Central Antarctic provenance of Permian sandstones in Dronning Maud Land and the Karoo Basin: Integration of U-Pb and TDM ages and host-rock affinity from detrital zircons

Sedimentary Geology

Volumn 202, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 653-676

  Veevers, J J ^a   Saeed, A ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Central Antarctic provenance; Dronning Maud Land; Early Permian sandstone; Hf isotopes; Karoo Basin; U Pb ages

Indexed keywords

DETRITAL DEPOSIT; ELECTRON PROBE ANALYSIS; GLACIATION; GONDWANA; HAFNIUM; HOST ROCK; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA METHOD; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PERMIAN; PROVENANCE; SANDSTONE; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

AFRICA; ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; ELLISRAS BASIN; ELLSWORTH MOUNTAINS; KAAPVAAL CRATON; KAROO; LIMPOPO; LIMPOPO BELT; QUEEN MAUD LAND; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST ANTARCTICA;

EID: 36148999871     PISSN: 00370738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. 204Pb. Chemical Geology 192 (2002) 59-79
2. Andersen T., Griffin W.L., Jackson S.E., Knudsen T.-L., and Pearson N.J. Mid-Proterozoic magmatic arc evolution at the southwest margin of the Baltic Shield. Lithos 73 (2004) 289-318
3. Asami M., Suzuki K., and Grew E.S. Monazite and zircon dating by the chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron method (CHIME) from Alasheyev Bight to the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica: a reconnaissance study of the Mozambique suture in eastern Queen Maud Land. Journal of Geology 113 (2005) 59-82
4. Basson I.J., Perritt S., Watkeys K., and Menzies A.H. Geochemical correlation between metasediments of the Mfongosi Group of the Natal sector of the Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic province, South Africa and the Ahlmannryggen Group of the Grunehogna Province, Antarctica. Gondwana Research 7 (2004) 57-73
5. Bauer W., Hagemann H.W., Poscher G., Sachsenhofer R.F., and Spaeth G. Permian coals from western Dronning Maud Land - composition, environment, and the influence of Jurassic magmatism on their maturity. In: Ricci C.A. (Ed). The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes, Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (1997), Terra Antartica Publication, Siena 945-951
6. Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L., Shee S.R., Jackson S.E., and O'Reilly S.Y. Two age populations of zircons from the Timber Creek kimberlites, Northern Territory, Australia, as determined by laser ablation-ICPMS analysis. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48 (2001) 757-766
7. Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Fisher N.I. Igneous zircon: trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143 (2002) 602-622
8. Blichert-Toft J., Chauvel C., and Albarède F. The Lu-Hf geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148 (1997) 243-258
9. Erratum: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 154 (1998) 349
10. Bücksteeg A., Bauer W., and Spaeth G. Typologic studies of zircon populations from gneisses of the northern Heimefrontfjella (Antarctica). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 197 (1995) 253-273
11. Burke K., Ashwal L.D., and Webb S.J. New way to map old sutures using deformed ARCs. Geology 31 (2003) 391-394
12. Collinson J.W., Isbell J.L., Elliot D.H., Miller M.F., Miller J.M.G., and Veevers J.J. Permian-Triassic Transantarctic basin. Geological Society of America Memoir 184 (1994) 173-222
13. Croaker M., Jackson C., Armstrong R., Whitmore G.P., Lindsay P., and Mare L. The evolution of the Urfjell Group, western Dronning Maud Land: sedimentology, structure, isotope and geochemical constraints on the evolution of a strike slip basin. 8th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Science Wellington, New Zealand, 1999 (1999)
14. DeBeer J.H., Van Zijl J.S.V., and Gough D.I. The Southern Cape Conductive Belt (South Africa): its composition. Origin and tectonic significance. Tectonophysics 83 (1982) 205-225
15. DeWaele, B., 2004. The Proterozoic geological history of the Irumide belt, Zambia. PhD thesis, Curtin University, Perth.
