Present denudation rates at selected sections of the South African escarpment and the elevated continental interior based on cosmogenic 3He and 21Ne

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 110, Issue 2-3, 2007, Pages 235-248

  Kounov, A ^a,b   Niedermann, S ^c   de Wit, Maarten J ^a   Viola, G ^d   Andreoli, Marco ^e,f   Erzinger, J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^c GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

^d GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^e NECSA   (South Africa)

^f UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIABASE; ESCARPMENT; HELIUM ISOTOPE; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; MORPHOLOGY; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPE; QUARTZITE;

AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 36148936831     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gssajg.110.2-3.235     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bamford, M. (2000). Cenozoic macro-plants. In: T.C. Partridge and R.R. Maud (Editors), The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford University Press, 351-356.
2. Beaumont, C., Kooi, H., and Willet, S.D. (2000). Coupled tectonic-surface process models with applications to rifted margins and collisional orogens. In: M.A. Summerfield (Editor), Geomorphology and Global Tectonics, John Wiley and Son, New York, United States of America, 29-55.
3. Bierman, P.R. and Caffee, M. (2001). Slow rates of rock surface erosion and sediment production across the Namib desert and escarpment, Southern Africa. American Journal of Science, 301, 326-358.
4. 10Be-rates of landscape change. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 32, 215-255.
5. Brandt, D., Andreoli, M. and McCarthy, T.S. (2005). The Late Mesozoic paleosoils and Cenozoic fluvial deposits at Vaalputs, Namaqualand, South Africa. Possible depositional mechanism and their hearing on the evolution of the continental margin. South African Journal of Geology, 108, 267-280.
6. Brown, R.W., Gallagher, K., Gleadow, A.J.W. and Summerfield, M.A. (2000). Morphotectonic evolution of the South Atlantic margins of Africa and South America. In: M.A. Summerfield (Editor), Geomorphology and Global Tectonics, John Wiley & Son, New York, United States of America, 255-284.
7. Brown, R.W., Summerfield, M.A. and Gleadow, A.J.W. (2002). Denudation history along a transect across the Drakensberg Escarpment of southern Africa derived from apatite fission track thermochronology. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2350, doi:10.1029/2001JB000745.
8. 3He production rates from 39°N to 46°N latitude, western United States of America and France. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 249-255.
9. Cockburn, H.A.P., Brown, R.W., Summerfield, M.A. and Seidl, M.A. (2000). Quantifying passive margin denudation and landscape development using a combined fission-track thermochronometry and cosmogenic isotope analysis approach. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 179, 429-435.
10. de Wit, M.J. The Kalahari Epeirogeny and climate change: differentiating cause and effect from core to space. South African Journal of Geology, 110, 367-392.
11. Doucouré, C.A. and de Wit, M.J. (2003). Old inherited origin for the present near bimodal topography of Africa. Journal of african Earth Sciences, 36, 371-388.
12. Dunai, T.J. (2000). Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical re-evaluation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 176, 157-169.
13. Dunai, T.J. (2001). Influence of secular variation of the geomagnetic field on production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 193, 197-212.
14. 39Ar dated basalt flows at 29°N latitude. Earth and Planetaty Science Letters, 176, 147-156.
15. Duncan, R.A., Hooper, P.R,, Rehacek, J., Marsh, J.S. and Duncan, A.R. (1997). The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 18127-18138.
16. 36Cl: initial results. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 209-212.
17. Hermanns, R.L., Niedermann, S., Ivy-Ochs, S. and Kubik, P.W. (2004). Rock avalanching into a landslide-dammed lake causing multiple dam failure in Las Conchas valley (NW Argentina) - evidence from surface exposure dating and stratigraphic analyses. Landslides, 1, 113-122.
18. 26Al exposure ages of fluvial terraces: the influence of crustal Ne in quartz. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 201, 575-591.
19. King, L.C. (1951). South African Scenery, Oliver and Boyd, London, United Kingdom, 379pp.
20. King, L.C. (1967). The Morphology of the Earth. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 699 pp.
