Approaches to risk-stratifying cancer patients for venous thromboembolism

Thrombosis Research

Volumn 120, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2007, Pages

  Khorana, Alok A ^a   Rao, Maithili V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; CVC; LMWH; Risk factors; Venous thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CERTOPARIN; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; LENALIDOMIDE; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PLACEBO; TAMOXIFEN; THALIDOMIDE; VATALANIB; WARFARIN;

ARTERY THROMBOSIS; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BREAST CANCER; CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLON CANCER; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; FOLLOW UP; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MYELOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STOMACH CANCER; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NEOPLASMS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 36148967703     PISSN: 00493848     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0049-3848(07)70129-9     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Khorana A. Malignancy, thrombosis and Trousseau: The case for an eponym. J Thromb Haemost 1 12 (2003) 2463-2465
2. Trousseau A., Bazire P., and Cormack J. Lectures on Clinical Medicine (1867), R. Hardwicke, London
3. Lee A., and Levine M. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: Risks and outcomes. Circulation 107 23 Suppl 1 (2003) I17-I21
4. Gomes M., and Deitcher S. Diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease in cancer patients. Oncology (Huntington) 17 1 (2003) 126-135 139; discussion: 139 44.
5. Baron J., Gridley G., Weiderpass E., et al. Venous thromboem-bolism and cancer. Lancet 351 9109 (1998) 1077-1080
6. Ottinger H., Belka C., Kozole G., et al. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary artery embolism in high-grade non Hodgkin's lymphoma: Incidence, causes and prognostic relevance. Eur J Haematol 54 3 (1995) 186-194
7. Cavo M., Zamagni E., Cellini C., et al. Deep-vein thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma receiving first-line thalidomide dexamethasone therapy. Blood 100 6 (2002) 2272-2273
8. Kuenen B., Levi M., Meijers J., et al. Potential role of platelets in endothelial damage observed during treatment with cisplatin, gemcitabine, and the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416. J Clin Oncol 21 11 (2003) 2192-2198
9. Kabbinavar F., Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., et al. Phase II, ran-domized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21 1 (2003) 60-65
10. Stein P., Beemath A., Meyers F., et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with cancer. Am J Med 119 1 (2006) 60-68
11. Khorana A., Francis C., Culakova E., et al. Thromboembolism in hospitalized neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 24 3 (2006) 484-490
12. Khorana A., Francis C., Culakova E., et al. Frequency, risk factors, and trends for venous thromboembolism among hospitalized cancer patients. Cancer (2007) in press.
13. Prandoni P., Lensing A., Piccioli A., et al. Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer and venous thrombosis. Blood 100 10 (2002) 3484-3488
14. Khorana A., Francis C., Culakova E., et al. Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. J Thromb Haemost 5 3 (2007) 632-634
15. Sorensen H., Mellemkjaer L., Olsen J., et al. Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 343 25 (2000) 1846-1850
16. Chew H., Wun T., Harvey D., et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism and its effect on survival among patients with common cancers. Arch Intern Med 166 4 (2006) 458-464
17. Khorana A., Francis C., Culakova E., et al. Risk factors for chemotherapy-associated venous thromboembolism in a prospective observational study. Cancer 104 12 (2005) 2822-2829
18. Blom J., Doggen C., Osanto S., et al. Malignancies, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of venous thrombosis. J Am Med Assoc 293 6 (2005) 715-722
19. Zangari M., Barlogie B., Thertulien R., et al. Thalidomide and deep vein thrombosis in multiple myeloma: Risk factors and effect on survival. Clin Lymphoma 4 1 (2003) 32-35
20. Sallah S., Wan J., and Nguyen N. Venous thrombosis in patients with solid tumors: Determination of frequency and characteristics. Thromb Haemost 87 4 (2002) 575-579
21. Komrokji R., Uppal N., Khorana A., et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 47 6 (2006) 1029-1033
22. Heit J., Silverstein M., Mohr D., et al. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A population-based case-control study. Arch Intern Med 160 6 (2000) 809-815
23. Heit J., O'Fallon W., Petterson T., et al. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A population-based study. Arch Intern Med 162 11 (2002) 1245-1248
24. Blom J., Vanderschoot J., Oostindier M., et al. Incidence of venous thrombosis in a large cohort of 66,329 cancer patients: Results of a record linkage study. J Thromb Haemost 4 3 (2006) 529-535
25. Deitcher S., and Gomes M. The risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with adjuvant hormone therapy for breast carcinoma: A systematic review. Cancer 101 3 (2004) 439-449
26. Fisher B., Costantino J., Redmond C., et al. A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med 320 8 (1989) 479-484
27. Fisher B., Dignam J., Wolmark N., et al. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89 22 (1997) 1673-1682
