Learning motor synergies by persons with Down syndrome

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

Volumn 51, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 962-971

  Latash, Mark L ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Coordination; Down syndrome; Practice; Synergy

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DOWN SYNDROME; FINGER; FORCE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

DOWN SYNDROME; HUMANS; LEARNING; PRACTICE (PSYCHOLOGY); PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 35948946916     PISSN: 09642633     EISSN: 13652788     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01008.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Almeida G. L., Corcos D. M. & Latash M. L. (1994) Practice and transfer effects during fast single joint elbow movements in individuals with Down syndrome. Physical Therapy 74, 1000-16.
2. Amirikian B. & Georgopoulos A. P. (2003) Motor cortex: Coding and decoding of directional operations. In: The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, 2nd edn (ed. M. A. Arbib), pp. 690-701. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
3. Anson J. G. (1992) Neuromotor control and Down syndrome. In: Approaches to the Study of Motor Control and Learning (ed. J. J. Summers), pp. 387-412. N-Holland, Amsterdam.
4. Aruin A. S. & Almeida G. L. (1996) A coactivation strategy in anticipatory postural adjustments in persons with Down syndrome. Motor Control 1, 178-91.
5. Aruin A. S., Almeida G. L. & Latash M. L. (1996) Organization of a simple two-joint synergy in individuals with Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation 101, 256-68.
6. Berkinblit M. B., Feldman A. G. & Fukson O. I. (1986) Adaptability of innate motor patterns and motor control mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Science 9, 585-638.
7. Bernstein N. A. (1967) The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
8. Bernstein N. A. (1996) On dexterity and its development. In: Dexterity and Its Development (eds M. L. Latash & M. T. Turvey), pp. 3-246. Erlbaum Publ., Mahwah, NJ.
9. Cisek P. & Kalaska J. F. (2005) Neural correlates of reaching decisions in dorsal premotor cortex: Specification of multiple direction choices and final selection of action. Neuron 45, 801-14.
10. Coltz J. D., Johnson M. T. V. & Ebner T. J. (1999) Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking. Journal of Neuroscience 19, 1782-803.
11. Corcos D. M. (1991) Strategies underlying the control of disordered movement. Physical Therapy 71, 25-38.
12. Domkin D., Laczko J., Jaric S., Johansson H. & Latash M. L. (2002) Structure of joint variability in bimanual pointing tasks. Experimental Brain Research 143, 11-23.
13. Elliott D., Welsh T. N., Lyons J., Hansen S. & Wu M. (2006) The visual regulation of goal-directed reaching movements in adults with Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and other developmental delays. Motor Control 10, 34-54.
14. Gelfand I. M. & Latash M. L. (2002) On the problem of adequate language in biology. In: Progress in Motor Control Volume 2: Structure-Function Relations in Voluntary Movement (ed. M. L. Latash), pp. 209-28. Human Kinetics, Urbana, IL.
15. Georgopoulos A. P., Kalaska J. F., Caminiti R. & Massey J. T. (1982) On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 2, 1527-37.
16. Gottlieb G. L., Corcos D. M. & Agarwal G. C. (1989) Strategies for the control of voluntary movements with one mechanical degree of freedom. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, 189-250.
17. Houk J. C. & Gibson A. R. (1987) Sensorimotor processing through the cerebellum. In: New Concepts in Cerebellar Neurobiology (ed. J. S. King), 387-416. Liss, New York.
18. Jaric S., Corcos D. M., Agarwal G. C. & Gottlieb G. L. (1993) Principles for learning single-joint movements. II. Generalizing a learned behavior. Experimental Brain Research 94, 514-21.
19. Koshland G. F., Gerilovsky L. & Hasan Z. (1991) Activity of wrist muscles elicited during imposed or voluntary movements about the elbow joint. Journal of Motor Behavior 23, 91-100.
20. Kubo M. & Ulrich B. (2006) Coordination of pelvis-HAT (head, arms and trunk) in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions during treadmill gait in preadolescents with/without Down syndrome. Gait and Posture 23, 512-18.
21. Latash M. L. (1998) Neurophysiological Basis of Movement. Human Kinetics, Urbana, IL.
22. Latash M. L. (2000) Motor coordination in Down syndrome: The role of adaptive changes. In: Perceptual-Motor Behavior in Down Syndrome (eds D. J. Weeks, R. Chua & D. Elliott), pp. 199-223. Human Kinetics, Urbana, IL.
23. Latash M. L. & Anson J. G. (1996) What are normal movements in atypical populations? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, 55-106.
24. Latash M. L. & Anson J. G. (2006) Synergies in health and disease: relations to adaptive changes in motor coordination. Physical Therapy 86, 1151-60.
