Triggering psoriasis: the role of infections and medications

Clinics in Dermatology

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 606-615

  Fry, Lionel ^a   Baker, Barbara S ^b  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; AMIODARONE; AMOXICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLOROQUINE; CIMETIDINE; CLONIDINE; CYCLIC AMP; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXYCYCLINE; FLUOXETINE; GEMFIBROZIL; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; IMIQUIMOD; LITHIUM; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; PENICILLIN G; PROPRANOLOL; QUINIDINE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CANDIDA ALBICANS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFECTION; MALASSEZIA; PAPILLOMA VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; RETROVIRUS; RISK FACTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; TONSILLITIS;

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MYCOSES; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PSORIASIS; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 36048994573     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.08.015     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Norrlind R. Significance of infections in origin of psoriasis. Acta Rheumatol Scand 1 (1955) 135-144
2. Belew P.W., Wannamaker L.W., Johnson D., et al. Beta haemolytic streptococcal types associated with psoriasis. In: Kimura K., Kotami S., and Shiokawa Y. (Eds). Recent advances in streptococci and streptococcal diseases (1985), Readbooks Ltd, UK 334
3. Telfer N.R., Chalmers R.J.G., Whale K., et al. The role of streptococcal infection in the initiation of guttate psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 128 (1992) 39-42
4. Tervaert W.C., and Esseveld H. A study of the incidence of haemolytic streptococci in the throat in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, with reference to their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Dermatologica 140 (1970) 282-290
5. Wardrop P., Weller R., Marais J., et al. Tonsillitis and chronic psoriasis. Clin Otolaryngol 23 (1998) 67-68
6. Gudjonsson J.E., Thorarinsson A.M., Sigurgeirsson B., et al. Streptococcal throat infections and exacerbation of chronic plaque psoriasis: a prospective study. Br J Dermatol 149 (2003) 530-534
7. Osterlund A., Popa R., Nikkila T., et al. Intracellular reservoir of Streptococcus pyogenes in vivo: a possible explanation for recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Laryngoscope 107 (1997) 640-647
8. Molinari G., and Chhatwal G.S. Streptococcal invasion. Curr Opin Microbiol 2 (1999) 56-61
9. Rantakokko K., Rimpilainen M., Uksila J., et al. Antibodies to streptococcal cell wall in psoriatic arthritis and cutaneous psoriasis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 15 (1997) 399-404
10. Nyfors A., Rasmussen P.A., Lemholt K., et al. Improvement of recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris after tonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol 90 (1976) 789-794
11. Hone S.W., Donnelly M.J., Powell F., et al. Clearance of recalcitrant psoriasis after tonsillectomy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 21 (1996) 546-547
12. Weisenseel P., and Prinz J.C. Incidental detection of S. pyogenes-DNA in psoriatic skin by PCR. Arch Dermatol Res 296 (2005) 573-576
13. Ong P.Y., Ohtake T., Brandt C., et al. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 1151-1160
14. Nomura I., Goleva E., Howell M.D., et al. Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis, as compared to psoriasis, skin prevents induction of innate immune response genes. J Immunol 171 (2003) 3262-3269
15. Honig P.J. Gutatte psoriasis associated with perianal streptococcal disease. J Paediatr 113 (1988) 1037-1039
16. Leung D.Y., Gately M., Trumble A., et al. Bacterial superantigens induce T cell expression of the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, via stimulation of interleukin-12 production. J Exp Med 181 (1995) 747-753
