Exploring impaired consciousness: The MRI approach

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 627-631

  Galanaud, Damien ^a,b   Naccache, Lionel ^a   Puybasset, Louis ^a  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Brain; Functional MRI; Imaging traumatic; Injury anoxia; Spectroscopy diffusion; Tensor

Indexed keywords

AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN REGION; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; HUMAN; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; REVIEW;

EID: 36049017032     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f169ec     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. Ammermann H, Kassubek J, Lotze M, et al. MRI brain lesion patterns in patients in anoxia-induced vegetative state. J Neurol Sci 2007; 260:65-70. Describes the topography of white matter lesions in AII.
2. Marino S, Zei E, Battaglini M, et al. Acute metabolic brain changes following traumatic brain injury and their relevance to clinical severity and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:501-507. Describes the metabolic changes (decrease in N-acetylaspartate and presence of lactate) on MRS examinations performed early (48 hours) after severe TBI.
3. Trivedi MA, Ward MA, Hess TM, et al. Longitudinal changes in global brain volume between 79 and 409 days after traumatic brain injury: relationship with duration of coma. J Neurotrauma 2007; 24:766-771. This study shows that brain atrophy can increase between 2 months and over 1 year after a severe TBI.
4. Carpentier A, Galanaud D, Puybasset L, et al. Early morphologic and spectroscopic magnetic resonance in severe traumatic brain injuries can detect 'invisible brain stem damage' and predict 'vegetative states'. J Neurotrauma 2006; 23:674-685. Shows the potential of the combination of MRI and MRS to determine the prognosis of severe TBI at the acute phase.
5. Schiff ND, Rodriguez-Moreno D, Kamal A, et al. fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. Neurology 2005; 64:514-523.
6. Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, et al. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature 2007; 448:600-603. Significant behavioural improvement was obtained with thalamic neurostimulation in a MCS patient, who had persistent high-level cortical activation detected by fMRI.
7. Di HB, Yu SM, Weng XC, et al. Cerebral response to patient's own name in the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neurology 2007; 68:895-899. Complex patterns of brain activations, similar to conscious patients, can be detected during auditory stimulations in some PVS and MCS patients.
8. Dosenbach NU, Fair DA, Miezin FM, et al. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11073-11078.
9. Staffen W, Kronbichler M, Aichhorn M, et al. Selective brain activity in response to one's own name in the persistent vegetative state. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:1383-1384. Describes the 'resting state' fMRI method.
10. Salvador R, Suckling J, Coleman MR, et al. Neurophysiological architecture of functional magnetic resonance images of human brain. Cereb Cortex 2005; 15:1332-1342.
11. Flickers of consciousness. Nature 2006; 443:121-122.
12. Naccache L. Psychology: is she conscious? Science 2006; 313:1395-1396.
13. Hopkin M. 'Vegetative' patient shows signs of conscious thought. Nature 2006; 443:132-133.
14. Siva N. Patient in a coma plays tennis. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5:906.
15. Owen AM, Coleman MR, Boly M, et al. Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science 2006; 313:1402. A PVS patient was able to 'perform' complex tasks on fMRI, most noticeably 'playing tennis'.
16. Bernat JL, Rottenberg DA. Conscious awareness in PVS and MCS: the borderlands of neurology. Neurology 2007; 68:885-886.
17. Gasser T, Sandalcioglu E, Schoch B, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in anesthetized patients: a relevant step toward real-time intraoperative functional neuroimaging. Neurosurgery 2005; 57 (1 Suppl): 94-99.
18. Marcar VL, Schwarz U, Martin E, Loenneker T. How depth of anesthesia influences the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal from the visual cortex of children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27:799-805.
19. Plourde G, Belin P, Chartrand D, et al. Cortical processing of complex auditory stimuli during alterations of consciousness with the general anesthetic propofol. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:448-457.
20. Wang SM, Constable RT, Tokoglu FS, et al. Acupuncture-induced blood oxygenation level-dependent signals in awake and anesthetized volunteers: a pilot study. Anesth Analg 2007; 105:499-506. Describes the variations in fMRI patterns during acupuncture in patients with and without general anesthesia.
21. Vincent JL, Patel GH, Fox MD, et al. Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain. Nature 2007; 447:83-86. Shows that the monkey displays similar 'resting state' patterns with and without general anesthesia.
22. Naccache L, Gaillard R, Adam C, et al. A direct intracranial record of emotions evoked by subliminal words. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:7713-7717.
23. Lamme VA, Roelfsema PR. The distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing. Trends Neurosci 2000; 23:571-579.
24. Voss HU, Uluc AM, Dyke JP, et al. Possible axonal regrowth in late recovery from the minimally conscious state. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:2005-2011. An increase in FA was observed in two MCS patients many years after a severe TBI.
25. Laureys S, Boly M, Maquet P. Tracking the recovery of consciousness from coma. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1823-1825.