16. DeWit M.J., Roering C., Hart R.J., Armstrong R.A., de Ronde C.E., Green R.W.E., Tredoux M., Pederby E., and Hart R.A. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature 357 (1992) 553-562
17. DeWit M.J., Richardson S.H., and Ashwal L.D. Kaapvaal Craton special volume - an introduction. South African Journal of Geology 107 (2004) 4-6
18. Dodson M.H., Compston W., Williams I.S., and Wilson J.F. A search for ancient detrital zircons in Zimbabwean sediments. Journal of the Geological Society of London 145 (1988) 977-983
19. Du Toit A.L. Our Wandering Continents (1937), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh
20. Eglington B.M., and Armstrong R.A. The Kaapvaal Craton and adjacent orogens, southern Africa: a geochronological database and overview of the geological development of the craton. South African Journal of Geology 107 (2004) 13-32
21. Faure K., Willis J.P., and Dreyer J.C. The Grootegeluk Formation in the Waterberg Coalfield, South Africa: facies, palaeoenvironment and thermal history - evidence from organic and clastic matter. International Journal of Coal Geology 29 (1996) 147-186
22. Ferré E.C., Wilson J., and Gleizes G. Magnetic susceptibility and AMS of Bushfeld alkaline granites, South Africa. Tectonophysics 307 (1999) 113-133
23. Fitzsimons I.C.W. Grenville-age basement provinces in East Antarctica: evidence for three separate collisional orogens. Geology 28 (2000) 879-882
24. Flowerdew M.J., Millar I.L., Vaughan A.P.M., Horstwood M.S.A., and Fanning C.M. The source of granitic gneisses and migmatites in the Antarctic Peninsula: a combined U-Pb SHRIMP and laser ablation Hf isotope study of complex zircons. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 151 (2006) 751-768
25. Flowerdew M.J., Millar I.L., Curtis M.L., Vaughan A.P.M., Horstwood M.S.A., Whitehouse M.J., and Fanning C.M. Combined U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry of detrital zircons from early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block, Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 119 (2007) 275-288
26. Frimmel H.E. Formation of a late Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: the South Africa-East Antarctica connection. In: Eriksson P.G., Altermann W., Nelson D.R., Mueller W.U., and Catuneanu O. (Eds). The Precambrian Earth: Tempos and Events (2004), Elsevier, Amsterdam 240-255
27. Gaina C., Müller R.D., Brown B., and Ishihara T. Microcontinent formation around Australia. In: Hillis R., and Muller R.D. (Eds). Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22 (2003) 399-410
28. Geological Society of America Special Paper 372, 399-410.
29. Gehrels G.E. Analytical methods (2006). www.geo.arizona.edu/alc/Analytical%20Methods.htm accessed 1 March 07
30. Gehrels G.E., Ruiz J., Valencia V.A., Pullen A., and Baker M. Detrital zircon U-Th-Pb geochronology by LA-MC-ICPMS at the Arizona LaserChron Center. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 38 7 (2006) 408
31. Gillis R.J., Gehrels G.E., Ruiz J., and Flores de Dios Gonzaléz L.A. Detrital zircon provenance of Cambrian-Ordovician and Carboniferous strata of the Oaxaca terrane, southern Mexico. Sedimentary Geology 182 (2005) 87-100
32. Golynsky A., and Jacobs J. Grenville-Age versus Pan-African magnetic anomaly imprints in Western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Journal of Geology 109 (2001) 136-142
33. Goodge J.W., Myrow P., Williams I.S., and Bowring S.A. Age and provenance of the Beardmore Group, Antarctica: constraints on Rodinia supercontinent breakup. Journal of Geology 110 (2002) 393-406
34. Goodge J.W., Williams I.S., and Myrow P. Provenance of Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks of the central Ross orogen, Antarctica: detrital record of rift-, passive-, and active-margin sedimentation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116 (2004) 1253-1279
35. Goscombe B., Gray D., Armstrong R., Foster D.A., and Vogl J. Event geochronology of the Pan-African Kaoko Belt, Namibia. Precambrian Research 140 (2005) 103-131
36. Gose W.A., Dalziel I.W.D., Helper M.A., Hutson F., and Connelly J. Paleomagnetic data and U-Pb isotopic age determinations from Coats Land, Antarctica: implications for late Proterozoic plate reconstructions. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (1997) 7887-7902
37. Grantham G.H., Jackson C., Moyes A.B., Groenewald P.B., Harris P.D., Ferrar G., and Krynauw J.R. The tectonothermal evolution of the Kirwanveggen-H.U. Sverdrupfjella areas, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Precambrian Research 75 (1995) 209-229