17. Leung D.Y.M., Travers J.B., Giorno R., et al. Evidence for a streptococcal superantigen-driven process in acute guttate psoriasis. J Clin Invest 96 (1995) 2106-2112
18. Menssen A., Trommler P., Vollmer S., et al. Evidence for an antigen-specific cellular immune response in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Immunol 155 (1995) 4078-4083
19. Diluvio L., Vollmer S., Besqen P., et al. Identical T-cell receptor β-chain rearrangements in streptococcal angina and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Immunol 176 (2006) 1704-1711
20. Brown D.W., Baker B.S., Ovigne J.-M., et al. Skin CD4+ T cells produce interferon-gamma in vitro in response to streptococcal antigens in chronic plaque psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 114 (2000) 576-580
21. Brown D.W., Baker B.S., Ovigne J.-M., et al. Non-M protein on the cell wall and membrane of group A streptococci induces IFN-γ production by dermal CD4+ T cells in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 293 (2001) 165-170
22. Baker B.S., Ovigne J.-M., Fischetti V.A., et al. Selective response of dermal Th-1 cells to 20-50 kDa streptococcal cell wall proteins in chronic plaque psoriasis. Scand J Immunol 58 (2003) 335-341
23. Baker B.S., Laman J.D., Powles A., et al. Peptidoglycan and peptidoglycan-specific Th-1 cells in psoriasis lesions. J Pathol 209 (2006) 174-181
24. Gudmundsdottir A.S., Sigmundsdottir H., Sigurgeirsson B., et al. Is an epitope on keratin 17 a major target for autoreactive T lymphocytes in psoriasis?. Clin Exp Immunol 117 (1999) 580-586
25. Shen Z., Wang G., Fan J.Y., et al. HLA-DR B1*04, *07-restricted epitopes on keratin 17 for autoreactive T cells in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 38 (2005) 25-39
26. Johnston A., Gudjonsson J.E., Sigmundsdottir H., et al. Peripheral blood T cell responses to keratin peptides that share sequences with streptococcal M proteins are largely restricted to skin-homing CD8+ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 138 (2004) 83-93
27. Leung D.Y.M., Harbeck R., Bina P., et al. Presence of IgE antibodies to staphylococcal exotoxins on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Evidence for a new group of allergens. J Clin Invest 92 (1993) 1374-1380
28. Brook I. Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions. J Med Microbiol 51 (2002) 808-812
29. Tomi N.S., Kränke B., and Aberer E. Staphylococcal toxins in patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and erythroderma, and in healthy control subjects. J Am Acad Dermatol 53 (2005) 67-72
30. Travers J.B., Hamid Q.A., Norris D.A., et al. Epidermal HLA-DR and the enhancement of cutaneous reactivity to superantigenic toxins in psoriasis. J Clin Invest 104 (1999) 1181-1189
31. Ajib R., Janbazian L., Rahal E., et al. HLA allele associations and V-beta T-lymphocyte expansions in patients with psoriasis, harbouring toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Biotech 4 (2005) 310-315
32. Farr P.M., Krause L.B., Marks J.M., et al. Response of scalp psoriasis to oral ketoconazole. Lancet 2 (1985) 921-922
33. Rosenberg E.W., and Belew P.W. Improvement of psoriasis of the scalp with ketoconazole. Arch Dermatol 118 (1982) 370-371
34. Lober C.W., Belew P.W., Rosenberg E.W., et al. Patch tests with killed sonicated microflora in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 118 (1982) 322-325
35. Elewski B. Does Pityrosporum ovale have a role in psoriasis?. Arch Dermatol 126 (1990) 1111-1112
36. Bunse T., and Mahrle G. Soluble Pityrosporum-derived chemoattractant for polymorphonuclear leukocytes of psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol 76 (1996) 10-12
37. Mathov I., Plotkin L., Abatangelo C., et al. Antibodies from patients with psoriasis recognise N-acetyl-glucosamine terminals in glycoproteins from Pityrosporum ovale. Clin Exp Immunol 105 (1996) 79-83
