메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1073-1087

Upper crustal structure of the Tamworth Belt, New South Wales: Constraints from new gravity data

Author keywords

Crustal structure; Gravity modelling; Gunnedah Basin; Mooki fault; New England Fold Belt; Peel fault; Tamworth Belt

Indexed keywords

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FORWARD MODELING; GRAVITY ANOMALY; GRAVITY SURVEY; UPPER CRUST;

EID: 35848947239     PISSN: 08120099     EISSN: 14400952     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08120090701615725     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (62)
  • 2
    • 0027088427 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of terranes in the southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia as constrained by radiolarian biostratigraphy
    • Aitchison, J. C., Flood, P. G. and Spiller, F. C. P. (1992) Tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of terranes in the southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia as constrained by radiolarian biostratigraphy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 94, pp. 31-54.
    • (1992) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.94 , pp. 31-54
    • Aitchison, J.C.1    Flood, P.G.2    Spiller, F.C.P.3
  • 3
    • 0028792708 scopus 로고
    • Age profile of ophiolitic rocks across the Late Palaeozoic New England Orogen, New South Wales: Implications for tectonic models
    • Aitchison, J. C. and Ireland, T. R. (1995) Age profile of ophiolitic rocks across the Late Palaeozoic New England Orogen, New South Wales: implications for tectonic models. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, pp. 11-23.
    • (1995) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.42 , pp. 11-23
    • Aitchison, J.C.1    Ireland, T.R.2
  • 4
    • 0009041304 scopus 로고
    • Geological and geochemical characteristics of lode gold deposits in the Nundle Goldfield, northeastern New South Wales
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Ashley, P. M. and Hartshorn, G. K. (1988) Geological and geochemical characteristics of lode gold deposits in the Nundle Goldfield, northeastern New South Wales. New England Orogen: Tectonics and Metallogenesis, pp. 249-263. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1988) New England Orogen: Tectonics and Metallogenesis , pp. 249-263
    • Ashley, P.M.1    Hartshorn, G.K.2
  • 5
    • 35848968962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Investigation of the gravity signature of the Moonbi and Bendemeer Adamellites
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Bailey, B. (2002) An Investigation of the gravity signature of the Moonbi and Bendemeer Adamellites. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (2002)
    • Bailey, B.1
  • 6
    • 0013658340 scopus 로고
    • The geology and petrology of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales. Part I
    • Benson, W. N. (1913) The geology and petrology of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales. Part I. Proceedings of Linnean Society of New South Wales, 38, pp. 490-517.
    • (1913) Proceedings of Linnean Society of New South Wales , vol.38 , pp. 490-517
    • Benson, W.N.1
  • 8
    • 35848933083 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation of the gravity anomalies in the Gunnedah-Tamworth area
    • Bramall, A. M. and Qureshi, I. R. (1984) A preliminary investigation of the gravity anomalies in the Gunnedah-Tamworth area. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts, 12, pp. 74-76.
    • (1984) Geological Society of Australia Abstracts , vol.12 , pp. 74-76
    • Bramall, A.M.1    Qureshi, I.R.2
  • 9
    • 35848959568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peel South Exploration NSW geophysics-interpretation of new data for exploration and geological investigations in the western New England area of New South Wales
    • Brown, R. E. (2003) Peel South Exploration NSW geophysics-interpretation of new data for exploration and geological investigations in the western New England area of New South Wales. Geological Survey of New South Wales Quarterly Notes, 114, pp. 1-27.
    • (2003) Geological Survey of New South Wales Quarterly Notes , vol.114 , pp. 1-27
    • Brown, R.E.1
  • 11
    • 0035048145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical evidence from Lower Permian volcanic rocks of northeast New South Wales for asthenospheric upwelling following slab breakoff
    • Caprarelli, G. and Leitch, E. C. (2001) Geochemical evidence from Lower Permian volcanic rocks of northeast New South Wales for asthenospheric upwelling following slab breakoff. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48, pp. 151-166.
    • (2001) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.48 , pp. 151-166
    • Caprarelli, G.1    Leitch, E.C.2
  • 12
    • 0036250793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORB-like rocks in a Palaeozoic convergent margin setting, northeast New South. Wales
    • Caprarelli, G. and Leitch, E. C. (2002) MORB-like rocks in a Palaeozoic convergent margin setting, northeast New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 49, pp. 367-374.