38. Grantham G.H., Eglington B.M., Thomas R.J., and Mendonidis P. The nature of the Grenville-age charnockitic A-type magmatism from the Natal, Namaqua and Maud Belts of southern Africa and western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Memoirs of the National Institute of Polar Research (Tokyo) 55 (2001) 59-86
39. Grantham G.H., Maboko M., and Eglington B.M. A review of the evolution of the Mozambique Belt and implications for the amalgamation and dispersal of Rodinia and Gondwana. In: Yoshida M., Windley B.F., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 206 (2003), Geological Society of London Special Publication 401-425
40. Griffin W.L., Pearson N.J., Belousova E., Jackson S.E., van Achterbergh E., O'Reilly S.Y., and Shee S.R. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64 (2000) 133-147
41. Griffin W.L., Wang X., Jackson S.E., Pearson N.J., O'Reilly S.Y., Xu X., and Zhou X. Zircon chemistry and magma genesis, SE China: in-situ analysis of Hf isotopes, Pingtan and Tonglu igneous complexes. Lithos 61 (2002) 237-269
42. Groenewald P.B., Moyes A.B., Grantham G.H., and Krynauw J.R. East Antarctic crustal evolution: geological constraints and modelling in western Dronning Maud Land. Precambrian Research 75 (1995) 231-250
43. Grosch E.G., Bisnath A., Frimmel H.E., and Board W.S. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of mafic rocks in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Maud Belt. Journal of the Geological Society of London 164 (2007) 465-475
44. Hanson R.E. Proterozoic geochronology and tectonic evolution of southern Africa. In: Yoshida M., Windley B.F., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 206 (2003), Geological Society of London Special Publication 427-463
45. Hargrove U.S., Hanson R.E., Martin M.W., Blenkinsop T.G., Bowring S.A., Walker N., and Munyanyiwa H. Tectonic evolution of the Zambezi orogenic belt: geochronological, structural, and petrological constraints from the northern Zimbabwe. Precambrian Research 123 (2003) 159-186
46. Harris P.D., Moyes A.B., Fanning C.M., and Armstrong R.A. Zircon ion microprobe results from Maudheim high-grade gneiss terrane, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Geological Society of South Africa Centennial Geocongress, Extended Abstracts 1 (1995) 240-243
47. Harris P.D., Moyes A.B., Fanning C.M., and Armstrong R.A. Zircon ion microprobe constraints on deformation of high-grade gneisses in the Kirwanveggen, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. VII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Abstracts (1995) 283
48. Harrowfield M., Holdgate G.R., Wilson C.J.L., and McLoughlin S. Tectonic significance of the Lambert graben, East Antarctica: reconstructing the Gondwanan rift. Geology 33 (2005) 197-200
49. Horstmann U.E., and Verwoerd W.J. Carbon and oxygen isotope variations in southern African carbonatites. Journal of African Earth Sciences 25 (1997) 115-136
50. Jackson S.E., Pearson N.J., Griffin W.L., and Belousova E.A. The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to in situ U-Pb zircon geochronology. Terra Nova 17 (2003) 250-258
51. Jacobs J., and Thomas R.J. The Mozambique Belt from an East Antarctic perspective. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin 35 (2002) 3-18
52. Jacobs J., and Thomas R.J. Himalayan-type indenter-escape tectonics model for the southern part of the late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic East African-Antarctic orogen. Geology 32 (2004) 721-724
53. Jacobs J., Fanning C.M., Henjes-Kunst F., Olesch M., and Paech H.-J. Continuation of the Mozambique Belt into East Antarctica: Grenville-age metamorphism and polyphase Pan-African high-grade events in Central Dronning Maud Land. Journal of Geology 106 (1998) 385-406
54. Jacobs J., Thomas R.J., Armstrong R.A., and Henjes-Kunst F. Age and thermal evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Cape Meredith Complex, West Falkland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 156 (1999) 917-928
55. Jacobs J., Bauer W., and Fanning C.M. Late Neoproterozoic/Early Palaeozoic events in central Dronning Maud Land and significance for the southern extension of the East African Orogen into East Antarctica. Precambrian Research 126 (2003) 27-53