38. Baker B.S., Powles A., Garioch J.J., et al. Differential reactivity to the round and oval forms of Pityrosporum in the skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 136 (1997) 319-325
39. Baroni A., Paoletti I., Ruocco E., et al. Possible role of Malassezia furfur in psoriasis: modulation of TGF-β1, integrin and HSP70 expression in human keratinocytes and in the skin of psoriasis-affected patients. J Cutan Pathol 31 (2004) 35-42
40. Leung D.Y.M., Walsh P., Giorno R., et al. A potential role for superantigens in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 100 (1993) 225-228
41. Buslau M., Menzel I., and Holzmann H. Fungal flora of human faeces in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Mycoses 33 (1990) 90-94
42. Sneff H., Bothe C., and Busacker J. Studies on the yeast flora in patients suffering from psoriasis capillitii or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Mycoses 33 (1990) 29-32
43. Waldman A., Gilhar A., Duek L., et al. Incidence of Candida in psoriasis-a study on the fungal flora of psoriatic patients. Mycoses 44 (2001) 77-81
44. Buslau M., Hanel H., and Holzman H. The significance of yeasts in seborrheic dermatitis. Hautarzt 40 (1989) 611-613
45. Favre M., Orth G., Majewski S., et al. Psoriasis: a possible reservoir for human papillomavirus type 5, the virus associated with skin carcinomas of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J Invest Dermatol 110 (1998) 311-317
46. Wiessenborn S.J., Hopfl R., Weber F., et al. High prevalence of a variety of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomaviruses in psoriatic skin of patients treated or not treated with PUVA. J Invest Dermatol 133 (1999) 122-126
47. Majewski S., Favre M., Orth G., et al. Is human papillomavirus type 5 the putative autoantigen involved in psoriasis?. J Invest Dermatol 111 (1998) 541-542
48. Ramoz N., Rueda L.A., Bouadjar B., et al. A susceptibility locus for epidermodysplasia verruciformis, an abnormal predisposition to infection with the oncogenic human papillomavirus type 5, maps to chromosome 17 qter in a region containing a psoriasis locus. J Invest Dermatol 112 (1999) 259-263
49. Dalen A.B., Hellgren L., Iversen O.J., et al. A virus-like particle associated with psoriasis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [B] 91 (1983) 221-229
50. Iversen O.J., Nissen-Meyjer J., and Dalen A.B. Characterisation of virus-like particles from a psoriatic patient with respect to the possible presence of particle-associated RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol. Scand [B] 91 (1983) 413-417
51. Guilhou J.J., Vannereau H., Theunynck D., et al. Virological studies on psoriatic lymphocytes. In: Farber E.M., Cox A.J., Nall L., and Jacobs P.H. (Eds). Psoriasis (1982), Grune and Stratton Inc, New York 251-252
52. Molés J.P., Hadi J.C., and Guilhou J.J. High prevalence of an IgG response against murine leukaemia virus (MLV) in patients with psoriasis. Virus Res 94 (2003) 97-101
53. Duvic M., Johnson T.M., Rapini R.P., et al. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated psoriasis and Reiter's syndrome. Arch Dermatol 123 (1987) 1622-1632
54. Leonard J.M., Abramczuk J.W., Pezen D.S., et al. Development of disease and virus recovery in transgenic mice containing HIV proviral DNA. Science 242 (1988) 1665-1670
55. De Socio G., Simonetti S., and Stagni G. Clinical improvement of psoriasis in an AIDS patient effectively treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 38 (2006) 74-75
56. Namazi M.R. Paradoxical exacerbation of psoriasis in AIDS: proposed explanations including the potential roles of substance P and Gram-negative bacteria. Autoimmunity 37 (2004) 67-71
57. Rebora A. Human endogenous retroviruses and their possible impact on dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 52 (2005) e11-e19
58. Hohenadl C., Germaier H., Walchner M., et al. Transcriptional activation of endogenous retroviral sequences in human epidermal keratinocytes by UVB irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 113 (1999) 587-594
