Capillary heat loop technology: Space applications and recent Canadian activities

Applied Thermal Engineering

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 284-303

  Wang, Guanghan ^a   Mishkinis, Donatas ^a   Nikanpour, Darius ^a  

^a CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canadian space agency; Capillary heat loops; Capillary pumped loops; Loop heat pipe; Spacecraft thermal control

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER HARDWARE; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; NUMERICAL METHODS; SPACE APPLICATIONS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;

CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY; CAPILLARY HEAT LOOPS; CAPILLARY PUMPED LOOPS; LOOP HEAT PIPE; SPACECRAFT THERMAL CONTROL;

HEAT TRANSFER;

EID: 36048988031     PISSN: 13594311     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.02.027     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. J.M. Gottschlich, Capillary pumped loops for aerospace application, SAE Tech. Ser., Paper No. 892318, 1989.
2. J.F. Stenger, Experimental feasibility study of water-filled capillary-pumped heat transfer loops, NASA TM X-1310, 1966.
3. Gerasimov Yu.F., Shchegolev G.T., Maidanik Yu.F., Filippov A.G., and Starikov L.G. Low-temperature heat pipe with divided channels for vapour and liquid, high temp. Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur 12 5 (1974) 1131-1134
4. A.K. Goncharov, V.L. Barantsevich, A.A. Orlov, Experience of development of heat pipes applied in Russian spacecrafts, in: Proc. Fifth Minsk Int. Sem. Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators, Minsk, Belarus, September 8-11, 2003.
5. Swanson D.T. Thermal control technologies for complex spacecraft systems. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
6. Maydanik Yu.F. Miniature loop heat pipes. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
7. Kiseev M.V., Belonogov G.A., and Pogorelov P.N. Development of two-phase loops with capillary pumps. AICHE Symp. Ser. 91 306 (1995) 318-322
8. R.G. Sudakov, Yu.F. Maidanik, Development and investigation of an ammonia reversible loop heat pipe, in: Proc. 12th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Moscow, Russia, May 19-24, 2002.
9. J. Yun, D. Wolf, E. Krolozek, T. Hoang, Multiple evaporator loop heat pipe, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-3410, 2000.
10. K. Goncharov, O. Golovin, V. Kolesnikov, Loop heat pipe with several evaporators, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2407, 2000.
11. A.A.M. Delil, Yu.F. Maydanik, C. Gernard, Development of different novel loop heat pipes within the ISTC-1360 Project, SAE Paper No. 2003-01-2383, 2003.
12. D. Mishkinis, G. Wang, D. Nikanpour, E. MacDonald, T. Kaya, Advances in two-phase loop with capillary pump technology and space applications, SAE Paper No. 2005-01-2883, 2005.
13. D. Kozmin, K.A. Goncharov, M. Nikitkin, Yu.F. Maidanik, Yu.G. Fershtater, H. Smirnov, Loop heat pipes for space mission mars 96, SAE Paper No. 961602, 1996.
14. F. Mena, W. Supper, C. Puillet, Design and development of loop heat pipes, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2315, 2000.
15. 1995 Ballistic Missile Defense Organization Technology Applications Report, USA Department of Defense, 1995.
16. C. Puillet, Presentation of the CHADOCC experiment on board the French-Brazilian Micro-satellite, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2459, 2000.
17. A.A.M. Delil, M. Dubois, W. Supper, The European two-phase experiments TPX I&II, in: Proc. 10th Int. Heat Pipe Conf., Stuttgart, Germany, 21-25 September, 1997.
18. D.C. Bugby, E.J. Kroliczek, J.S. Yun, Development and testing of a miniaturized multi-evaporator hybrid loop heat pipe, in: Proc. STAIF, Albuquerque, NM, 2005.
19. D. Batler, The capillary pumped loop (CPL) GAS experiment G-471, in: Proc. 1985 Get Away Special Experimenter's Symp., 1986.