56. Jacobs J., Fanning C.M., and Bauer W. Timing of Grenville-age vs. Pan-African medium-to high grade metamorphism in western Dronning Maud land (East Antarctica) and significance for correlations in Rodinia and Gondwana. Precambrian Research 125 (2003) 1-20
57. Jacobs J., Klemb R., Fanning C.M., Bauer W., and Colombo F. Extensional collapse of the late Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic East African-Antarctic Orogen in central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. In: Yoshida M., Windley B.F., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 206 (2003), Geological Society of London Special Publication 271-287
58. Jamieson S.S.R., Hulton N.R.J., Sugden D.E., Payne A.J., and Taylor J. Cenozoic landscape evolution of the Lambert basin, East Antarctica: the relative role of rivers and ice sheets. Global and Planeetary Change 45 (2005) 35-49
59. Johnson S.P., Rivers T., and De Waele B. A review of the Mesoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic magmatic and tectonothermal history of south-central Africa: implications for Rodinia and Gondwana. Journal of the Geological Society of London 162 (2005) 433-450
60. 39Ar geochronology of the Rajmahal Basalts, India, and their relationship to the Kerguelen Plateau. Journal of Petrology 43 (2002) 1141-1153
61. Kinnaird J.A. The Bushveld Large Igneous Province (2005). http://www.largeigneousprovinces.org/Downloads/BushfeldLIP.pdf
62. Kirk J., Ruiz J., Chesley J., Walshe J., and England G. A major Archean, gold-and crust-forming event in the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Science 297 (2002) 1856-1858
63. Kisters A.F.M., Belcher R.W., Scheepers R., Rozendaal A., and Jordaan L.S. Timing and kinematics of the Colenso Fault: the Early Paleozoic shift from collisional to extensional tectonics in the Pan-African Saldania Belt, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 105 (2002) 257-270
64. Kovacs L.C., Morris P., Brozena J., and Tikku A. Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea from magnetic and gravity data. Tectonophysics 147 (2002) 43-64
65. Knudsen T.-L., Griffin W.L., Hartz E.H., Andresen A., and Jackson S.E. In situ Hafnium and Lead isotope analyses of detrital zircons from the Devonian sedimentary basin of NE Greenland: a record of repeated crustal reworking. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141 (2001) 83-94
66. Kröner A., and Stern R.J. Pan-African Orogeny. Encyclopedia of Geology vol. 1 (2005), Elsevier, Oxford 1-12
67. Kröner A., Sacchi R., Jaeckel P., and Costa M. Kibaran magmatism and Pan-African granulite metamorphism in northern Mozambique: single zircon ages and regional implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 25 (1997) 467-484
68. Kusky T.M. Tectonic setting and terrane accretion of the Archean Zimbabwe craton. Geology 26 (1998) 163-166
69. In: Kusky T.M., Abdelsalam M., Stern R.J., and Tucker R.D. (Eds). Evolution of the East African and Related Orogens, and the Assembly of Gondwana. Precambrian Research vol. 123 (2003) 82-85
70. Larsson K., Lindström S., and Guy-Ohlson D. An Early Permian palynoflora from Milorgfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2 (1990) 331-344
71. Lindsay P., Croaker M.C., and Millsteed B. Geology of the Amelang Formation, western Dronning Maud Land. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin 35 (2002) 193-197
72. Lindström S. Early Permian palynostratigraphy of the northern Heimefrontfjella mountain-range, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 89 (1995) 359-415
73. Link P.K., Fanning C.M., and Beranek L.P. Reliability and longitudinal change of detrital-zircon age spectra in the Snake River system, Idaho and Wyoming: an example of reproducing the bumpy barcode. Sedimentary Geology 182 (2005) 101-142
74. Ludwig K.R. Isoplot/Ex rev. 2.49. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication vol. 1a (2001)
75. Marks K.M., and Tikku A.A. Cretaceous reconstructions of East Antarctica, Africa and Madagascar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 186 (2001) 479-495
76. Mendonidis P., Armstrong R.A., Eglington B.M., Grantham G.H., and Thomas R.J. Metamorphic history and U-Pb zircon (SHRIMP) geochronology of the Glenmore Granite: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Natal Metamorphic Province. South African Journal of Geology 105 (2002) 325-336
77. Mikhalsky E.V., Beliatsky B.V., Savva E.V., Wetzel H.U., Federov L.V., Weiser T., and Hahne K. Reconnaissance geochronologic data on polymetamorphic and igneous rocks of the Humboldt Mountains, central Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. In: Ricci C.A. (Ed). The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes (1997), Terra Antartica Publication, Siena 45-54
