Secondary forest succession differs through naturalised gorse and native känuka near Wellington and Nelson

New Zealand Journal of Ecology

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 22-38

  Sullivan, Jon J ^a   Williams, Peter A ^b   Timmins, Susan M ^c  

^a LINCOLN UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b LANDCARE RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^c DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Forest restoration; Invasive plants; Successional pathways; Weed impacts

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; SECONDARY FOREST; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; VEGETATION COVER;

AUSTRALASIA; NELSON; NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; SOUTH ISLAND; WELLINGTON [NORTH ISLAND];

FABACEAE; KUNZEA; KUNZEA ERICOIDES; LEPTOSPERMUM; LEPTOSPERMUM SCOPARIUM; MAGNOLIOPHYTA; MYRTACEAE; ORCHIDACEAE; ULEX EUROPAEUS;

EID: 36049047366     PISSN: 01106465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Adair RJ, Groves RH 1998. National weeds programme. Impact of environmental weeds on biodiversity: a review and development of a methodology. Canberra, Environment Australia.
2. Allen RB, Partridge TR, Lee WG, Efford M 1992. Ecology of Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson (kanuka) in east Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 30: 135-149.
3. Atkinson IAE 1962. Semi-quantitative measurements of canopy composition as a basis for mapping vegetation. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 9: 1-8.
4. Baylis GTS 1971. Endogonaceous mycorrhizas synthesised in Leptospermum (Myrtaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 293-296.
5. Bellingham PJ, Peltzer DA, Walker LR 2005. Contrasting impacts of a native and an invasive exotic shrub on flood-plain succession. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 135-142.
6. Blaschke PM, Hunter GG, Eyles GO, Van Berkel PR 1981. Analysis of New Zealand's vegetation cover using land resource inventory data. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 4: 1-19.
7. Bray JR, Burke WD, Struik GJ 1999. Propagule dispersion and forest regeneration in Leptospermum scoparium (manuka)-L. ericoides (kanuka) forests following fire in Golden Bay, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 24: 35-52.
8. Burrows CJ 1994. Seed trapping in Ahuriri Summit Bush Scenic Reserve, Port Hills, western Banks Peninsula, 1985-86. New Zealand Journal of Botany 32: 183-215.
9. Chapin FS III, Walker LR, Fastie CL, Sharman LC 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecological Monographs 64: 149-175.
10. Clarke KR, Gorley RN 2001. Primer v5: User manual/tutorial. Plymouth, UK, PRIMER-E.
11. Cockayne L 1919. New Zealand plants and their story. Wellington, Government Printer.
12. Connell JH, Slatyer R 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. American Naturalist 111: 1119-1144.
13. Cook WM, Yao J, Foster BL, Holt RD, Patrick LB 2005. Secondary succession in an experimentally fragmented landscape: community patterns across space and time. Ecology 86: 1267-1279.
14. Debussche M, Escarre J, Lepart J 1980. Changes in Mediterranean shrub communities with Cytisus purgans and Genista scorpius. Vegetatio 43: 73-82.
15. Department of Conservation 2003. National weeds database, mounted on DOC intranet on BioWeb. Unpublished data, viewed January 2003, 276 DOC weeds listed. Wellington, Department of Conservation.
16. Druce AP 1957. Botanical survey of an experimental catchment, Taita, New Zealand. DSIR Bulletin 124.
17. Egler FE 1954. Vegetation science concepts I. Initial floristic composition, a factor in old-field vegetation development. Vegetatio 4: 412-417.
18. Egunjobi JK 1969. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in secondary successions involving gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) and associated shrubs and trees. New Zealand Journal of Science 12: 175-193.
19. Esler AE 1988. Naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland. Wellington, DSIR.
20. Esler AE, Astridge SJ 1974. Tea tree (Leptospermum) communities of the Waitakere Range, Auckland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 12: 485-501.
21. Grime JP, Jeffrey DW 1965. Seedling establishment in vertical gradients of sunlight. Journal of Ecology 53: 621-642.
22. Harris RJ, Toft RJ, Dugdale JS, Williams PA, Rees JS 2004. Insect assemblages in a native (kanuka - Kunzea ericoides) and an invasive (gorse - Ulex europaeus) shrubland. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 28: 35-47.
23. Johns J, Molloy BJ 1983. Native orchids of New Zealand. Reed, Wellington.
24. Krebs CJ 1999. Ecological methodology. Menlo Park, CA, USA, Addison-Welsey Longman.
25. Lee WG, Allen RB, Johnson PN 1986. Succession and dynamics of gorse ( Ulex europaeus L.) communities in the Dunedin Ecological District, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 24: 279-292.