    • (2002) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.49 , pp. 367-374
    • Caprarelli, G.1    Leitch, E.C.2
  • 14
    • 35848942453 scopus 로고
    • Note on the implication of the irregular strike-lines of the Mooki Thrust System
    • Carey, S. W. (1934) Note on the implication of the irregular strike-lines of the Mooki Thrust System. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 59, pp. 375-379.
    • (1934) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , vol.59 , pp. 375-379
    • Carey, S.W.1
  • 15
    • 35848941554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The using of geophysical data in the interpretation of the geological history of the Peel Fault zone and its 3D geometry
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Carter, C. M. (2002) The using of geophysical data in the interpretation of the geological history of the Peel Fault zone and its 3D geometry. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (2002)
    • Carter, C.M.1
  • 16
    • 0004205848 scopus 로고
    • The geological development of the New England Fold Belt in the Woolomin-Nemingha and Wisemans Arm regions: The evolution of a Palaeozoic fore-arc terrain
    • University of Sydney, Sydney
    • Cawood, P. A. (1980) The geological development of the New England Fold Belt in the Woolomin-Nemingha and Wisemans Arm regions: The evolution of a Palaeozoic fore-arc terrain. University of Sydney, Sydney
    • (1980)
    • Cawood, P.A.1
  • 17
    • 0020360361 scopus 로고
    • Structural relations in the subduction complex of the Palaeozoic New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia
    • Cawood, P. A. (1982) Structural relations in the subduction complex of the Palaeozoic New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia. Journal of Geology, 90, pp. 381-392.
    • (1982) Journal of Geology , vol.90 , pp. 381-392
    • Cawood, P.A.1
  • 18
    • 0024899142 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical character and tectonic significance of Early Devonian keratophyres in the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia
    • Cawood, P. A. and Flood, R. H. (1989) Geochemical character and tectonic significance of Early Devonian keratophyres in the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, pp. 297-311.
    • (1989) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.36 , pp. 297-311
    • Cawood, P.A.1    Flood, R.H.2
  • 19
    • 1542341908 scopus 로고
    • Volcanic greywackes from the upper Devonian Baldwin Formation, Tamworth-Barraba district, N.S.W
    • Chappell, B. W. (1968) Volcanic greywackes from the upper Devonian Baldwin Formation, Tamworth-Barraba district, N.S.W. Journal of Geological Society of Australia, 15, pp. 87-102.
    • (1968) Journal of Geological Society of Australia , vol.15 , pp. 87-102
    • Chappell, B.W.1
  • 20
    • 35848942232 scopus 로고
    • Contact metamorphosed granitoids: Their metamorphic zonation, correlation with associated hornfels isograds and implications upon emplacement mechanisms in the New England Batholith
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Clare, A. P. (1988) Contact metamorphosed granitoids: Their metamorphic zonation, correlation with associated hornfels isograds and implications upon emplacement mechanisms in the New England Batholith. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (1988) , pp. 1988
    • Clare, A.P.1
  • 21
    • 5244289095 scopus 로고
    • Petrology of the Tamworth Group, Lower and Middle Devonian, Tamworth-Nundle district, New South Wales
    • Crook, K. A. W. (1960) Petrology of the Tamworth Group, Lower and Middle Devonian, Tamworth-Nundle district, New South Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 30, pp. 353-369.
    • (1960) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.30 , pp. 353-369
    • Crook, K.A.W.1
  • 22
    • 85180004575 scopus 로고
    • Petrography of the Parry Group, Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, Tamworth-Nundle district, New South Wales
    • Crook, K. A. W. (1960) Petrography of the Parry Group, Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, Tamworth-Nundle district, New South Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 30, pp. 538-552.
    • (1960) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.30 , pp. 538-552
    • Crook, K.A.W.1
  • 23
    • 0008996916 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy of the Parry Group (Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous), Tamworth-Nundle district, N.S.W
    • Crook, K. A. W. (1961) Stratigraphy of the Parry Group (Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous), Tamworth-Nundle district, N.S.W. Journal and Proceedings of Royal Society of New South Wales, 94, pp. 189-207.