21. 3He in Fe-Ti-oxide minerals, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236, 404-418.
22. Kounov, A., Viola, G., de Wit, M.J. and Andreoli, M. (in review). Tectonic evolution and denudation of the Atlantic passive margin: New insights from apatite fission-track analysis on the Western coast of South Africa. In: F. Lisker, B. Ventura, and U. Glasmacher, (Editors), Thermochronological methods: from paleotemperature constraints to landscape evolution models. Geological Society, London, Special Publications.
23. 3He production rates from Holocene lava flows in Oregon, USA, and effects of the Earth's magnetic field. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 172, 261-271.
24. Livermore, R., Nankivell, A., Eagles, G., and Morris, P. (2005). Paleogene opening of Drake Passage. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236, 459-470.
25. Masarik, J. and Reedy, R.C. (1995). Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide production systematics calculated from numerical simulations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 136, 381-395.
26. Masarik, J. and Reedy, R.C. (1996). Monte Carlo simulation of in-situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides. Radiocarbon, 38, 163.
27. Masarik, J. and Wieler, R. (2003). Production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in boulders. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 216, 201-208.
28. Masarik, J., Frank, M., Schäfer, J.M. and Wieler, R. (2001). Correction of in situ cosmogenic nuclide production rates for geomagnetic field intensity variations during the past 800,000 years. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2995-3003.
29. 21Ne production rate in quartz revisited. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 183, 361-364.
30. Niedermann, S. (2002). Cosmic-ray produced noble gases in terrestrial rocks: Dating tools for surface processes. In: D. Porcelli, C. Ballentine, R. Wieler, (Editors), Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 47, 731-784.
31. Niedermann, S., Graf, T. and Marti, K. (1993). Mass spectrometric identification of cosmic-ray-produced neon in terrestrial rocks with multiple neon components. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 118, 65-73.
32. Niedermann, S., Bach, W. and Erzinger, J. (1997). Noble gas evidence for a lower mantle component in MORBs from the southern East Pacific Rise: Decoupling of helium and neon isotope systematics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 2697-2715.
33. 38Ar from calcium in terrestrial pyroxene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 257, 596-608.
34. Raab, M.J., Brown, R.W., Gallagher, K., Carter, A. and Weber, K. (2002). Late Cretaceous reactivation of major crustal shear zones in northern Namibia: constraints from apatite fission track analysis. Tectonophysics, 349, 75-92.
35. Schäfer, J.M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Wieler, R., Leya, I., Baur, H., Denton, G.H. and Schlüchter, C. (1999). Cosmogenic noble gas studies in the oldest landscape on earth: surface exposure ages of the Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 167, 215-226.
36. Scher, H.D. and Martin, E.E. (2006). Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of the Drake Passage. Science, 312, 428-430.
37. 18O. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 244, 725-734.
38. Sternberg, R. (1996). Workshop on secular variations in the rates of production of cosmogenic nuclides on Earth: Paleomagnetic averages of geomagnetic latitude. Radiocarbon, 38, 169-170.
39. Tankard, A.J., Jackson, M.P., Eriksson, K.A., Hobday, D.K., Hunter, D.R. and Minter, W.E.L. (1982). Crustal Evolution of Southern Africa: 3.8 Billion Years of Earth History, Springer-Verlag, New York, United States of America, 523pp.
40. Tinker, J. (2005). Using apatite fission track thermochronology and offshore sedimentary volumes to test the balance between denudation (onshore) and deposition (offshore) since Gondwana break up. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Cape Town, South Africa, 243pp.
41. Tinker, J, de Wit, M.J. and Brown, R. (in review). Mesozoic uplift of southern Africa: using fission track thermochronology and offshore sediment volumes to test the balance between onshore denudation and offshore accumulation since Gondwana break-up. Tectonophysics.
42. Tyson, P.D. and Partridge, T.C. (2000). Evolution of Cenozoic climates. In: T.C. Partridge and R.R. Maud (Editors) The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 371-387.
43. Van der Wateren, F.M. and Dunai, T.J. (2001). Late Neogene passive margin denudation history - cosmogenic isotope measurements from the central Namib desert. Global and Planetary Change, 30, 271-307.