78. Mikhalsky E.V., Sheraton J.W., and Hahne K. Charnockite composition in relation to the tectonic evolution of East Antarctica. Gondwana Research 9 (2006) 379-397
79. Millar I.L., and Pankhurst R.J. Rb-Sr geochronology of the region between the Antarctic Peninsula and the Transantarctic Mountains: Haag Nunataks and Mesozoic granitoids. A.G.U. Geophysical Monograph 40 (1987) 151-160
80. Moyes A.B., Knoper M.W., and Harris P.D. The age and significance of the Urfell Group, western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Siena, Abstracts (1995) 277
81. Müller R.D., Gaina C., and Clark S. Seafloor spreading around Australia. In: Veevers J.J. (Ed). Billion-year Earth History of Australia and Neighbours in Gondwanaland (2000), GEMOC Press, Sydney 18-28
82. Myrow P.M., Pope M.C., Goodge J.W., Fischer W., and Palmer A.R. Depositional history of pre-Devonian strata and timing of Ross tectonism in the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114 (2002) 1070-1088
83. Nogi Y., Nishi K., Seama N., and Fukuda Y. An interpretation of the seafloor spreading history of the West Enderby Basin between initial breakup of Gondwana and anomaly C34. Marine Geophysical Researches 25 (2004) 221-231
84. Paulsson O., and Austrheim H. A geochronological and geochemical study of rocks from Gjelsvikfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - implications for Mesoproterozoic correlations and assembly of Gondwana. Precambrian Research 125 (2003) 113-138
85. Perritt S.H., and Watkeys M.K. Implications of late Pan-African shearing in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. In: Storti F., Holdsworth R.E., and Salvini F. (Eds). Intraplate Strike-slip Deformation Belts 210 (2003), Geological Society of London Special Publication 135-143
86. Poscher G. Permo-Carboniferous glacial and periglacial sedimentation in the Kottas Mountains of Heimefrontfjella, Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie 1 (1994) 1373-1386
87. Powell C.McA., and Li Z.X. Gondwanaland reconstruction. In: Veevers J.J., and Powell C.McA. (Eds). Permian-Triassic Basins and Fold Belts along the Panthalassan Margin of Gondwanaland. Geological Society of America Memoir 184 (1994) 5-9
88. Randall D.E., and MacNiocaill C. Cambrian palaeomagnetic data confirm a Natal Embayment location for the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains, Antarctica, in Gondwana reconstructions. Geophysical Journal International 157 (2004) 105-116
89. Reimold W.U., and Gibson R.L. Geology and evolution of the Vredefort Impact Structure, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 23 (1996) 125-162
90. 2), a case study from the Phalaborwa igneous complex, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 98 (1995) 1-4
91. Rotstein Y., Munschy M., and Bernard A. The Kerguelen Province revisited: additional constraints on the early development of the South Indian Ocean. Marine Geophysical Researches 22 (2001) 81-100
92. Rust I.C. Tectonic and sedimentary framework of Gondwana Basins in Southern Africa. In: Campbell K.S.W. (Ed). Gondwana Geology (1975), ANU Press, Canberra 537-564
93. Sandwell D.T., and Smith W.H.F. Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS-1 satellite altimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (1997) 10039-10054
94. Scheepers R., and Armstrong R. New U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages of the Cape Granite Suite: implications for the magmatic evolution of the Saldania Belt. South African Journal of Geology 105 (2002) 241-256
95. Scheepers R., and Poujol M. U-Pb zircon age of the Cape Granite Suite ignimbrites: characteristics of the last phases of the Saldanian magmatism. South African Journal of Geology 105 (2002) 163-178
96. Scherer E., Munker C., and Mezger K. Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock. Science 293 (2001) 683-687
97. Schmädicke E., and Will T.M. First evidence of eclogite facies metamorphism in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica: trace of a suture between East and West Gondwana?. Geology 34 (2006) 133-136
98. Scogings A.J., and Forster I.F. Gneissose carbonatites in the Bull's Run Complex, Natal. South African Journal of Geology 92 (1989) 1-10
99. Shiraishi K., Ellis D.J., Hiroi Y., Fanning C.M., Motoyoshi Y., and Nakai Y. Cambrian orogenic belt in East Antarctica and Sri Lanka: implications for Gondwana assembly. Journal of Geology 102 (1994) 47-65