    • (1961) Journal and Proceedings of Royal Society of New South Wales , vol.94 , pp. 189-207
    • Crook, K.A.W.1
  • 25
    • 85009384623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated geophysical appraisal of crustal architecture in the eastern Lachlan Orogen
    • Direen, N. G., Lyons, P., Korsch, R. J. and Glen, R. A. (2001) Integrated geophysical appraisal of crustal architecture in the eastern Lachlan Orogen. Exploration Geophysics, 32, pp. 252-262.
    • (2001) Exploration Geophysics , vol.32 , pp. 252-262
    • Direen, N.G.1    Lyons, P.2    Korsch, R.J.3    Glen, R.A.4
  • 26
    • 35848951698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rock magnetism in the Kootingal area, N.S.W.: Constraints on the depth of the serpentinite along the Peel Fault
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Edwards, A. J. (1996) Rock magnetism in the Kootingal area, N.S.W.: constraints on the depth of the serpentinite along the Peel Fault. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (1996)
    • Edwards, A.J.1
  • 27
    • 85009397534 scopus 로고
    • Notes on mass properties of rocks - Density, porosity, permeability
    • Emerson, D. W. (1990) Notes on mass properties of rocks - density, porosity, permeability. Exploration Geophysics, 21, pp. 209-216.
    • (1990) Exploration Geophysics , vol.21 , pp. 209-216
    • Emerson, D.W.1
  • 29
    • 0027528249 scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric velocity structures under the southern New England Orogen: Evidence for underplating at the Tasman Sea margin
    • Finlayson, D. M. and Collins, C. D. N. (1993) Lithospheric velocity structures under the southern New England Orogen: Evidence for underplating at the Tasman Sea margin. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40, pp. 141-153.
    • (1993) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.40 , pp. 141-153
    • Finlayson, D.M.1    Collins, C.D.N.2
  • 30
    • 35848970416 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle Devonian to Recent of the Hanging Rock-Yellow Rock-Nundle District, N.S.W
    • University of Sydney, Sydney
    • Forsyth, W. F. F. (1985) Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle Devonian to Recent of the Hanging Rock-Yellow Rock-Nundle District, N.S.W. University of Sydney, Sydney
    • (1985)
    • Forsyth, W.F.F.1
  • 31
    • 0038614779 scopus 로고
    • A transect through a forearc basin: Preliminary results from a transect across the Tamworth Trough at Manilla N. S. W
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Glen, R. A. and Brown, R. E. (1993) A transect through a forearc basin: preliminary results from a transect across the Tamworth Trough at Manilla N. S. W. New England Orogen, Eastern Australia, pp. 105-111. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1993) New England Orogen, Eastern Australia , pp. 105-111
    • Glen, R.A.1    Brown, R.E.2
  • 32
    • 0006226246 scopus 로고
    • A deep seismic cross section through the Tamworth belt: Preliminary interpretation of 4 seconds two-way time data
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Glen, R. A., Korsch, R. J. and Wake-Dyster, K. D. (1993) A deep seismic cross section through the Tamworth belt: Preliminary interpretation of 4 seconds two-way time data. New England Orogen, Eastern Australia, pp. 101-104. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1993) New England Orogen, Eastern Australia , pp. 101-104
    • Glen, R.A.1    Korsch, R.J.2    Wake-Dyster, K.D.3
  • 33
    • 0347115522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining the location of the Kelvin Thrust
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Greentree, M. R. and Flood, R. H. (1999) Constraining the location of the Kelvin Thrust. New England Orogen: Regional Geology, Tectonic and Metallogenesis, pp. 95-104. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1999) New England Orogen: Regional Geology, Tectonic and Metallogenesis , pp. 95-104
    • Greentree, M.R.1    Flood, R.H.2
  • 34
    • 85014054750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated geophysical investigation of the Tamworth Belt and its bounding faults
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Guo, B. (2004) An integrated geophysical investigation of the Tamworth Belt and its bounding faults. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (2004)
    • Guo, B.1
  • 35
    • 84954960817 scopus 로고
    • A framework for the Paleozoic geology of the southern part of the New England Geosyncline
    • Korsch, R. J. (1977) A framework for the Paleozoic geology of the southern part of the New England Geosyncline. Journal of Geological Society of Australia, 24, pp. 339-355.