26. McNabb RFR 1968. The Boletaceae of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 6: 137-176.
27. McQueen DR 1993. A review of the interaction between naturalized woody plants and indigenous vegetation in New Zealand. Tuatara 32: 13-32.
28. Miller C, Wells A 2003. Cattle grazing and the regeneration of totara (Podocarpus totara var. waihoensis) on river terraces, South Westland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 27: 37-44.
29. Molloy BPJ 1975. Manuka and kanuka. In: Knox R ed. New Zealand's nature heritage, Vol. 6. Hong Kong, Paul Hamlyn. Pp. 2469-2471.
30. Monk CD, Gabrielson FC Jr 1985. Effects of shade, litter and root competition on old-field vegetation in South Carolina. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 112: 383-392.
31. Oksanen J, Kindt R, Legendre P, O'Hara RB 2004. vegan: Community Ecology Package version 1.6-4. http://cran.r-project.org/
32. Park GN, Walls GY 1978. Inventory of tall forest stands on lowland plains and terraces in Nelson and Marlborough land districts. Wellington, DSIR.
33. Partridge TR 1989. Soil seed banks of secondary vegetation on the Port Hills and Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand, and their role in succession. New Zealand Journal of Botany 27: 421-436.
34. Poole L, Adams N 1990. Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Wellington, DSIR.
35. Porteous T 1993. Native forest restoration. Wellington, Queen Elizabeth the Second National Trust.
36. R Development Core Team 2003. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing (ISBN 3-900051-00-3, URL http://www.R-project.org).
37. Simberloff D, Von Holle B 1999. Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? Biological Invasions 1: 21-32.
38. Smith JMB 1994. The changing ecological impact of broom (Cytisus scoparius) at Barrington Tops, New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 9: 6-11.
39. Stansbury CD 2001. Dispersal of the environmental weed bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides, by silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis, in south-western Australia. Emu 101: 39-45.
40. Sullivan JJ, Timmins SM, Williams PA 2005. Movement of exotic plants into coastal native forest from gardens in northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 29: 1-10.
41. Timmins SM, Williams PA 1991. Weed numbers in New Zealand's forest and scrub reserves. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 15: 153-162.
42. Titus JH, Tsuyuzaki S 2002. Influence of a non-native invasive tree on primary succession at Mt. Koma, Hokkaido, Japan. Plant Ecology 169: 307-315.
43. Walker LR, Vitousek PM 1991. An invader alters germination and growth of a native dominant tree in Hawai'i. Ecology 72: 1449-1455.
44. Wardle J 1971. The forests and shrublands of the Seaward Kaikoura Range. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 269-292.
45. Wardle J 1984. The New Zealand beeches. Christchurch, New Zealand Forest Service.
46. Wardle P 1991. Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
47. Waterhouse BA 1986. Broom (Cytisus scoparius) at Barrington Tops. Unpublished BA thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
48. Watt MS, Clinton PW, Whitehead D, Richardson B, Mason EG, Leckie AC 2003. Above-ground biomass accumulation and nitrogen fixation of broom (Cytisus scoparius L.) growing with juvenile Pinus radiata on a dryland site. Forest Ecology and Management 184: 93-104.
49. Williams PA 1983. Secondary vegetation succession on the Port Hills Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 21: 237-247.
50. Williams PA, Karl BJ 1996. Fleshy fruits of indigenous and adventive plants in the diet of birds in forest remnants, Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 20: 127-145.
51. Williams PA, Karl BJ 2002. Birds and small mammals in kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) and gorse (Ulex europaeus) scrub and the resulting seed rain and seedling dynamics. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 26: 31-41.
52. Wilson HD 1994. Regeneration of native forest on Hinewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula. New Zealand Journal of Botany 32: 373-383.
53. Wolda H 1981 Similarity indices, sample size and diversity. Oecologia 50: 296-302.
54. Yeates GW, Williams PA 2001. Influence of three invasive weeds and site factors on soil microfauna in New Zealand. Pedobiologia 45: 367-383.
55. Yoshida K, Oka S 2000. Impact of biological invasion of Leucaena leucocephala on successional pathway and species diversity of secondary forest on Hahajima Island, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, northwestern Pacific. Japanese Journal of Ecology 50: 111-119.
56. Yoshida K, Oka S 2004. Invasion of Leucaena leucocephala and its effects on the native plant community in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Weed Technology 18: 1371-1375.