100. Simon N.S.C., Carlson R.W., Pearson D.G., and Davies G.R. The origin and evolution of the Kaapvaal lithospheric mantle. Journal of Petrology 48 (2007) 589-625
101. Stagg H.M.J., Colwell J.B., Direen N.G., O'Brien P.E., Bernardel G., Borissova I., Brown B.J., and Ishirara T. Geology of the continental margin of Enderby and MacRobertson Lands, East Antarctica: insights from a regional data set. Marine Geophysical Researches 25 (2005) 183-219
102. Tavener-Smith R. Prograding coastal facies associations in the Vryheid Formation (Permian) at Effingham quarries near Durban, South Africa. Sedimentary Geology 32 (1982) 111-140
103. Tewari R.C., and Veevers J.J. Gondwana basins of India occupy the middle of a 7500 km sector of radial valleys and lobes in central-eastern Gondwanaland. In: Findlay R.H., et al. (Ed). Gondwana Eight. Proceedings of the Eighth Gondwana Symposium, Hobart (1993), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 507-512
104. Thomas R.J., Eglington B.M., Bowring S.A., Retief E.A., and Walraven F. New isotope data from a Neoproterozoic porphyritic granitoid-charnockite suite from Natal, South Africa. Precambrian Research 62 (1993) 83-101
105. Thomas R.J., Cornell D.H., Moore J.M., and Jacobs J. Crustal evolution of the Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Province, southern Africa. South African Journal of Geology 97 (1994) 8-14
106. Thomas R.J., Cornell D.H., and Armstrong R.A. Provenance age and metamorphic history of the Quha Formation, Natal Metamorphic Province: a U-Th-Pb zircon SHRIMP study. South African Journal of Geology 102 (1999) 83-88
107. Thomas R.J., Jacobs J., and Eglington B.M. Geochemistry and isotopic evolution of the Mesoproterozoic Cape Meredith Complex, West Falkland. Geological Magazine 137 (2000) 537-553
108. Thomas R.J., Armstrong R.A., and Eglington B.M. Geochronology of the Sikombe Granite, Transkei, Natal Metamorphic Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 106 (2003) 403-408
109. Van Vuuren C.J., and Cole D.I. The stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Ecca Group in the northern part of the Karoo Basin. Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication 6 (1979) 103-111
110. Veevers J.J. The case for the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains of East Antarctica originating by mid-Carboniferous shortening of an intra-cratonic basin. Geology 22 (1994) 593-596
111. In: Veevers J.J. (Ed). Billion-year Earth History of Australia and Neighbours in Gondwanaland (2000), GEMOC Press, Sydney
112. Veevers J.J. Gondwanaland from 650-500 Ma assembly through 320 Ma merger in Pangea to 185-100 Ma breakup: supercontinental tectonics via stratigraphy and radiometric dating. Earth-Science Reviews 68 (2004) 1-132
113. Veevers J.J. Pan-Gondwanaland post-collisional extension marked by 650-500 Ma alkaline rocks and carbonatites and related detrital zircons: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 83 (2007) 1-47
114. Veevers, J.J., Saeed, A., in preparation. Detrital zircons from the Permian and Mesozoic of Gondwanaland.
115. Veevers J.J., Cole D.I., and Cowan E.J. Southern Africa: Karoo Basin and Cape Fold Belt. Geological Society of America Memoir 184 (1994) 223-279
116. Veevers J.J., Saeed A., Belousova E.A., and Griffin W.L. U-Pb ages and source composition by Hf-isotope and trace-element analysis of detrital zircons in Permian sandstone and modern sand from southwestern Australia and a review of the paleogeographical and denudational history of the Yilgarn Craton. Earth-Science Reviews 68 (2005) 245-279
117. DM of 2.0-1.0 Ga, and alkaline affinity. Earth-Science Reviews 76 (2006) 135-174
118. Walraven F., Armstrong R.A., and Kruger F.J. A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal Craton, the Bushveld Complex, and Vredefort Structure. Tectonophysics 171 (2001) 23-48
119. Woolley A.R. Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society of London (2001) 372 pages
120. Zeh A., Millar I.L., and Horstwood M.S.A. Polymetamorphism in the NE Shackleton Range, Antarctica: constraints from petrology and U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr TIMS and in situ U-Pb LA-PIMMS dating. Journal of Petrology 45 (2004) 949-973
121. Zheng J., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., Zhang M., Pearson N., and Pan Y. Widespread Archean basement beneath the Yangtze craton. Geology 34 (2006) 417-420