    • (1977) Journal of Geological Society of Australia , vol.24 , pp. 339-355
    • Korsch, R.J.1
  • 37
    • 70449362108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meandarra Gravity Ridge: Symmetry elements of the gravity anomaly and its relationship to the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin System
    • Krassay, A., Korsch, R. J. and Drummond, B. J. Meandarra Gravity Ridge: symmetry elements of the gravity anomaly and its relationship to the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin System. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
    • Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
    • Krassay, A.1    Korsch, R.J.2    Drummond, B.J.3
  • 38
    • 0028333116 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for evaluation of potential field interpretations
    • Leaman, D. E. (1994) Criteria for evaluation of potential field interpretations. First Break, 12, pp. 181-191.
    • (1994) First Break , vol.12 , pp. 181-191
    • Leaman, D.E.1
  • 39
    • 84931121674 scopus 로고
    • The geological evolution of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt
    • Leitch, E. C. (1974) The geological evolution of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt. Journal of Geological Society of Australia, 21, pp. 133-156.
    • (1974) Journal of Geological Society of Australia , vol.21 , pp. 133-156
    • Leitch, E.C.1
  • 40
    • 0002352345 scopus 로고
    • Plate tectonic interpretation of the Palaeozoic history of the New England Fold Belt
    • Leitch, E. C. (1975) Plate tectonic interpretation of the Palaeozoic history of the New England Fold Belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 86, pp. 141-144.
    • (1975) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 141-144
    • Leitch, E.C.1
  • 41
    • 0001209675 scopus 로고
    • The floor of the Gunnedah Basin north of the Liverpool Range
    • Leitch, E. C. (1993) The floor of the Gunnedah Basin north of the Liverpool Range. The Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, pp. 335-348.
    • (1993) The Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales , pp. 335-348
    • Leitch, E.C.1
  • 42
    • 0026266535 scopus 로고
    • Fault-related folding: Tulcumba Ridge, western New England
    • Liang, T. C. K. (1991) Fault-related folding: Tulcumba Ridge, western New England. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, pp. 349-355.
    • (1991) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.38 , pp. 349-355
    • Liang, T.C.K.1
  • 43
    • 0004771655 scopus 로고
    • Southern Queensland contract reconnaissance gravity survey using helicopters
    • 120576:59262
    • Lonsdale, G. F. (1965) Southern Queensland contract reconnaissance gravity survey using helicopters. Bureau of Mineral Resources Record, 120576:59262
    • (1965) Bureau of Mineral Resources Record
    • Lonsdale, G.F.1
  • 44
    • 0023481168 scopus 로고
    • Andean analogue for Late Carboniferous volcanic arc and arc flank environments of the western New England Orogen, New South Wales, Australia
    • McPhie, J. (1987) Andean analogue for Late Carboniferous volcanic arc and arc flank environments of the western New England Orogen, New South Wales, Australia. Tectonophysics, 138, pp. 269-288.
    • (1987) Tectonophysics , vol.138 , pp. 269-288
    • McPhie, J.1
  • 47
    • 0024898326 scopus 로고
    • Regional geological interpretation of a digital coloured residual Bouguer gravity image of eastern Australia with a wavelength cut-off of 250 km
    • Murray, C. G., Scheibner, E. and Walker, R. N. (1989) Regional geological interpretation of a digital coloured residual Bouguer gravity image of eastern Australia with a wavelength cut-off of 250 km. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, pp. 423-449.
    • (1989) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.36 , pp. 423-449
    • Murray, C.G.1    Scheibner, E.2    Walker, R.N.3
  • 49
    • 4243089165 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphism in the forearc and subduction complex sequences of the southern New England fold belt
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Offler, R. and Hand, M. (1988) Metamorphism in the forearc and subduction complex sequences of the southern New England fold belt. New England Orogen: Tectonics and Metallogenesis, pp. 78-86. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1988) New England Orogen: Tectonics and Metallogenesis , pp. 78-86
    • Offler, R.1    Hand, M.2
  • 50
    • 0006219309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metamorphism in Palaeozoic forearc basin sequences, southern New England Fold Belt, N.S.W., Australia
    • Offler, R., Roberts, J., Lennox, P. and Gibson, J. (1997) Metamorphism in Palaeozoic forearc basin sequences, southern New England Fold Belt, N.S.W., Australia. Proceedings 30th International Geological Congress, 17, pp. 241-250.
