Paranoid delusions and threatening hallucinations: A prospective study of sleep paralysis experiences

Consciousness and Cognition

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 959-974

  Cheyne, J Allan ^a   Girard, Todd A ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Hallucinations; Hypnagogic; Hypnopompic; Sensed presence; Sleep paralysis; Vigilance

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARANOIA; PARASOMNIA; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM; VISUAL HALLUCINATION;

ADULT; AROUSAL; ATTENTION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; CULTURE; DELUSIONS; FEAR; FEMALE; HALLUCINATIONS; HAPPINESS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; PARANOID DISORDERS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SLEEP PARALYSIS;

EID: 36049029111     PISSN: 10538100     EISSN: 10902376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aleman A., and Dehaan E.H.F. On redefining hallucination. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 68 (1998) 656-658
2. Arbuckle J.L. Amos 6.0 user's guide (2005), AMOS Development Corporation, Spring House, PA
3. Arikawa H., Templer D.I., Brown R., Cannon W.G., and Thomas-Dodson S. The structure and correlates of kanashibari. The Journal of Psychology 133 (1999) 369-375
4. Arzy S., Seeck M., Ortigue S., Spinelli L., and Blanke O. Induction of an illusory shadow person. Nature 443 (2006) 287
5. Arzy S., Thut G., Mohr C., Michelle C.M., and Blanke O. Neural basis of embodiment: distinct contributions of temporoparietal junction and extrastriate body area. The Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006) 8075-8081
6. Awadalla A., Al-Fayez G., Harville M., Arikawa H., Tomeao M.E., Templer D.I., et al. Comparative prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis in Kuwaiti, Sudanese, and American college students. Psychological Reports 95 (2004) 317-322
7. Blanchard D.C., and Blanchard R.J. Ethnoexperimental approaches to the biology of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology 39 (1988) 43-68
8. Blanke O., Landis T., Spinelli L., and Seeck M. Out-of-body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin. Brain 127 (2004) 243-258
9. Blanke O., Ortigue S., Landis T., and Seeck M. Stimulating own-body perceptions. Nature 419 (2002) 269-270
10. Bollen K.A., and Stine R.A. Bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation models. In: Bollen K.A., and Long J.S. (Eds). Testing structural equation models (1993), Sage, Newbury Park; CA
11. Braun A.R., Balkin T.J., Wesensten N.J., Carson R.E., Varga M., Baldwin P., et al. Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. Brain 120 (1997) 1173-1197
12. Buchanan T., Ali Y., Heffernan T.M., Ling J., Parrot A.C., Rodgers J., et al. Nonequivalence of on-line and paper-and-pencil tests: the case of the prospective memory questionnaire. Behavior Research Methods 37 (2005) 148-154
13. Buzzi G., and Cirignotta F. Isolated sleep paralysis: a web survey. Sleep Research Online 3 2 (2000) 61-66
14. Cheyne J.A. The Ominous Numinous: sensed presence and other hallucinations. Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (2001) 51-68
15. Cheyne J.A. Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations: position and timing effects. Journal of Sleep Research 11 (2002) 169-177
16. Cheyne J.A. Sleep paralysis and the structure of waking-nightmare hallucinations. Dreaming 13 (2003) 163-179
17. Cheyne J.A. Sleep paralysis episode frequency and number, types, and structure of associated hallucinations. Journal of Sleep Research 14 (2005) 319-324
18. Cheyne J.A., and Girard T.A. Spatial characteristics of hallucinations associated with sleep paralysis. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 9 (2004) 281-300
19. Cheyne J.A., Newby-Clark I.R., and Rueffer S.D. Sleep paralysis and associated hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences. Journal of Sleep Research 8 (1999) 313-317
