     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000569     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Brandon, M. T., and N. M. Gasparini (2005), A power-law approximation for fluvial incision by tools and bed-coverage processes, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H53D-0515.
2. Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery (1997), A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers, Water Resour. Res., 33, 1993-2030.
3. Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery (1999a), Effects of sediment supply on surface textures of gravel-bed rivers, Water Resour. Res., 35, 3523-3530.
4. Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery (1999b), Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel-bed rivers, Water Resour Res., 35, 3507-3521.
5. Carter, C. L., and R. S. Anderson (2006), Fluvial erosion of physically modeled abrasion-dominated slot canyons, Geomorphology, 81, 89-113.
6. Davis, J. R., L. S. Sklar, G. I. Demeter, J. P. Johnson, and K. X. Whipple (2005), The influence of bed roughness on partial alluviation in an experimental bedrock channel, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H53D-0508.
7. Demeter, G. I., L. S. Sklar, and J. R. Davis (2005), The influence of variable sediment supply and bed roughness on the spatial distribution of incision in a laboratory bedrock channel, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H53D-0519.
8. Dietrich, W. E., J. W. Kirchner, H. Ikeda, and F. Iseya (1989), Sediment supply and the development of the coarse surface layer in gravel-bedded rivers, Nature, 340, 215-217.
9. Dingman, S. L. (1984), Fluvial Hydrology, 383 pp., W. H. Freeman, New York.
10. Duvall, A., E. Kirby, and D. Burbank (2004), Tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel profiles and processes in coastal California, J. Geophys. Res., 109, F03002, doi:10.1029/ 2003JF000086.
11. Finnegan, N. J., G. Roe, D. R. Montgomery, and B. Hallet (2005), Controls on the channel width of rivers: Implications for modeling fluvial incision of bedrock, Geology, 33, 229-232.
12. Gasparini, N. M., R. L. Bras, and K. X. Whipple (2006), Numerical modeling of non-steady-state river profile evolution using a sediment-flux-dependent incision model, in Tectonics, Climate and Landscape Evolution, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., vol. 398, edited by S. D. Willett et al., pp. 27-141, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, Colo.
13. Gilbert, G. K. (1877), Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains, 160 pp., U.S. Gov. Print. Off., Washington, D. C.
14. Hartshorn, K., N. Hovius, W. B. Dade, and R. L. Slingerland (2002), Climate-driven bedrock incision in an active mountain belt, Science, 297, 2036-2038.
15. Howard, A. D. (1994), A detachment-limited model of drainage basin evolution, Water Resour. Res., 30, 2261-2285.
16. Huang, C., I. White, E. G. Thwaite, and A. Bendeli (1988), A noncontact laser system for measuring soil surface topography, Soil Soc. Am. J., 52, 350-355.
17. Ikeda, H., and F. Iseya (1988), Experimental study of heterogeneous sediment transport, Pap. 12, Environ. Res. Cent., Univ. of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
18. Johnson, J. P., and K. X. Whipple (2007), Feedbacks between erosion and sediment transport in experimental bedrock channels, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 32, 1048-1062.
19. Kirchner, J. W., W. E. Dietrich, F. Iseya, and H. Ikeda (1990), The variability of critical shear stress, friction angle, and grain protrusion in waterworked sediments, Sedimentology, 37, 647-672.
20. Kooi, H., and C. Beaumont (1994), Escarpment evolution on high-elevation rifted margins: Insights derived from a surface processes model that combines diffusion, advection, and reaction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,191-12,209.
21. Lague, D., N. Hovius, and P. Davy (2005), Discharge, discharge variability, and the bedrock channel profile, J. Geophys. Res., 110, F04006, doi:10.1029/2004JF000259.
22. Lavé, J., and J. P. Avouac (2001), Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 26,561-26,592.
23. Manga, M., and J. W. Kirchner (2000), Stress partitioning in streams by large woody debris, Water Resour. Res., 36, 2373-2379.
24. Molnar, P., and P. England (1990), Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: Chicken and egg?, Nature, 346, 29-34.
25. Molnar, P., R. S. Anderson, G. Kier, and J. Rose (2006), Relationships among probability distributions of stream discharges in floods, climate, bed load transport, and river incision, J. Geophys. Res., 111, F02001, doi:10.1029/2005JF000310.
26. Montgomery, D. R., and K. B. Gran (2001), Downstream variations in the width of bedrock channels, Water Resour. Res., 37, 1841-1846.
27. Montgomery, D. R., T. B. Abbe, J. M. Buffington, N. P. Peterson, K. M. Schmidt and J. D. Stock (1996), Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins, Nature, 381, 587-589.
28. Montgomery, D. R., N. J. Finnegan, A. Anders, and B. Hallet (2002), Downstream adjustment of channel width to spatial gradients in rates of rock uplift at Namche Barwa, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 34, 241.