    • (1997) Proceedings 30th International Geological Congress , vol.17 , pp. 241-250
    • Offler, R.1    Roberts, J.2    Lennox, P.3    Gibson, J.4
  • 51
    • 35848968739 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the Piallaway Paddock and Dunover Mountains, northern Werrie Basin, NSW
    • Macquarie University, Sydney
    • Preston, R. J. (1987) The geology of the Piallaway Paddock and Dunover Mountains, northern Werrie Basin, NSW. Macquarie University, Sydney
    • (1987)
    • Preston, R.J.1
  • 52
    • 0021545746 scopus 로고
    • Wollondilly-Blue Mountains gravity gradient and its bearing on the origin of the Sydney Basin
    • Qureshi, I. R. (1984) Wollondilly-Blue Mountains gravity gradient and its bearing on the origin of the Sydney Basin. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, pp. 293-302.
    • (1984) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.31 , pp. 293-302
    • Qureshi, I.R.1
  • 53
    • 85009343188 scopus 로고
    • Positive gravity anomaly over the Sydney Basin
    • Qureshi, I. R. (1989) Positive gravity anomaly over the Sydney Basin. Exploration Geophysics, 20, pp. 191-193.
    • (1989) Exploration Geophysics , vol.20 , pp. 191-193
    • Qureshi, I.R.1
  • 55
    • 35848952367 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic anomalies over the western margin of the New England fold belt, northeast New South Wales
    • Ramsay, W. R. H. and Stanley, J. M. (1976) Magnetic anomalies over the western margin of the New England fold belt, northeast New South Wales. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87, pp. 1421-1428.
    • (1976) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Ramsay, W.R.H.1    Stanley, J.M.2
  • 56
    • 3042773733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian volcanic successions of the Carroll-Nandewar region, northern Tamworth Belt, southern New England Orogen, Australia
    • Roberts, J., Offler, R. and Fanning, M. (2004) Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian volcanic successions of the Carroll-Nandewar region, northern Tamworth Belt, southern New England Orogen, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 51, pp. 205-232.
    • (2004) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.51 , pp. 205-232
    • Roberts, J.1    Offler, R.2    Fanning, M.3
  • 59
    • 0019677639 scopus 로고
    • The New England Batholith, eastern Australia: Geochemical variations in time and space
    • Shaw, S. E. and Flood, R. H. (1981) The New England Batholith, eastern Australia: Geochemical variations in time and space. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, pp. 10530-10544.
    • (1981) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.86 , pp. 10530-10544
    • Shaw, S.E.1    Flood, R.H.2
  • 60
    • 0009023464 scopus 로고
    • Permian and Triassic New England Orogen/Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin in the context of Gondwanaland and Pangea
    • Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • Veevers, J. J., Conaghan, P. J. and Shaw, S. E. (1993) Permian and Triassic New England Orogen/Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin in the context of Gondwanaland and Pangea. New England Orogen, Eastern Australia, pp. 31-51. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of New England, Armidale
    • (1993) New England Orogen, Eastern Australia , pp. 31-51
    • Veevers, J.J.1    Conaghan, P.J.2    Shaw, S.E.3
  • 61
    • 35848961305 scopus 로고
    • Results of ground magnetic surveys over selected ophiolites near the Peel fault in the Bingara-Barraba region, N.S.W
    • Woods, K. T. (1988) Results of ground magnetic surveys over selected ophiolites near the Peel fault in the Bingara-Barraba region, N.S.W. Geological Survey of New South Wales Report
    • (1988) Geological Survey of New South Wales Report
    • Woods, K.T.1
  • 62
    • 0028808494 scopus 로고
    • Thrust systems in the Tamworth Zone, Southern New England Orogen, New South Wales
    • Woodward, N. B. (1995) Thrust systems in the Tamworth Zone, Southern New England Orogen, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, pp. 107-117.
    • (1995) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.42 , pp. 107-117
    • Woodward, N.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.