-
3
-
-
84926841747
-
-
This relation holds specifically for an isolated sphere of tissue but is an adequate approximation for other geometries such as that of the human body. However, appreciably higher internal fields can result in the body under special conditions. In particular, fields as much as 500 times greater can be induced in the ankles of a man standing on a ground place subject to a vertical field; M. W. Miller, in CRC Handbook (Ref. 2), p. 139.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
84926798079
-
-
These results are in accord with a more extensive discussion by Frank S. Barnes, in CRC Handbook (Ref. 2), p. 121.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
0023241322
-
-
Cellular effects have been reported by, and are noted at field strengths in tissues as small as 5 times 10-3 V/m. But these fields correspond to fields generated by external fields in air of approx 2.5 times 105 V/m. These fields of 0.005 V/m in the tissue lead to potential differences of about 7.5 times 10-8 V across the membrane of the cells we consider and that is about 33 times smaller than the noise potential 2.5 times 10-6 V we calculate. However, since the signal-to-noise ratio varies as the square of the cell radius and the large bovine fibroblast cells that were studied are effectively about three times the size of our canonical cell, we gain a factor of 9. There is an uncertainty of an order of magnitude in the effective resistivity of membrane material. If we assume that the true resistivity is four times less than our canonical value of 106 Ωm, we gain another factor of 2. Furthermore, it seems that there is a low-frequency cutoff at about 10 Hz and if [Truncated]
-
(1987)
Science
, vol.236
, pp. 1465
-
-
McLeod, K.J.1
Lee, R.C.2
Ehrlich, H.P.3
-
10
-
-
84926863385
-
-
The subject is reviewed by R. B. Frankel (Ref. 8).
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
0023711416
-
Resonant AC-DC magnetic fields: Calculated response
-
Intensity windows are not impossible., have constructed an ingenious system of cyclotron—and betatron—ion dynamics that would seem to display both intensity and frequency windows but they emphasize that their model cannot describe biological effects.
-
(1988)
Bioelectromagnetics
, vol.9
, pp. 315
-
-
Durney, C.H.1
Rushforth, C.K.2
Anderson, A.A.3
|