20. J. Ku, E.J. Kroliczek, D. Butler, R.B. Schweickart, R. Mcintosh, Capillary pumped loop gas and hitchhiker flight experiments, AIAA Paper No. 86-1249, 1986.
21. Yu.F. Maidanik, Yu.G. Fershtater, V.G. Pastukhov, K.A. Goncharov, O. Zagar, Yu. Golovanov, Thermoregulation of loops with capillary pumping for space use, SAE Paper No. 921169, 1992.
22. Golovanov Y.M., Dvirnyi V.V., Dorokhov V.I., Dyudin A.E., Loganov A.A., Ovechkin G.I., Shilkin O.V., and Zagar O.V. First in the world of flight experiment result with loop heat pipes and perspective of development. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
23. Yu.F. Maidanik, Yu.G. Fershtater, K.A. Goncharov, Capillary pump loop for the systems of thermal regulation of spacecraft, in: Fourth European Symp. on Space Env. Control Systems, Florence, Italy, October 21-24, 1991.
24. A.A. Orlov, K. Goncharov, E.Yu. Kotliarov, T.A. Tykina, S.N. Ustinov, Yu.F. Maidanik, The loop heat pipe experiment on board the GRANAT spacecraft, in: Proc. Sixth European Symp. on Space Env. Control Systems, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, May 20-22, 1997.
25. K. Goncharov, M.N. Nikitkin, O. Golovin, Yu.G. Fershtater, Yu.F. Maidanik, S.A. Piukov, Loop heat pipes in thermal control systems for Obzor spacecraft, SAE Paper No. 951555, 1995.
26. D. Antoniuk, An investigation of the CAPL flight experiment thermal anomalies, SAE Paper No. 951717, 1995.
27. O'T. Connel, T. Hoang, J. Ku, Investigation of power turn down transients in CAPL-1 flight experiment, AIAA Paper No. 95-2067, 1995.
28. A.A.M. Delil, J.F. Heemskerk, O. Mastenbroek, M. Dubois, S. Van Oost, M.J.N., Coesel, W. Supper, R. Aceti, TPX for in-orbit demonstration of two-phase heat transport technology - evaluation of flight and post-flight experiment results, SAE Paper 951510, 1995.
29. J. Ku, L. Ottenstein, D. Butler, Performance of the CAPL 2 flight experiment, SAE Paper No. 961432, 1996.
30. J. Ku, T. Hoang, Start up behavior of the CAPL-2 flight experiment, SAE Paper No. 972328, 1997.
31. W.B. Baker, W.B. Bienert, A.S. Ducao, Loop heat pipe flight experiment, SAE Paper No. 981580, 1998.
32. M.L. Parker, B.L. Drolen, P.S. Ayyaswamy, Flight test performance of a loop heat pipe - focus on a long steady state with no apparent subcooling, in: Proc. STAIF, Albuquerque, NM, January 31-February 4, 1999, pp. 818-823.
33. J.S. Yun, American loop heat pipe (ALPHA) flight experiment, CPL'98 Int. Workshop, March 2-3, 1998.
34. L. Ottenstein, J. Nienberg, Flight testing of the two-phase flow flight experiment, SAE Paper No. 981816, 1998.
35. D. Bugby, B. Marland, Flight results from the cryogenic pumped loop (CCPL) flight experiment on STS-95, SAE Paper No. 1999-01-1978, 1999.
36. R. Hagood, CCPL flight experiment: concepts through integration, SAE Paper No. 981694, 1998.
37. R. McIntosh, M. Kaylor, M. Buchko, E. Kroliczek, B.A. Smith, Capillary pump loop cooling system for the NICMOS instrument, SAE Paper No. 981814, 1998.
38. J. Ku, L. Ottenstein, D. Butler, T. Swanson, D. Thies, Thermal performance of capillary pumped loops onboard terra spacecraft, SAE Paper No. 2004-01-2504, 2004.
39. L. Ottenstein, D. Butler, J. Ku, K. Cheung, R. Baldauff, T. Hoang, Flight testing of the capillary pumped loop 3 experiment, in: Proc. STAIF, Albuquerque, NM, February 2-5, 2003.
40. J. Ku, L. Ottenstein, K. Cheung, T. Hoang, S.J. Yun, Ground tests of capillary pumped loop 3 (CAPL 3) flight experiment, SAE Paper No. 981812, 1998.
41. M. Buchko, M. Kaylor, Orbital operational status of the HST NICMOS CPL, September 2002, Int. Two-Phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop, Mitcheville, MD, 2002.
42. Goncharov K., Golovin O., Kolesnikov V., and Xiaoxiang Z. Development and flight operation of LHP used for cooling nickel-cadmium batteries in Chinese meteorological satellites FY-1. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