20. Cheyne J.A., Rueffer S.D., and Newby-Clark I.R. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis: neurological and cultural construction of the night-mare. Consciousness and Cognition 8 (1999) 319-337
21. Cowlishaw G. Vulnerability to predation in baboon populations. Behaviour 131 (1994) 293-304
22. Curio E. Proximate and developmental aspects of antipredator behavior. Advances in the Study of Behavior 22 (1993) 135-258
23. Dahmen N., and Kasten M. REM-associated hallucinations and sleep paralysis are dependent on body posture. Journal of Neurology 248 (2001) 423-424
24. Dahmen N., Kasten M., Müller M.J., and Mittag K. Frequency and dependence on body posture of hallucinations and sleep paralysis in a community sample. Journal of Sleep Research 11 (2002) 179-180
25. De Gelder B., Morris J.S., and Dolan R.J. Unconscious fear influences conscious awareness of faces and voices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (2006) 18682-18687
26. Douglas N.J. Breathing during sleep in normal subjects. In: Cooper R. (Ed). Sleep (1994), Chapman, London 76-95
27. Downing P.E., Jiang Y., Shuman M., and Kanwisher N. A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body. Science 293 (2001) 2470-2473
28. Fukuda K., Ogilvie R.D., Chilcott L., Vendittelli A.-M., and Takeuchi T. The prevalence of sleep paralysis among Canadian and Japanese college students. Dreaming 8 (1998) 59-66
29. Girard T.A., and Cheyne J.A. Individual differences in lateralization of hallucinations associated with sleep paralysis. Laterality 9 (2004) 93-111
30. Girard T.A., and Cheyne J.A. Timing of spontaneous sleep paralysis episodes. Journal of Sleep Research 15 (2006) 222-229
31. Girard T.A., Martius D.L.M.A., and Cheyne J.A. Mental representation of space: Insights from oblique distribution of hallucinations. Neuropsychologia 45 (2007) 1257-1269
32. Harris J.C. The nightmare. Archives of General Psychiatry 61 (2004) 439-440
33. Haselton M.G., and Nettle D. The paranoid optimist: an integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 (2006) 47-66
34. Hishikawa Y. Sleep paralysis. In: Guilleminault C., Dement W.C., and Passouant P. (Eds). Advances in sleep research Vol. 3 (1976), Spectrum, New York 97-124
35. Hishikawa Y., and Shimizu T. Physiology of REM sleep, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis. In: Fahn S., Hallett M., Lüders H.O., and Marsden C.D. (Eds). Advances in neurology Vol. 67 (1995), Lippencott-Raven, Philadelphia 245-271
36. Huang H.-M. Do print and web surveys provide the same results?. Computers in Human Behavior 22 (2006) 334-335
37. ICSD-International classification of sleep disorders: Diagnostic and coding manual. (1990). Thorpy, M. J. Chairman. Rochester, MN: American Sleep Disorders Association.
38. Jaspers, K. (1997). General psychopathology, In Hoenig, J. & Hamilton, M.W., Trans. (Vol. 1), Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
39. Jöreskog K.G., and Sörbom D. Lisrel-VI user's guide. 3rd ed. (1984), Scientific Software, Mooresville, IN
40. Kiernan N.E., Kiernan M., Oyler M.A., and Gilles C. Is a web survey as effective a mail survey? A field experiment among computer users. American Journal of Evaluation 26 (2005) 245-252
41. Kline R.B. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (1998), The Guilford Press, London
42. Kotorii T., Uchimura N., Hashizume Y., Shirakawa S., Satomura T., Tanaka J., et al. Questionnaire relating to sleep paralysis. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 55 (2001) 265-266
43. LaBerge S. Lucid dreaming (1985), Tarcher, Los Angeles, CA
44. LeDoux J.E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience 23 (2000) 153-184
45. Liddon S.C. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations: their relationship to the nightmare. Archives of General Psychiatry 17 (1967) 88-96
46. Lima S.L., and Dill L.M. Behavioural decisions made under the threat of predation. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 68 (1990) 619-640
