Limbic encephalitis: The new cell membrane antigens and a proposal of clinical-immunological classification with therapeutic implications;Encefalitis límbica: Los nuevos antígenos de membrana y propuesta de una clasificación clinicoinmunológica con implicaciones terapéuticas

Neurologia

Volumn 22, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 526-537

  Dalmau, Josep ^a   Bataller, L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO LA FE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Cell membrane antigens; Intracellular antigens; Limbic encephalitis

Indexed keywords

HU ANTIGEN; MA2 ANTIGEN; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 1; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 2B; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL;

CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MEMORY; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROPIL; OVARY CYST; PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROPATHY; REVIEW; TERATOMA; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIGENS, SURFACE; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIGENS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DEMYELINATING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, CNS; FEMALE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MODELS, ANATOMIC; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; NEUROPIL; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 36148934126     PISSN: 02134853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Brierley JB, Corsellis JAN, Hierons R, Nevin S. Subacute encephalitis of later adult life. Mainly affecting the limbic areas. Brain 1960;83:357-68.
2. Corsellis JA, Goldberg GJ, Norton AR. «Limbic encephalitis» and its association with carcinoma. Brain 1968;91:481-96.
3. Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R, Eichen J, Posner JB, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain 2000;123:1481-94.
4. Graus F, Saiz A. Limbic encephalitis: a probably under-recognized syndrome. Neurologia 2005;20:24-30.
5. Alamowitch S, Graus F, Uchuya M, Reñe R, Bescansa E, Delattre JY. Limbic encephalitis and small cell lung cancer. Clinical and immunological features. Brain 1997;120:923-8.
6. Dalmau J, Graus F, Villarejo A, Posner JB, Blumenthal D, Thiessen B, et al. Clinical analysis of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis. Brain 2004;127:1831-44.
7. Bien CG, Schulze-Bonhage A, Deckert M, Urbach H, Helmstaedter C, Grunwald T, et al. Limbic encephalitis not associated with neoplasm as a cause of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 2000;55:1823-8.
8. Mochizuki Y, Mizutani T, Isozaki E, Ohtake T, Takahashi Y. Acute limbic encephalitis: a new entity? Neurosci Lett 2006;394:5-8.
9. Vincent A, Buckley C, Schott JM, Baker I, Dewar BK, Detert N, et al. Potassium channel antibody-associated encephalopathy: a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of limbic encephalitis. Brain 2004;127:701-12.
10. Thieben MJ, Lennon VA, Boeve BF, Aksamit AJ, Keegan M, Vernino S. Potentially reversible autoimmune limbic encephalitis with neuronal potassium channel antibody. Neurology 2004;62:1177-82.
11. Buckley C, Oger J, Clover L, Tuzun E, Carpenter K, Jackson M, et al. Potassium channel antibodies in two patients with reversible limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2001;50:73-8.
12. Liguori R, Vincent A, Clover L, Avoni P, Plazzi G, Cortelli P, et al. Morvan's syndrome: peripheral and central nervous system and cardiac involvement with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels. Brain 2001;124:2417-26.
13. Pozo-Rosich P, Clover L, Saiz A, Vincent A, Graus F. Voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies in limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2003;54:530-3.
14. Ances BM, Vitaliani R, Taylor RA, Liebeskind DS, Voloschin A, Houghton DJ, et al. Treatment-responsive limbic encephalitis identified by neuropil antibodies: MRI and PET correlates. Brain 2005;128:1764-77.
15. Samarasekera SR, Vincent A, Welch JL, Jackson M, Nichols P, Griffiths TD. The course and outcome of acute limbic encephalitis with negative voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:391-4.
16. Graus F, Delattre JY, Antoine JC, Dalmau J, Giometto B, Grisold W, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1135-40.
17. Bataller L, Dalmau J. The clinical and immunological diversity of limbic encephalitis: a model for paraneoplastic disorders. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2006;20:1319-35.
18. Bakheit AM, Kennedy PG, Behan PO. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: clinico-pathological correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1990;53:1084-8.
19. Fadul CE, Stommel EW, Dragnev KH, Eskey CJ, Dalmau J. Focal paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as orgasmic epilepsy. J Neurooncol 2005;72:195-8.
20. Mut M, Schiff D, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic recurrent multifocal encephalitis presenting with epilepsia partialis continua. J Neurooncol 2005;72:63-6.
21. Lawn ND, Westmoreland BF, Kiely MJ, Lennon VA, Vernino S. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalographic findings in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:1363-8.
22. Stubgen JP. Nervous system lupus mimics limbic encephalitis. Lupus 1998;7:557-60.
23. Dirr LY, Elster AD, Donofrio PD, Smith M. Evolution of brain MRI abnormalities in limbic encephalitis. Neurology 1990;40:1304-6.
24. Kassubek J, Juengling FD, Nitzsche EU, Lucking CH. Limbic encephalitis investigated by 18FDG-PET and 3D MRI. J Neuroimaging 2001;11:55-9.