43. K. Goncharov, O. Golovin, V. Kolesnikov, S. Cong, Z. Xiaoxiang, Development and in-orbit performance of a thermal control system for nickel-cadmium batteries based on loop heat pipes, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2456, 2000.
44. Goncharov K., Buz V., Elchin A., Prokhorov Yu., and Surguchev O. Development of loop heat pipes for thermal control system of nickel-hydrogen batteries of "Yamal" satellite. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
45. K. Goncharov, V. Kolesnikov, R. Schlitt, F. Bodendieck, W. Supper, COM2PLEX/Tatiana-3 Ground and In-Orbit Test Results, Two-Phase 2003 Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 15-17, 2003.
46. E.W. Grob, C.L. Baker, T.V. McCarthy, Geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS) loop heat pipes-an eventful first year on-orbit, SAE Paper No. 2004-01-2558, 2004.
47. E.W. Grob, C.L. Baker, T.V. McCarthy, In-flight thermal performance of the geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS) instrument, SAE Paper No. 2003-01-2421, 2003.
48. D.B. Esposto, R.B. Calif, Flexible heat transport design for deployable radiator applications US Patent 5743325, 1998.
49. Gilmore D.G. Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Fundamental Technologies. second ed. (2002), AIAA
50. J.I. Rodriguez, M. Pauken, A. Na-Nakornpanom, Transient characterization of propylene loop heat pipe during start-up and shutdown, SAE Paper No. 00ICES-116, 2000.
51. L. Ottenstein, J. Ku, D. Feenan, Thermal vacuum testing of novel loop heat pipe design for the swift BAT instrument, in: Proc. STAIF, Albuquerque, NM, 2003.
52. M.K. Choi, Thermal assessment of Swift BAT instrument thermal control system in flight, SAE Paper No. 2005-01-3037, 2005.
53. Mishkinis D., Wang G., Nikanpour D., MacDonald E., and Kaya T. Steady state and transient loop heat pipe performance during periodic heating cycles. Proc. 13th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Shanghai, China (2004), China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
54. G. Wang, D. Mishkinis, D. Nikanpour, E. MacDonald, T. Kaya, Start-up performance of a loop heat pipe with variable heating patterns and periodic cycles, in: Proc. Space Technologies and Applications - Int. Forum, Albuquerque, USA, February 13-17, 2005.
55. G.H. Wulz, E. Embacher, Capillary pumped loops for space applications - experimental and theoretical studies on the performance of capillary evaporator designs, AIAA Paper 90-1739, 1990.
56. Demidov S.A., and Yatsenko E.S. Investigation of heat and mass transfer in the evaporation zone of heat pipe operating by the Inverted Meniscus principle. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 7 14 (1994) 2155-2163
57. Cao Y., and Faghri A. Conjugate analysis of flat-plate type evaporator for capillary pumped loops with three dimensional vapor flow in the groove. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 37 3 (1994) 401-409
58. Platel V., Butto C., Grandpeix J.-Y., and Joly J.-L. Detailed modeling of the evaporator of a capillary pumped loop. Rev. Gen. Therm. 35 (1996) 434-449
59. M. Katsuta, K. Nagata, T. Komatsu, K. Tanaka, Design of capillary pumped loop to be boarded on the artificial satellite and development of its analytical heat transport model, in: Proc. 11th Int. Heat Pipe Conf. Tokyo, Japan, 1999, pp. 271-276.
60. Dolgirev Yu.E., Gerasimov Yu.E., Maidanik Yu.E., and Kiseev V.M. Calculation of a heat pipe with separate channels for vapour and liquid. J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys. 34 6 (1978) 988-994
61. J. Ku, E.J., Kroliczek, R. McIntosh, Analytical modeling of the capillary pumped loop, in: Proc. Sixth Int. Heat Pipe Conf., Grenoble, France, 1987.
62. W.D. Wolf, Development of small diameter capillary pumps, in: Proc. NASA Goddard CPL Workshop III, Annapolis, MD, May, 1992.