47. Lima S.L., Rattenborg N.C., Lescu J.A., and Amlaner C.J. Sleeping under the risk of predation. Animal Behaviour 70 (2005) 723-736
48. MacNish R. The philosophy of sleep (1834), D. Appleton & Co, New York
49. Maher B.A. Psychopathology and delusions: Reflections on methods and models. In: Lenzenweger M.F., and Hooley J.M. (Eds). Principles of Experimental Psychopathology: Essays in honor of Brendan A. Maher (2003), APA, Washington, DC
50. Maquet P., Péters J.-M., Aerts J., Delfiore G., Degueldre C., Luxen A., et al. Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature 383 (1996) 163-166
51. McCabe S.E. Comparison of web and mail surveys in collecting illicit drug use data: a randomized experiment. Journal of Drug Education 34 (2004) 61-72
52. McCabe S.E., Couper M.P., Cranford J.A., and Boyd C.J. Comparison of web and mail surveys for studying secondary consequences associated with substance abuse: evidence for minimal mode effects. Addictive Behaviors 31 (2006) 162-168
53. Nofzinger E.A., Mintun M.A., Wiseman M.B., Kupfer D.J., and Moore R.Y. Forebrain activation in REM sleep: An FDG PET study. Brain Research 770 (1997) 192-201
54. Nofzinger E.A., Mintun M.A., Price J., Meltzer C.C., Townsend D., Buysse D.J., et al. A method for the assessment of the functional neuroanatomy of human sleep using FD PET. Brain Research Protocols 2 (1998) 191-198
55. Ohayon M.M., Zulley J., Guilleminault C., and Smirne S. Prevalence and pathological associations of sleep paralysis in the general population. Neurology 52 (1999) 1194-1200
56. Öhman A., and Wiens S. The concept of an evolved fear module and cognitive theories and anxiety. In: Manstead A.S.R., Frijda N., and Fischer A. (Eds). Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium (2004), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 58-80
57. Parker J.D., and Blackmore S.J. Comparing the content of sleep paralysis and dream reports. Dreaming 12 (2002) 45-59
58. Revonsuo A. The reinterpretation of dreams: an evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 232 (2000) 877-901
59. Ross M.W., Mansson S.A., Daneback K., Cooper A., and Tikkanen R. Biases in internet sexual health samples: comparison of internet sexuality survey and a national sexual health survey in Sweden. Social Science & Medicine 61 (2005) 245-252
60. Saxe R., Jamal N., and Powell L. My body or yours? The effect of visual perspective on cortical body representation. Cerebral Cortex 16 (2006) 178-182
61. Schaller M., Park J.H., and Mueller A. Fear of the dark: interactive effects of beliefs about danger and ambient darkness on ethnic stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29 (2003) 637-649
62. Simard V., and Nielsen T.A. Sleep paralysis-associated sensed presence as a possible manifestation of social anxiety. Dreaming 15 (2005) 245-260
63. Slade P., and Bentall R. Sensory deception: A scientific analysis of hallucination (1988), John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD
64. Spanos N.P., McNulty S.A., DuBreuil S.C., Pires M., and Burgess M.F. The frequency and correlates of sleep paralysis in a university sample. Journal of Research in Personality 29 (1995) 285-305
65. Takeuchi T., Miyasita A., Sasaki Y., Inugami M., and Fukuda K. Isolated sleep paralysis elicited by sleep interruptions. Sleep 15 (1992) 217-225
66. Waller J. A treatise on the Incubus or nightmare (1812), E. Cox and Son, London
67. Weyer, J. (1583/1991). De prestigiis daemonum. Translated as: Witches, devils, and doctors in the renaissance. Mora, G. (Ed.), J. Shea (Trans.) Binghamton, NT: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies.
68. Whalen P.J. Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Current Directions in Psychological Science 7 (1998) 177-188
69. Whalen P.J., Rauch S.L., Etcoff N.L., McInerney S.C., Lee M.B., and Jenike M.A. Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience 18 (1998) 411-418
70. Wing Y.-K., Chiu H., Leung T., and Ng J. Sleep paralysis in the elderly. Journal of Sleep Research 8 (1999) 151-155