28. Bennett C., Schumock G., Desai A., et al. Thalidomide-associated deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Am J Med 113 7 (2002) 603-606
29. Dimopoulos M., Spencer A., Attal M., et al. Study of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus dexamethasone alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM): Results of a phase 3 study (MM-010). ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 106 11 (2005) 6
30. Knight R., DeLap R., Zeldis J., et al. Lenalidomide and venous thrombosis in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 354 19 (2006) 2079-2080
31. (2005). http://www.avastin.com/avastin/drugWarningPro.m
32. Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., Novotny W., et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350 23 (2004) 2335-2342
33. Shah M., Ilson D., and Kelsen D. Thromboembolic events in gastric cancer: High incidence in patients receiving irinotecan- and bevacizumab-based therapy. J Clin Oncol 23 11 (2005) 2574-2576
34. Bohlius J., Wilson J., Seidenfeld J., et al. Recombinant human erythropoietins and cancer patients: Updated meta-analysis of 57 studies including 9353 patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 98 10 (2006) 708-714
35. Falanga A., Levine M., Consonni R., et al. The effect of very-low-dose warfarin on markers of hypercoagulation in metastatic breast cancer: Results from a randomized trial. Thromb Haemost 79 1 (1998) 23-27
36. Sallah S., Husain A., Sigounas V., et al. Plasma coagulation markers in patients with solid tumors and venous thromboembolic disease receiving oral anticoagulation therapy. Clin Cancer Res 10 21 (2004) 7238-7243
37. ten Wolde M., Kraaijenhagen R., Prins M., et al. The clinical usefulness of D-dimer testing in cancer patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 162 16 (2002) 1880-1884
38. Khorana A., Ahrendt S., Ryan C., et al. Tissue factor expression, angiogenesis, and thrombosis in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13 10 (2007) 2870-2875
39. Bergqvist D. Low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism after abdominal surgery: A review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11 5 (2005) 392-397
40. Samama M., Cohen A., Darmon J., et al. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis In Medical Patients with Enoxaparin study group. N Engl J Med 341 11 (1999) 793-800
41. Leizorovicz A., Cohen A., Turpie A., et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Circulation 110 7 (2004) 874-879
42. Cohen A., Davidson B., Gallus A., et al. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: Randomised placebo controlled trial. Br Med J 332 7537 (2006) 325-329
43. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elective cancer surgery. A double-blind randomized multicentre trial with venographic assessment. ENOXACAN study group. Br J Surg 84 8 (1997) 1099-1103
44. Bergqvist D., Agnelli G., Cohen A., et al. Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 346 13 (2002) 975-980
45. Rasmussen M., Jorgensen L., Wille-Jorgensen P., et al. Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A multicenter randomized open-label study. J Thromb Haemost 4 11 (2006) 2384-2390
46. Geerts W., Pineo G., Heit J., et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: The seventh ACCP conference on antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. Chest 126 3 Suppl (2004) 338S-400S
47. Wagman L., Baird M., Bennett C., et al. Venous thromboembolic disease. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 4 9 (2006) 838-869
48. White R. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 107 90231 (2003) I-4-I-8
49. Hecht J., Trarbach T., Jaeger E., et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III study in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum receiving first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and PTK787/ZK222584 or placebo (CONFIRM-1). 2005 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings. J Clin Oncol 23 June 1, Suppl (2005) 3
50. Edgington T., Mackman N., Brand K., et al. The structural biology of expression and function of tissue factor. Thromb Haemost 66 1 (1991) 67-79
51. Nemerson Y. Tissue factor and hemostasis. Blood 71 1 (1988) 1-8
52. Nemerson Y. Tissue factor: Then and now. Thromb Haemost 74 1 (1995) 180-184
53. Rapaport S., and Rao L. The tissue factor pathway: How it has become a "prima ballerina". Thromb Haemost 74 1 (1995) 7-17
54. Nakasaki T., Wada H., Shigemori C., et al. Expression of tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Am J Hematol 69 4 (2002) 247-254
55. Poon R., Lau C., Ho J., et al. Tissue factor expression correlates with tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 9 14 (2003) 5339-5345
56. Ohta S., Wada H., Nakazaki T., et al. Expression of tissue factor is associated with clinical features and angiogenesis in prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 22 5 (2002) 2991-2996
57. Lopez-Pedrera C., Barbarroja N., Dorado G., et al. Tissue factor as an effector of angiogenesis and tumor progression in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 20 8 (2006) 1331-1340
58. Simanek R., Vormittag R., Alguel G., et al. A high platelet count independently predicts venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. ISTH 2007 Congress Proceedings. J Thromb Haemost Suppl (2007) abstract #P-T-497.
