Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Testicular Degeneration in Stallions

Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 278-284

  Oristaglio Turner, Regina M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

idiopathic testicular degeneration; infertility; stallion; subfertility; testicular degeneration

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; EQUIDAE;

EID: 36048983121     PISSN: 15347516     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ctep.2007.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Blanchard T., and Varner D. Testicular degeneration. In: McKinnon A.O., and Voss J.L. (Eds). Equine Reproduction (1993), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA 855-860
2. Watson E.D., Clarke C.J., Else R.W., et al. Testicular degeneration in 3 stallions. Equine Vet J 26 (1994) 507-510
3. In: McEntee A. (Ed). Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Animals (1990), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
4. Freidman R., Scott M., Heath S.E., et al. The effects of increased testicular temperature on spermatogenesis in the stallion. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 44 (1991) 127-134
5. Blanchard T., Jorgensen J.B., Varner D.D., et al. Clinical observations on changes in concentrations of hormones in plasma of two stallions with thermally-induced testicular degeneration. J Equine Vet Sci 16 (1996) 195-201
6. Blanchard T., Varner D., and Johnson L. Testicular and hormonal changes occurring in stallions with thermally-induced testicular degeneration. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 56 (2000) 51-59
7. Blanchard T., Johnson L., and Roser A.J. Increased germ cell loss rates and poor semen quality in stallions with idiopathic testicular degeneration. J Equine Vet Sci 20 (2000) 263-265
8. Gehlen H., Bartmann C.P., Klug E., et al. Azoospermia due to testicular degeneration in a breeding stallion. J Equine Vet Sci 21 (2001) 137-139
9. Madill S. Reproductive considerations: mare and stallion. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 18 (2002) 591-619
10. Blanchard T.L., and Johnson L. Increased germ cell degeneration and reduced germ cell:sertoli cell ratio in stallions with low sperm production. Theriogenology 47 (1997) 655-677
11. Burns P.J., and Douglas R.H. Reproductive hormone concentrations in stallions with breeding problems: case studies. J Equine Vet Sci 5 (1985) 40-42
12. Douglas R.H., and Umphenour N. Endocrine abnormalities and hormonal therapy. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 8 (1992) 237-249
13. Roser J.F. Endocrine regulation of reproductive function in fertile, subfertile and infertile stallions. Reprod Domest Anim 30 (1995) 245-250
14. Stewart B.L., and Roser J.F. Effects of age, season, and fertility status on plasma and intratesticular immunoreactive (IR) inhibin concentrations in stallions. Domest Anim Endocrinol 15 (1998) 129-139
15. Roser J.F. Endocrine basis for testicular function in the stallion. Theriogenology 48 (1997) 883-892
16. Motton D.D., and Roser J.F. HCG binding to the testicular LH receptor is similar in fertile, subfertile, and infertile stallions. J Androl 18 (1997) 411-416
17. Rathi R., Honaramooz A., Zeng W., et al. Germ cell development in equine testis tissue xenografted into mice. Reproduction 131 (2006) 1091-1098
18. Turner R.M., Rathi R., Zeng W., et al. Xenografting of degenerate stallion testis onto a mouse host does not rescue the testicular degeneration phenotype. Anim Reprod Sci 89 (2005) 253-255
19. Turner R.M., Rathi R., Zeng W., et al. Xenografting to study testis function in stallions. Anim Reprod Sci 94 (2006) 161-164
20. Blanchard T.L., Johnson L., Varner D., et al. Low daily sperm output per ml of testis as a diagnostic criteria for testicular degeneration in stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 21 (2001) 11-35
21. In: Varner D.D., Schumacher J., Blanchard T., et al. (Eds). Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions (1991), American Veterinary Publications, Goleta, CA
22. Love C.C., Garcia M.C., Riera F.R., et al. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and predict daily sperm output in the stallion. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 44 (1991) 99-105
23. Swerczek T.W. Immature germ cells in the semen of thoroughbred stallions. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 23 (1975) 135-137
24. Humphrey J.D., and Ladds P.W. A quantitative histological study of changes in the bovine testis and epididymis associated with age. Res Vet Sci 19 (1975) 135-141
25. Turner R.M. Ultrasonography of the genital tract of the stallion. In: Reef V.B. (Ed). Equine Diagnostic Ultrasound (1998), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA 446-479
26. DelVento V.R., Amann R.P., Trotter G.W., et al. Ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic assessment of sequelae to testicular biopsy in stallions. Am J Vet Res 53 (1992) 2094-2101
27. Faber N.F., and Roser J.F. Testicular biopsy in stallions: diagnostic potential and effects on prospective fertility. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 56 (2000) 31-42
28. Zhang J., Ricketts S.W., and Tanner S.J. Antisperm antibodies in the semen of a stallion following testicular trauma. Equine Vet J 22 (1990) 138-141
29. Evans J.W., and Finely M. GnRH therapy in a stallion of low fertility. J Equine Vet Sci 10 (1990) 182
30. Shiner K.A., Pickett B.W., and Juergens T.D. Clinical approaches to diagnosis and treatment of subfertile stallions. in 1993 Scientific Proceedings, 39th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. San Antonio, Texas (1993) 149
31. Blue B.J., Pickett B.W., Squires E.L., et al. Effect of pulsatile or continuous administration of GnRH on reproductive function of stallions. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 44 (1991) 145-154
32. Roser J.F., and Hughes J.P. Use of GnRH in stallions with poor fertility: a review. in: 1994 Scientific Proceedings, 40th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Vancouver, BC (1994) 23-25
33. Brinsko S.P. GnRH therapy for subfertile stallions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 12 (1996) 149-160
34. Brinsko S.P., Varner D.D., Love C.C., et al. Effect of feeding a DHA-enriched nutriceutical on the quality of fresh, cooled and frozen stallion semen. Theriogenology 63 (2005) 1519-1527
35. Hinrichs K., and Choi Y.H. Assisted reproductive techniques in the horse. Clin Tech Equine Pract 4 (2000) 210-218