29. Mullins, H. T. (1989), Erosion and infill of New York's Finger Lakes: Implications for Laurentide ice sheet deglaciation, Geology, 17, 622-625.
30. Roe, G. H., D. R. Montgomery, and B. Hallet (2002), Effects of orographic precipitation variations on the concavity of steady-state river profiles, Geology, 30, 143-146.
31. Seidl, M. A., W. E. Dietrich, and J. W. Kirchner (1994), Longitudinal profile development into bedrock; an analysis of Hawaiian channels, J. Geol., 102, 457-474.
32. Sheperd, R. G., and S. A. Schumm (1974), Experimental study of river incision, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 85, 257-268.
33. Sklar, L. S., and W. E. Dietrich (1998), River longitudinal profiles and bedrock incision models: Stream power and the influence of sediment supply, in Rivers Over Rock: Fluvial Processes in Bedrock Channels, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 107, edited by K. J. Tinkler and E. E. Wohl, pp. 237-260, AGU, Washington, D. C.
34. Sklar, L. S., and W. E. Dietrich (2001), Sediment and rock strength controls on river incision into bedrock, Geology, 29, 1087-1090.
35. Sklar, L. S., and W. E. Dietrich (2004), A mechanistic model for river incision into bedrock by saltating bed load, Water Resour. Res., 40, W06301, doi:10.1029/2003WR002496.
36. Sklar, L. S., and W. E. Dietrich (2006), The role of sediment in controlling bedrock channel slope: Implications of the saltation-abrasion incision model, Geomorphology, 82, 58-83, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.08.019.
37. Sklar, L. S., J. D. Stock, J. J. Roering, J. W. Kirchner, W. E. Dietrich, W. Chi, L. Hsu, M. Hsieh, S. Tsao, and M. Chen (2005), Evolution of fault scarp knickpoints following 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in west-central Taiwan, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H34A-06.
38. Sklar, L. S., W. E. Dietrich, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, B. Lashermes, and D. Bellugi (2006), Do gravel bed river size distributions record channel network structure?, Water Resour. Res., 42, W06D18, doi:10.1029/ 2006WR005035.
39. Snyder, N. P., K. X. Whipple, G. E. Tucker, and D. J. Merritts (2003), Importance of a stochastic distribution of floods and erosion thresholds in the bedrock river incision problem, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2117, doi:10.1029/2001JB001655.
40. Stark, C. P. (2006), A self-regulating model of bedrock river channel geometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04402, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023193.
41. Stock, J., and W. E. Dietrich (2003), Valley incision by debris flows: Evidence of a topographic signature, Water Resour. Res., 39(4), 1089, doi:10.1029/2001WR001057.
42. Tinkler, K. J. (1997), Critical flow in rockbed streams with estimated values for Manning's n, Geomorphology, 20, 47-164.
43. Tucker, G. E. (2004), Drainage basin sensitivity to tectonic and climatic forcing: Implications of a stochastic model for the role of entrainment and erosion thresholds, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 29, 185-205.
44. van der Beek, P., and P. Bishop (2003), Cenozoic river profile development in the Upper Lachlan catchment (SE Australia) as a test of quantitative fluvial incision models, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B6), 2309, doi:10.1029/2002JB002125.
45. Whipple, K. X., and G. E. Tucker (1999), Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,661-17,674.
46. Whipple, K. X., and G. E. Tucker (2002), Implications of sediment-flux-dependent river incision models for landscape evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2039, doi:10.1029/2000JB000044.
47. Whipple, K. X., G. S. Hancock, and R. S. Anderson (2000), River incision into bedrock: Mechanics and the relative efficacy of plucking, abrasion, and cavitation, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 112, 490-503.
48. Wobus, C. W., G. E. Tucker, and R. S. Anderson (2006), Self-formed bedrock channels, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18408, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL027182.
49. Wohl, E. E. (2000), Mountain Rivers, Water Resour. Monogr. Ser., vol. 14, 320 pp., AGU, Washington, D. C.
50. Wohl, E. E., and H. Achyuthan (2002), Substrate influences on incised-channel morphology, J. Geol., 110, 115-120.
51. Wohl, E. E., and H. Ikeda (1997), Experimental simulation of channel incision into a cohesive substrate at varying gradients, Geology, 25, 295-298.
52. Wohl, E. E., and H. Ikeda (1998), Patterns of bedrock channel erosion on the Boso Peninsula, Japan, J. Geol., 106, 331-345.
53. Wohl, E. E., D. M. Thompson, and A. J. Miller (1999), Canyons with undulating walls, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 949-959.
54. Yager, E., W. E. Dietrich, J. W. Kirchner, and B. W. McArdell (2005), Prediction of sediment transport and patch dynamics in a steep, rough stream, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H51H-03.