59. Andersson A.C., Merza M., Venables P., et al. Elevated levels of the endogenous retrovirus ERV3 in human sebaceous glands. J Invest Dermatol 106 (1996) 125-128
60. Molès J.-P., Tesniere A., and Guilhou J.-J. A new endogenous retroviral sequence is expressed in skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 153 (2005) 83-89
61. Bessis D., Molès J.-P., Basset-Séguin N., et al. Differential expression of a human endogenous retrovirus E transmembrane envelope glycoprotein in normal, psoriatic and atopic dermatitis human skin. Br J Dermatol 151 (2004) 737-745
62. Stevens R.W., Baltch A.L., Smith R.P., et al. Antibody to human endogenous retrovirus peptide in urine of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6 (1999) 783-786
63. Lawoko A., Johansson B., Rabinayaran D., et al. Increased immunoglobulin G, but not M, binding to endogenous retroviral antigens in HIV-1 infected persons. J Med Virol 62 (2000) 435-444
64. Foerster J., Nolte I., Junge J., et al. Haplotype sharing analysis identifies a retroviral dUTPase as candidate susceptibility gene for psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 124 (2005) 99-102
65. Walchner M., Leib-Mosch C., Messer G., et al. Endogenous retroviral sequences as a factor in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Hautarzt 47 (1996) 502-509
66. Abel E.A., Dicicco L.M., Orenberg E.K., et al. Drugs in exacerbation of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 15 (1986) 1007-1022
67. Carter T.N. The relationship of lithium carbonate to psoriasis. Psychosomatics 13 (1972) 325-327
68. Bakker J.B., and Pepplinkhuizen L. More about the relationship of lithium to psoriasis. Psychosomatics 17 (1976) 143-146
69. Skoven I., and Thormann J. Lithium compound treatment and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 115 (1979) 1185-1187
70. Sarantidis D., and Walters B. A review and controlled study of cutaneous conditions associated with lithium carbonate. Br J Psychiatry 143 (1983) 42-50
71. White S.W. Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis provoked by lithium therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 7 (1982) 660-662
72. Tsankov N., Angelova I., and Kazandjeva J. Drug induced psoriasis: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 1 (2000) 159-165
73. Yeung C.K., and Chan H.H.L. Cutaneous adverse effects of lithium: epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 5 (2004) 3-8
74. Fox B.J., and Goette D.K. Lithium induced psoriasiform dermatitis. J Assoc Military Dermatol 10 (1984) 35-37
75. Lambert D., Beer F., Gisselman R., et al. Manifestations cutanées des therapeutiques par le lithium. Am Derm Venereol 109 (1982) 19-24
76. Ockenfels H.M., Nussbaum G., Schultewolter T., et al. Tyrosine phosphorylation in psoriasis T cells is modified by drugs that induce or improve psoriasis. Dermatology 191 (1995) 217-225
77. Gill R., Mohammed R., Badyal R., et al. High resolution structure of myo-inositol monophosphatase, the putative target of lithium therapy. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 61 (2005) 545-555
78. Allan S.J.R., Kavanagh G.M., Herdt R.M., et al. The effect of inositol supplements on the psoriasis of patients taking lithium: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004) 966-969
79. Ockenfels H.M., Wagner S.M., Keim-Mass C., et al. Lithium and psoriasis: cytokine modulation of cultured lymphocytes and psoriatic keratinocytes by lithium. Arch Dermatol Res 288 (1996) 173-178
80. Knijff E.M., Kupka R.W., and Ruwhof C. Evidence that the immunopathogenic mechanism of lithium induced psoriasis differs from that of regular psoriasis. Bipolar Disord 7 (2005) 388-389
81. Heng M.C.Y., and Heng M.K. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonist-induced psoriasiform eruption. Int J Dermatol 27 (1988) 619-627
82. Jenson H., Mikkelsen I., Wadskov F., et al. Cutaneous reactions to propranolol (Inderal). Acta Med Scand 199 (1976) 363-367