25. Scheid R, Lincke T, Voltz R, von Cramon DY, Sabri O. Serial 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Arch Neurol 2004;61:1785-9.
26. Rosenfeld MR, Eichen JG, Wade DF, Posner JB, Dalmau J. Molecular and clinical diversity in paraneoplastic immunity to Ma proteins. Ann Neurol 2001;50:339-48.
27. Vitaliani R, Mason W, Ances B, Zwerdling T, Jiang Z, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic encephalitis, psychiatric symptoms, and hypoventilation in ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol 2005;58:594-604.
28. Bataller L, Kleopa KA, Wu GF, Rossi JE, Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J. Autoimmune limbic encephalitis in 39 patients: immunophenotypes and outcomes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:381-5.
29. Yu Z, Kryzer TJ, Griesmann GE, Kim K, Benarroch EE, Lennon VA. CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2001;49:146-54.
30. List AF, Hainsworth JD, Davis BW, Hande KR, Greco FA, Johnson DH. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1986;4:1191-8.
31. Iranzo A, Graus F, Clover L, Morera J, Bruna J, Vilar C, et al. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2006;59:178-81.
32. Taylor RB, Mason W, Kong K, Wennberg R. Reversible paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis associated with a benign ovarian teratoma. Can J Neurol Sci 1999;26:317-20.
33. Stein-Wexler R, Wootton-Gorges SL, Greco CM, Brunberg JA. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a teenage girl with an immature ovarian teratoma. Pediatr Radiol 2005;35:694-7.
34. Kendrick SJ, Lynch DR, Pritchett DB. Characterization of glutamate binding sites in receptors assembled from transfected NMDA receptor subunits. J Neurochem 1996;67:608-16.
35. Waxman EA, Lynch DR. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes: multiple roles in excitotoxicity and neurological disease. Neuroscientist 2005;11:37-49.
36. Monyer H, Burnashev N, Laurie DJ, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH. Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors. Neuron 1994;12:529-40.
37. Lynch DR, Guttmann RP. Excitotoxicity: perspectives based on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;300:717-23.
38. Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu H-Y, Masjuan J, Rossi JE, Voloschin A, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma, Ann Neurol 2007;61:25-36.
39. Shimazaki H, Ando Y, Nakano I, Dalmau J. Reversible limbic encephalitis with antibodies against membranes of neurons of the hippocampus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:324-5.
40. Koide R, Shimizu T, Koike K, Dalmau J. EFA6A-like antibodies in paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with immature ovarian teratoma: a case report. J Neurooncol 2007;81:71-4.
41. Gianani R, Sarvetnick N. Viruses, cytokines, antigens, and autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:2257-9.
42. Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Rose NR. Viruses as adjuvants for autoimmunity: evidence from Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Rev Med Virol 2005;15:17-27.
43. Diamond B, Kowal C, Huerta PT, Aranow C, Mackay M, DeGiorgio LA, et al. Immunity and acquired alterations in cognition and emotion: lessons from SLE. Adv Immunol 2006;89:289-320.
44. Huerta PT, Kowal C, DeGiorgio LA, Volpe BT, Diamond B. Immunity and behavior: antibodies alter emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:678-83.
45. Kowal C, DeGiorgio LA, Nakaoka T, Hetherington H, Huerta PT, Diamond B, et al. Cognition and immunity; antibody impairs memory. Immunity 2004;21:179-88.
46. Watanabe Y, Shimizu Y, Ooi S, Tanaka K, Inuzuka T, Nakashima K. Steroid-responsive limbic encephalitis. Intern Med 2003;42:428-32.
47. Shoji H, Asaoka K, Ayabe M, Ichiyama T, Sakai K. Non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis: a new subgroup of limbic encephalitis? Intern Med 2004;43:348.
48. Takahashi Y, Mori H, Mishina M, Watanabe M, Kondo N, Shimomura J, et al. Autoantibodies and cell-mediated autoimmunity to NMDA-type GluRepsilon2 in patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis and chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua. Epilepsia 2005;46:152-8.
49. Darnell RB, Posner JB. A new cause of limbic encephalopathy. Brain 2005;128:1745-6.
50. Younes-Mhenni S, Janier MF, Cinotti L, Antoine JC, Tronc F, Cottin V, et al. FDG-PET improves tumour detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Brain 2004;127:2331-8.
51. Castle J, Sakonju A, Dalmau J, Newman-Toker DE. Anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis with normal FDG-PET: a case of pseudo-Whipple's disease. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006;2:566-72.
52. Mathew RM, Vandenberghe R, García-Merino A, Yamamoto T, Landolfi JC, Rosenfeld MR et al. Orchiectomy for suspected microscopic tumor in patients with anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis. Neurology 2007;68:900-5.
53. Matsumoto L, Yamamoto T, Higashihara M, Sugimoto I, Kowa H, Shibahara J, et al. Severe hypokinesis caused by paraneoplastic anti-Ma2 encephalitis associated with bilateral intratubular germ-cell neoplasia. Mov Disord 2007;D01:17269131.
54. Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, Reñe R, Benyahia B, Ribalta T, Ascaso C, et al. Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 2001;124:1138-48.
55. Bataller L, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic disorders of the nervous system. En: Schiff D, editor. Neuro-oncology. American Academy of Neurology. Continuum 2005:11;69-92.