59. Levine M., Hirsh J., Gent M., et al. Double-blind randomised trial of a very-low-dose warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer. Lancet 343 8902 (1994) 886-889
60. Haas S., Kakkar A., Kemkes-Matthes B., et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism with low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with metastatic breast or lung cancer results of the TOPIC studies. J Thromb Haemost 3 Suppl 1 (2005) abstract OR059.
61. Perry JR, Rogers L, Lapierre J, et al. A phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial of thromboprophylaxis using dalteparin low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. In 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18S):2011. Abstract.
62. Couban S., Goodyear M., Burnell M., et al. Randomized placebo-controlled study of low-dose warfarin for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 23 18 (2005) 4063-4069
63. Verso M., Agnelli G., Bertoglio S., et al. Enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism associated with central vein catheter: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 23 18 (2005) 4057-4062
64. Karthaus M., Kretzschmar A., Kroning H., et al. Dalteparin for prevention of catheter-related complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: Final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol 17 2 (2006) 289-296
65. Zangari M., Elice F., Fink L., et al. Thrombosis in multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 7 3 (2007) 307-315
66. Cavo M., Zamagni E., Tosi P., et al. First-line therapy with thalidomide and dexamethasone in preparation for autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Haematologica 89 7 (2004) 826-831
67. Zangari M., Barlogie B., Anaissie E., et al. Deep vein thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide and chemotherapy: Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation. Br J Haematol 126 5 (2004) 715-721
68. Minnema M., Breitkreutz I., Auwerda J., et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism with low molecular-weight heparin in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide and chemotherapy. Leukemia 18 12 (2004) 2044-2046
69. Zonder J. Thrombotic complications of myeloma therapy. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program (2006) 348-355
70. Baz R., Li L., Kottke-Marchant K., et al. The role of aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic complications of thalidomide and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 80 12 (2005) 1568-1574
71. Risk of and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in hospital patients. Thromboembolic risk factors (THRIFT) consensus group. Br Med J 305 6853 (1992) 567-574
72. Samama M. Applying risk assessment models in general surgery: Effective risk stratification. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 10 Suppl 2 (1999) S79-S84
73. Samama M., Dahl O., Quinlan D., et al. Quantification of risk factors for venous thromboembolism: a preliminary study for the development of a risk assessment tool. Haematologica 88 12 (2003) 1410-1421
74. Caprini J., Arcelus J., Hasty J., et al. Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients. Semin Thromb Hemost 17 Suppl 3 (1991) 304-312
75. Ageno W. Applying risk assessment models in general surgery: Overview of our clinical experience. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 10 Suppl 2 (1999) S71-S78
76. Heinemann L., Dominh T., Assmann A., et al. VTE risk assessment a prognostic model: BATER cohort study of young women. Thromb J 3 1 (2005) 5
77. Bergqvist D., Jendteg S., Lindgren B., et al. The economics of general thromboembolic prophylaxis. World J Surg 12 3 (1988) 349-355
78. Flordal P., Berggvist D., Burmark U., et al. Risk factors for major thromboembolism and bleeding tendency after elective general surgical operations. The FRAGMIN multicentre study group. Eur J Surg 162 10 (1996) 783-789
79. Khorana A., Francis C., Culakova E., et al. Risk factors for chemotherapy-associated venous thromboembolism in a prospective observational study: A proposed predictive model. J Thromb Haemost 3 Suppl 1 (2005) abstract OR058.