63. D. Antoniuk, J. Pohner, Deleterious effects of non-condensible gas during capillary pumped loop start-up, SAE paper No. 941408, 1994.
64. Furukawa M. Off-design state predictions of commonly configured loop heat pipe. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Aero. Space Sci. 46 151 (2003) 36-41
65. A. Kiper, G. Feric, Anjum, T. Swanson, Transient analysis of capillary pumped loop heat pipe, AIAA Paper No. 90-1685, 1990.
66. P.-Y.A. Chuang, M.J. Cimbala, J.S. Brenizer Jr., T.C. Conroy, A.A. El-Ganayni, R.D. Riley, Comparison of experiments and 1D steady-state model of a loop heat pipe, in: Proc. IMECE, November, 17-22, 2002, New Orleans, LA, Paper No. IMECE2002-33542, 2002.
67. T.T. Hoang, T. Kaya, Mathematical modeling of loop heat pipes with two phase pressure drop, AIAA Paper No. 99-3448, 1999.
68. T. Kaya, J. Ku, Parametric study of performance characteristics of loop heat pipes, SAE Paper No. 1999-01-2006, 1999.
69. V.Ya. Sasin, A.I. Zelenov, V.G. Zuev, E.Yu. Kotlyarov, Mathematical model of a capillary loop heat pipe with a condenser-radiator, SAE Paper No. 901276, 1990.
70. V. Buz, K. Goncharov, Modeling of LHP performances by means of specialized EASY Package Program, in: Proc. 12 Int. Heat Pipe Conf., Moscow, Russia, May 19-24, 2002.
71. R. Schlitt, D. Labuhn, V. Vlassov, J. Ochterbeck, O. Pin, ALGOCAP: assessment of thermo-hydraulic algorithms for CPLs and LHPs, in: 16th European Thermal and Ecls Software Workshop, October 22-23, 2002, Noordwik, The Netherlands, 2002.
72. B.R. Schweickart, L. Neiswander, J. Ku, Verification of an analytic modeler for capillary pump loop thermal control systems, AIAA Paper No. 87-1630, 1987.
73. B. Cullimore, J. Baumann, Steady-state and transient loop heat pipe modeling, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2316, 2000.
74. B. Cullimore, J. Baumann, B. Yendler, E. Buchan, Noncondensible, gas, mass, and adverse tilt effects on the start-up of LHP, SAE Paper No. 1999-01-2048, 1999.
75. J. Baumann, B. Cullimore, An excel user interface for modeling LHPs in SINDA/FLUINT, Int. Two-phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop, Los Angeles, CA, USA, March 7-9, 2005.
76. T. Hoang, J. Ku, Transient modeling of loop heat pipes, AIAA Paper No. 2003-6082, 2003.
77. T. Hoang, H.K. Cheung, W. Baldauff, Loop heat pipe testing and analytical model verification at the US Naval Research Laboratory, SAE Paper No. 2004-01-2552, 2004.
78. T.T. Hoang, Transient modeling of loop heat pipe with parallel evaporators and condensers, Int. Two-Phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop, Los Angeles, CA, USA, March 7-9, 2005.
79. C. Gregory, A. Torres, R. Perez, T. Kaya, LHP modeling with EcosimPro and experimental validation, SAE Paper No. 2005-01-2934, 2005.
80. T. Ogushi, S. Haga, H. Ishikawa, A. Yao, A. Miyasaka, H. Noda, Mathematical modeling for predicting steady state and transient characteristics of reservoir embedded looped heat pipe, SAE Paper No. 2001-01-2239, 2001.
81. T. Tjiptahardja, J. Hugon, T. Basset, Loop heat pipe modeling at system level, Int. Two-Phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop, MD, September 24-26, 2002.
82. A.S. Galouye, J. Hugon, F. Jouffroy, C. Figus, Single evaporator and single or multiple condenser LHP model for spacecraft system level thermal analysis, Int. Two-Phase Thermal Control Technology Workshop, Los Angeles, CA, USA, March 7-9, 2005.
83. Muraoka I., Ramos M.F., and Vlassov V.V. Experimental and theoretical investigation of a CPL with a porous element in the condenser. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 25 8 (1998) 1085-1094
84. Pouzet E., Joly J.-L., Platel V., Grandpeix J.-Y., and Butto C. Dynamic response of capillary pumped loop subjected to various heat load transients. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 2293-2316