Studies of corrosion of cladding materials in simulated BWR environment using impedance measurements

Journal of ASTM International

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2007, Pages

  Forsberg, S ^a   Ahlberg, E ^b   Limback M ^c  

^a STUDSVIK NUCLEAR AB   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^c WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

BWR; Corrosion; Impedance spectroscopy; Oxide growth; Zircaloy

Indexed keywords

AUTOCLAVES; CHARGE CARRIERS; CLADDING (COATING); CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATION;

IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; OXIDE CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE THICKNESS; ZIRCALOY;

BOILING WATER REACTORS;

EID: 36048930533     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1546962X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1520/JAI101123     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Waterside Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys in Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA Tecdoc, Vol. 996, January 1998.
2. Cox, B., "Some Thoughts on the Mechanisms of In-Reactor Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 336, 2005, pp. 331-368.
3. Wikmark, G., Rudling, P., Lehtinen, B., Hutchinson, B., Oscarsson, A., and Ahlberg, E., "The Importance of Oxide Morphology for the Oxidation Rate of Zirconium Alloys," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 1295, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, pp. 55-73.
4. Barberis, P., Ahlberg, E., Simic, N., Charquet, D., Lemaignan, C., Wikmark, G., Dahlbäck, M., Tägtström, P., and Lehtinen, B., "Role of Second-Phase Particles in Zirconium Binary Alloys," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Thirteenth International Symposium, ASTM STP 1423, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, pp. 33-58.
5. Goehr, H., Schaller, J., Ruhmann, H., and Garzarolli, F., "Long-Term in situ Corrosion Investigation of Zr Alloys in Simulated PWR Environment by Electrochemical Measurements," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 1295, 1996, pp. 181-202.
6. Munch, R. K., Bart, G., Gebhardt, O., and Landolt, D., "Investigation of Zircaloy-4 Oxidation Under Simulated Pressurized Water Reactor Conditions Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol. 163, 1998, pp. 289-292.
7. Durand-Keklikian, L., Cragnolino, G., and Macdonald, D. D., "In situ A.C. Impedance Studies of Oxide Film Growth on Zircaloy-4 in High Temperature/Tigh Pressure Steam," Corros. Sci., Vol. 32, 1991, p. 361.
8. Bojinov, M., Hansson-Lyyra, L., Kinnunen, P., Saario, T., and Sirkia, P., "In-situ Studies of the Oxide Film Properties on BWR Fuel Cladding Materials," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Fourteenth International Symposium, ASTM STP 1467, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2005, pp. 367-385.
9. Ai, J., Chen, Y., Urquidi-Macdonald, M., and Macdonald, D. D., "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study of Passive Zirconium," J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 154, 2007, pp. C43-C51.
10. Gebhardt, O., Gehringer, M., Graber, T., and Hermann, A., "Investigation of Corrosion Films on Zirconium Based Alloys by Electrochemical and Microscopic Methods," Mater. Sci. Forum, 192-194, 1995, pp. 587-98.
11. Gebhardt, O., and Hermann, A., "Microscopic and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analyses of Zircaloy Oxide Films Formed in Highly Concentrated LiOH Solution," Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 41, 1996, pp. 1181-1190.
12. Goehr, H., Schaller, J., and Schiller, C. A., "Impedance Studies of the Oxide Layer on Zircaloy After Previous Oxidation in Water Vapor at 400°C," Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 38, 1993, pp. 1961-1964.
13. Oskarsson, M., Ahlberg, E., and Pettersson, K., "Oxidation of Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 in Water/Lithiated Water," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 295, 2001, pp. 97-108.
14. Oskarsson, M., Ahlberg, E., Södervall, U., Andersson, U., and Pettersson, K., "Pre-Transition Oxidation Behaviour of Pre-Hydrided Zircaloy-2," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 289, 2001, pp. 315-328.
15. Anghel, C., Modified Oxygen and Hydrogen Transport in Zr-based Oxides, Doctoral thesis, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006.
16. Gebhardt, O., "Investigation of In-Pile Formed Corrosion Films on Zircaloy Fuel Rod Claddings by Impedance Spectroscopy and Galvanostatic Anodization," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 203, 1993, pp. 17-26.
17. Tägtström, P., Limbäck, M., Dahlbäck, M., Andersson, T., and Pettersson, H., "Effects of Hydrogen Pickup and Second-Phase Particle Dissolution on the In-Reactor Corrosion Performance of BWR Claddings," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Thirteenth International Symposium, ASTM STP 1423, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, pp. 96-118.
18. Rudling, P., Lundblad-Vannesjö, K., Vesterlund, G., and Massih, A. R., "Influence of Second-Phase Particles of Zircaloy Corrosion in BWR Environments," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Seventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 939, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1987, pp. 292-306.
19. Patrito, E., Torresi, R. M., Leiva, E. P. M., and Macagno, V. A., "Electrochemical Behaviour of Passive Zirconium Alloys," Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 37, 1992, pp. 281-287.
20. Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, E. Barsoukov and J. R. Macdonald, Eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2005.
21. Oskarsson, M., Ahlberg, E., Andersson, U., and Pettersson, K., "Characterisation of Pre-Transition Oxides on Zircaloys," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 297, 2001, pp. 77-88.
22. Goossens, A., Vazquez, M., and Macdonald, D. D., "The Nature of Electronic States in Anodic Zirconium Oxide Films. Part 1: The Potential Distribution," Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 41, 1996, pp. 35-45.
23. Gomes, W. P., and Vanmaekelbergh, D., "Impedance Spectroscopy at Semiconductor Electrodes: Review and Recent Developments," Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 41, 1996, pp. 967-973.
24. Chen, Y., Urquidi-Macdonald, M., and Macdonald, D. D., "The Electrochemistry of Zirconium in Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures," J. Nucl. Mater., vol. 348, 2006, pp. 133-147.
25. Oskarsson, M., Study on the Mechanisms for Corrosion and Hydriding of Zircaloy, Doctoral thesis, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
26. Rudling, P., and Wikmark, G., "A Unified Model of Zircaloy BWR Corrosion and Hydriding Mechanisms," J. Nucl. Mater., Vol. 265, 1999, pp. 44-59.
27. Södervall, U., and Ahlberg, E., "Characterisation of Hydrogen Ingress in Anodic Oxide Films on Zirconium," ECASIA '97: 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis, I. Olefjord L. Nyborg, and D. Briggs, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1997.
28. Huang, P. Y., Mahmood, S. T., and Adamson, R. B., "Effects of Thermomechanical Processing on In-Reactor Corrosion and Post-Irradiation Mechanical Properties of Zircaloy-2," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 1295, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, pp. 726-757.
29. Isobe, T., Murai, T., and Mae, Y., "Anodic Protection Provided by Precipitates in Aqueous Corrosion of Zircaloy," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 1295, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, pp. 203-217.