Wastewater-irrigated vegetables: Market handling versus irrigation water quality

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 12, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2007, Pages 2-7

  Ensink, Jeroen H J ^a,b   Mahmood, Tariq ^b   Dalsgaard, Anders ^c  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE   (Pakistan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Escherichia coli; Helminths; Irrigation; Pakistan; Vegetables; Wastewater

Indexed keywords

FECAL COLIFORM; FOOD SAFETY; IRRIGATION; VEGETABLE; WASTEWATER; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; HARVEST; HELMINTH; HOOKWORM; HYMENOLEPIS NANA; INFECTION PREVENTION; IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE); MARKET; NONHUMAN; TAENIA; TRICHURIS; VEGETABLE; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT; WATER QUALITY;

AGRICULTURE; ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA; ANIMALS; ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FRUIT; HUMANS; IRRIGATION; MALE; PAKISTAN; PARASITE EGG COUNT; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEWAGE; VEGETABLES; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER SUPPLY;

ASIA; EURASIA; FAISALABAD; PAKISTAN; PUNJAB [PAKISTAN]; SOUTH ASIA;

ESCHERICHIA COLI; VERMES;

EID: 36248942023     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01935.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Amoah P, Drechsel P Abaidoo RC (2005) Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: sources of pathogen contamination and health risk elimination. Irrigation and Drainage 54, S49 S61.
2. Armon R, Dosoretz CG, Azov Y Shelef G (1994) Residual contamination of crops irrigated with effluent of different qualities: a field study. Water, Science and Technology 30, 239 248.
3. Ayres RM Mara DD (1996) Analysis of Wastewater for Use in Agriculture: A Laboratory Manual of Parasitological and Bacteriological Techniques. WHO, Geneva.
4. Ayres RM, Stott R, Lee DL, Mara DD Silva SA (1992) Contamination of lettuce with nematode eggs by spray irrigation with treated and untreated wastewater. Water, Science and Technology 26, 1615 1623.
5. Blumenthal U Peasey A (2002) Critical Review of Epidemiological Evidence of the Health Effects of Wastewater and Excreta Use in agriculture. Unpublished document prepared for WHO (available upon request Geneva.
6. Brooker S, Bethony J Hotez PJ (2004) Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Advances in Parasitolology 58 197 288.
7. Ensink JHJ, Mahmood T, van der Hoek W, Raschid-Sally L Amerasinghe FP (2004) A nation-wide assessment of wastewater use in Pakistan: an obscure activity or a vitally important one? Water Policy 6 197 206.
8. Ensink JHJ, van der Hoek W, Mukhtar M, Tahir Z Amerasinghe FP (2005) High risk of hookworm infection among wastewater farmers in Pakistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99, 809 818.
9. Ensink JHJ, van der Hoek W Amerasinghe FP (2006) Giardia duodenalis infection and wastewater irrigation in Pakistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100, 538 542.
10. Feachem R, Bradley D, Garelick H Mara DD (1983) Sanitation and Disease: Health Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
11. Gilbert RJ, de Louvois J, Donovan T et al. (2000) Guidlines for the microbiological quality of some ready-to-eat foods sampled at the point of sale. Communicable Disease and Public Health 3, 163 167.
12. Klein BP (1987) Nutritional consequences of minimal processing of fruits and vegetables. Journal of Food Quality 10, 179 193.
13. Rhallabi N, Moundib R, Maarou M et al. (1990) Effects des irrigations avec des eaux brutes etée purées sur le sol, le rendement d'une culture de tomate et la qualité hygiénique de la récolte. Actes Institut Agronomiques et Vétérinaires Hassan II 10, 57 66.
14. Rosas I, Baez A Coutino M (1984) Bacteriological quality of crops irrigated with wastewater in the Xochimilco plots, Mexico City, Mexico. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47, 1074 1079.
15. Schwartzbrod J (1998) Methods of Analysis of Helminth Eggs and Cysts in Wastewater, Sludge, Soils and Crops. University Henry Poincare, Nancy.
16. Scott CA, Faruqui NI Raschid-Sally L (Eds 2004) Wastewater Use in Irrigated Agriculture: Confronting the Livelihood and Environmental Realities. CABI, Wallingford.
17. Seckler D, Amarasinghe U, Molden D, de Silva R Barker R (1998) World Water Demand and Supply 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and Issues. Research Report 19, International Water Management Institute, Colombo.
18. Shewfelt RL (1990) Sources of variation in the nutrient content of agricultural commodities from farm to consumer. Journal of Food Quality 13, 37 54.
19. Shuval HI, Adin A, Fattal B, Rawitz E Yekutiel P (1986) Wastewater Irrigation in Developing Countries: Health Effects and Technical Solutions. The World Bank, Washington.
20. Stien JL Schwartzbrod J (1990) Experimental contamination of vegetables with helminth eggs. Water, Science and Technology 22, 51 57.
21. UNPD (2005) World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision Population Database. http://esa.un.org/unup/ (Accessed July 2005).
22. Vaz da Costa Vargas S, Bastos RKX Mara DD (1996) Bacteriological Aspects of Wastewater Irrigation. University of Leeds, UK.
23. WHO (2006) Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater. Vol. 2 Wastewater Use in Agriculture. WHO, Geneva.