Mechanism of electrochemical chloride removal

Corrosion Science

Volumn 49, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 4504-4522

  Elsener, B ^a   Angst, U ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

A. Reinforced concrete; B. Galvanostatic; B. Polarization; C. Repassivation

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); PASSIVATION; POLARIZATION; REINFORCED CONCRETE;

GALVANOSTATICS; REPASSIVATION;

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION; PASSIVATION; POLARIZATION; REINFORCED CONCRETE;

EID: 36049050165     PISSN: 0010938X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2007.05.019     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. J. Mietz, Electrochemical rehabilitation methods for reinforced concrete structures - a state of the art report. EFC Publication No. 24, European Federation of Corrosion, London, 1998.
2. Elsener B., Molina M., and Böhni H. Electrical removal of chlorides from reinforced concrete. Corrosion Science 35 (1993) 1563-1570
3. Bertolini L., Elsener B., Pedeferri P., and Polder R. Corrosion of steel in concrete (2004), Wiley, VCH
4. B. Elsener, L. Zimmermann, D. Bürchler, H. Böhni, Repair of reinforced concrete structures by electrochemical techniques - field experience. In Corrosion of steel in concrete, EFC Publication No. 25, The Institute of Materials, London, 1999.
5. R. Cigna, C. Andrade, U. Nürnberger, R. Polder, R. Weydert, E. Seitz (Eds.), Final report "Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures", COST 521, Luxembourg, 1993.
6. Yeih W., Chang J.J., and Hung C.C. Selecting an adequate procedure for the electrochemical chloride removal. Cement and Concrete Research 36 (2006) 562-570
7. Chang J.J. Bond degradation due to the ECR process. Construction and Building Materials 17 4 (2003) 281-287
8. J. Tritthart, Electrochemical chloride removal - how does it work? in: Int. Conf. Repair of Concrete Structures, Svolvaer, Norway 28-30, May 1997, Norwegian Public Road Administration, 1997, pp. 297-307.
9. B. Elsener, Ionenmigration und elektrische Leitfähigkeit von Beton, SIA Dokumentation D065, Schweiz. Ingenieur und Architektenverein, Zürich, 1990, pp. 51-59.
10. Swamy R.N., and McHugh S. Effectiveness and structural implications of electrochemical chloride extraction from reinforced concrete beams. Cement and Concrete Composites 28 (2006) 722-733
11. Fajardo G., Escadeillas G., and Arliguie G. Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) from steel-reinforced concrete specimens contaminated by "artificial" sea-water. Corrosion Science 48 (2006) 110-125
12. 3A of the cement on treatment efficiency. Cement and Concrete Research 36 (2006) 1939-1946
13. Castellote M., Andrade C., and Alonso C. Electrochemical removal of chlorides - modelling of the extraction, resulting profiles and determination of the efficient time of treatment. Cement and Concrete Research 30 (2000) 615-621
14. Hassanein A.M., Glass G.K., and Buenfeld N.R. A mathematical model for electrochemical removal of chloride from concrete structures. Corrosion NACE 54 (1998) 323-332
15. Elsener B., Zimmermann L., and Böhni H. Non destructive determination of the free chloride content in cement based materials. Materials and Corrosion 54 (2003) 440-446
16. U. Angst, B. Elsener, Electrochemical chloride removal - new insights, in: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. "Concrete Solutions", St. Malo, France, June 2006, pp. 242-249.
17. B. Elsener, L. Zimmermann, D. Flückiger, D. Bürchler, H. Böhni, Chloride penetration - non-destructive determination of the free chloride content in mortar and concrete, in: Proc. RILEM Int. Workshop "Chloride penetration into concrete", RILEM, 1997, pp. 17-26.
18. U. Angst, Electrochemical chloride extraction - efficiency measured with chloride sensors and effect on the steel-concrete interface, Master's thesis, Institute of Building Materials (IfB) ETH Zurich, January 2005.
19. 2 and NaCl additions on concrete corrosivity. Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1209-1217
20. Glass G.K., Reddy B., and Buenfeld N.R. The participation of bound chloride in passive film breakdown on steel in concrete. Corrosion Science 42 (2000) 2013-2021
21. Reddy B., Glass G.K., Lim P.J., and Buenfeld N.R. On the corrosion risk presented by chloride bound in concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites 24 (2002) 1-5
22. Tritthart J. Chloride binding in cement - II. The influence of the hydroxide concentration in the pore solution of hardened cement paste on chloride binding. Cement and Concrete Research 19 (1989) 683-691
23. Nielsen E.P., Herfort D., and Geiker M.R. Binding of chloride and alkalis in portland cement systems. Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005) 117-123
24. Buenfeld N.R., Glass G.K., Hassanein A.M., and Zang J.-Z. Chloride transport in concrete subjected to electric field. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 10 4 (1998)
25. Delagrave A., Marchand J., Ollivier J.-P., Julien S., and Hazrati K. Chloride binding capacity of various hydrated cement paste systems. Advanced Cement Based Materials 6 (1997) 28-35
26. Tang L., and Nilsson L.-O. Chloride binding capacity and binding isotherms of OPC pastes and mortars. Cement and Concrete Research 23 (1993) 247-253
27. G.K. Glass, N.R. Buenfeld, The determination of chloride binding relationships, in: Proc. RILEM Int. Workshop "Chloride penetration into concrete", 1997, pp. 17-26.
28. Tritthart J., Pettersson K., and Sorensen B. Electrochemical removal of chloride from hardened cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research 23 (1993) 1095-1104
29. Siegwart M., Lyness J.F., and McFarland B.J. Change of pore size in concrete due to electrochemical chloride extraction and possible implications for the migration of ions. Cement and Concrete Research 33 (2003) 1211-1221
30. Marcotte T.D., Hansson C.M., and Hope B.B. The effect of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel-reinforced mortar, part II: microstructural characterization. Cement and Concrete Research 29 (1999) 1561-1568
31. C. Alonso, C. Andrade, M. Castellote, Process developed during extraction and realkalisation, in: COST521, Proc. 2001 Workshop, Tampere Finland, 2001, pp. 271-276.
32. Saito H., Nakane S., Ikari S., and Fujiwara A. Preliminary experimental study on the deterioration of cementitious materials by an acceleration method. Nuclear Engineering and Design 138 (1992) 151-155
33. Tritthart J. Changes in pore water composition and in total chloride content at different levels of cement paste plates under different storage conditions. Cement and Concrete Research 22 (1992) 129-138