25. Latash M. L. & Corcos D. M. (1991) Kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of single-joint movements of individuals with Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation 96, 189-201.
26. Latash M. L., Almeida G. L. & Corcos D. M. (1993) Pre-programmed reactions in individuals with Down syndrome: The effects of instruction and predictability of the perturbation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 73, 391-9.
27. Latash M. L., Kang N. & Patterson D. (2002a) Finger coordination in persons with Down syndrome: Atypical patterns of coordination and the effects of practice. Experimental Brain Research 146, 345-55.
28. Latash M. L., Scholz J. P. & Schöner G. (2002b) Motor control strategies revealed in the structure of motor variability. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews 30, 26-31.
29. Latash M. L., Danion F., Scholz J. F. & Schöner G. (2003a) Coordination of multi-element motor systems based on motor abundance. In: Progress in Motor Control Volume 3: Effects of Age, Disorder, and Rehabilitation (eds M. L. Latash & M. F. Levin), pp. 97-124. Human Kinetics, Urbana, IL.
30. Latash M. L., Yarrow K. & Rothwell J. C. (2003b) Changes in finger coordination and responses to single pulse TMS of motor cortex during practice of a multi-finger force production task. Experimental Brain Research 151, 60-71.
31. Latash M. L., Scholz J. P. & Schöner G. (2007) Toward a new theory of motor synergies. Motor Control 11, 275-307.
32. LeClair D. A., Pollack B. J. & Elliott D. (1993) Movement preparation in adults with and without Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation 97, 628-33.
33. Lemay M. A. & Grill W. M. (2004) Modularity of motor output evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in cats. Journal of Neurophysiology 91, 502-14.
34. Lemon R. N., Baker S. N., Davis J. A., Kirkwood P. A., Maier M. A. & Yang H. S. (1998) The importance of the cortico-motoneuronal system for control of grasp. Novartis Foundation Symposium 218, 202-15.
35. McAlonan G. M., Cheung V., Cheung C., Suckling J., Lam G. Y., Tai K. S. et al. (2005) Mapping the brain in autism. A voxel-based MRI study of volumetric differences and intercorrelations in autism. Brain 128, 268-76.
36. Massion J. (1992) Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination. Progress in Neurobiology 38, 35-56.
37. Molnar G. E. (1978) Analysis of motor disorder in retarded infants and young children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 83, 213-22.
38. Mon-Williams M., Tresilian J. R., Bell V. E., Coppard V. L., Jobling R. & Carson R. G. (2001) The preparation of reach to grasp movements in adults with Down syndrome. Human Movement Science 20, 587-602.
39. Morris A. F., Vaughan S. E. & Vaccaro P. (1982) Measurements of neuromuscular tone and strength in Down's syndrome children. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 26, 41-6.
40. Mussa-Ivaldi F. A., Giszter S. F. & Bizzi E. (1994) Linear combinations of primitives in vertebrate motor control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91, 7534-8.
41. Newell K. M., Broderick M. P., Deutsch K. M. & Slifkin A. B. (2003) Task goals and change in dynamical degrees of freedom with motor learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance 29, 379-87.
42. Palmen S. J., van Engeland H., Hof P. R. & Schmitz C. (2004) Neuropathological findings in autism. Brain 127, 2572-83.
43. Prilutsky B. I. & Zatsiorsky V. M. (2002) Optimization-based models of muscle coordination. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 30, 32-8.
44. Schieber M. H. (2001) Constraints on somatotopic organization in the primary motor cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 86, 2125-43.
45. Schieber M. H. & Santello M. (2004) Hand function: Peripheral and central constraints on performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 96, 2293-300.
46. Schwartz A. B. (1993) Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: population representation during sinusoid tracing. Journal of Neurophysiology 70, 28-36.
47. Shim J. K., Kim S. W., Oh S. J., Kang N., Zatsiorsky V. M. & Latash M. L. (2005a) Plastic changes in interhemispheric inhibition with practice of a two-hand force production task: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neuroscience Letters 374, 104-8.
48. Shim J. K., Olafsdottir H., Zatsiorsky V. M. & Latash M. L. (2005b) The emergence and disappearance of multi-digit synergies during force production tasks. Experimental Brain Research 164, 260-70.
49. Thach W. T. & Bastian A. J. (2003) Role of the cerebellum in the control and adaptation of gait in health and disease. In: Brain Mechanisms for the Integration of Posture and Movement (eds S. Mori, D. G. Stuart & M. Wisendanger), pp. 411-22. Elsevier, Amsterdam.