83. Halvey S., and Feuerman E.J. Psoriasiform eruption induced by propranolol. Cutis 24 (1979) 95-98
84. Kaur S., Kumar B., Kaur I., et al. Psoriasis-as side-effect of β adrenergic blocking agent-propranolol. Indian Heart J 35 (1983) 181-183
85. Cohen A.D., Bonneh D.Y., Reuveni M., et al. Drug exposure and psoriasis vulgaris: case-control and case-crossover studies. Acta Derm Venereol 85 (2005) 299-303
86. O'Brien M., and Koo J. The mechanism of lithium and beta-blocking agents in inducing and exacerbating psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol 5 (2006) 426-432
87. Friedman S.S. Pustular psoriasis associated with hydroxychloroquine. J Am Acad Dermatol 16 (1987) 1256-1257
88. Cornbleet T. Preliminary and short report: action of synthetic anti-malarial drugs on psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 22 (1956) 435-436
89. Baker H. The influence of plaguenil on psoriasis and keratoderma blenorrhagica. Br J Dermatol 78 (1966) 161-166
90. Kuflik E.G. Effect of anti-malarial drugs on psoriasis. Cutis .26 (1980) 153-155
91. Trnavsky K., Zbojanova M., and Vloek F. Anti malarials in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 10 (1983) 833
92. Dika C., Varotti C., Bardazzi F., et al. Drug induced psoriasis: an evidence based overview and the introduction of psoriatic drug eruption probability score. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 25 (2006) 1-11
93. Wolf R., and Schiavo A.L. Is transglutaminase the mediator between anti malarial drugs and psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 36 (1997) 10-13
94. Ellis C.N., Fallon J.D., Heezen J.L., et al. Topical indomethacin exacerbates lesions of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 80 (1983) 362
95. Powles A.V., Griffiths C.E.M., Seifert M.H., et al. Exacerbation of psoriasis by indomethacin. Br J Dermatol 117 (1987) 799-800
96. Lazarova A.Z., Tsankov N.K., and Zlatkov N.B. Psoriasis induced by topically applied indomethacin. Clin Exp Dermatol 14 (1989) 2601
97. Tsankov N., Botev-Zlarkov N., and Lazarova A.Z. Psoriasis and drugs. J Am Acad Dermatol 19 (1988) 629-632
98. Naranjo C.A., Busto U., Seller E.M., et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 30 (1981) 239-245
99. David M. Psoriasiform eruption induced by digoxin. Confirmed by re-exposure. J Am Acad Dermatol 5 (1981) 702-703
100. Wilkin J. Exacerbation of psoriasis during clonidine therapy. Arch Dermatol 117 (1981) 4
101. Muir A.D. Amioderone and psoriasis. N Z Med J 95 (1982) 711
102. Harwell W.B. Quinidine induced psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 9 (1983) 278
103. Hemlock C. Fluoxetine-induced psoriasis. Ann Pharmacother 26 (1992) 211-212
104. Brenner S. Psoriasiform eruption induced by anticonvulsants. Isr J Med Sci 30 (1994) 283-286
105. Latini A., and Carducci M. Psoriasis during therapy with olanzapine. Eur J Dermatol 13 (2003) 404-405
106. Katz M. Penicillin-induced generalised pustular psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 17 (1987) 918-920
107. Whittan L.R., Wakelin S.H., and Barker J.N. Generalised pustular psoriasis or drug induced pustulo derma. The use of patch testing. Clin Exp Dermatol 25 (2000) 122-124
108. Epelbaum S. Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis. Pediatric 44 (1989) 387-389
109. Funk J. Psoriasis induced by alpha-interferon. Br J Dematol 1254 (1991) 463-465
110. Navne J.E., Hedegaard U., and Bygum A. Activation of psoriasis in patients undergoing treatment with β-interferon. Ugeskr Laeger 167 (2005) 2903-2904
111. Fanti PA, Dika E, Vaccari S, et al. Generalized psoriasis induced by topical treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:1464-5.
112. Andersen M. Exacerbation of psoriasis during treatment with H2 antagonists. Ugeskr Laeger 153 (1991) 132
113. Fisher D.A., Elia P.M., and Leboit P.L. Exacerbation of psoriasis by the hypolipidemic agent, gemfibrozil. Arch Dermatol 124 (1988) 854-855