Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on reduction in rate of childhood diarrhoea in northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort studies

Lancet

Volumn 370, Issue 9599, 2007, Pages 1622-1628

  Barreto, Mauricio L ^a   Genser, Bernd ^a   Strina, Agostino ^a   Teixeira, Maria Gloria ^c   Assis, Ana Marlucia O ^a   Rego, Rita F ^a   Teles, Carlos A ^a   Prado, Matildes S ^a   Matos, Sheila MA ^a   Santos, Darci N ^a   dos Santos, Lenaldo A ^a   Cairncross, Sandy ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA   (Brazil)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CITY PLANNING; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORBIDITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SANITATION; SEWAGE DISPOSAL;

EID: 35748974493     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61638-9     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Fewtrell L., Kaufmann R., Kay D., Enanoria W., Haller L., and Colford Jr. J. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (2005) 42-52
2. Laxminarayan R., Chow J., and Shahid-Salles S. Intervention cost-effectiveness: overview of main messages. In: Jamison D., Breman J., Measham A., et al. (Eds). Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd edn. (2006), Oxford University Press, New York 35-86 35-86.
3. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Report 2006. Beyond scarcity: power, poverty and the global water crisis (2006), Palgrave Macmillan, New York
4. Pruss A., Kay D., Fewtrell L., and Bartram J. Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environ Health Perspect 110 (2002) 537-542
5. Cairncross S., and Valdmanis V. Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion. In: Jamison D., Breman J., Measham A., Alleyne G., and Claeson M. (Eds). Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edn. (2006), Oxford University Pressk, New York 771-792
6. Strina A., Cairncross S., Barreto M., Larrea C., and Prado M. Childhood diarrhoea and observed hygiene behaviour in Salvador, Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 157 (2003) 1032-1038
7. Esrey S., Potash J., Roberts L., and Shiff C. Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis and trachoma. Bull World Health Organ 69 (1991) 609-621
8. Cairncross S., Blumenthal U., Kolsky P., Moraes L., and Tayeh A. The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease. Trop Med Int Health 1 (1996) 27-34
9. Curtis V., Kanki B., Mertens T., et al. Potties, pits and pipes: explaining hygiene behaviour in Burkina Faso. Soc Sci Med 41 (1995) 383-393
10. Kosek M., Bern C., and Guerrant R. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull World Health Organ 81 (2003) 197-204
11. WHO/UNICEF. Water for life; making it happen (2005), WHO/Unicef Joint Monitoring Programme, Geneva/New York
12. Barreto M., Strina A., Prado M., et al. Saneamento básico e saúde: fundamentos científicos para avaliação do impacto epidemiólogico do programa de saneamento ambiental da Bahia de Todos os Santos (Bahia Azul). In: Heller L., Moraes L., Monteiro T., et al. (Eds). Saneamento e Saúde nos Países em Desenvolvimento (1997), CC&P Editores, Rio de Janeiro 7-35
13. Teixeira M., Barreto M., Costa M., Strina A., Martins Jr. D., and Prado M. Sentinel areas: a monitoring strategy in public health. Cad Saude Publica 18 (2002) 1189-1195
14. Morris S., Cousens S., Kirkwood B., Arthur P., and Ross D. Is prevalence of diarrhea a better predictor of subsequent mortality and weight gain than diarrhea incidence?. Am J Epidemiol 144 (1996) 582-588
15. Baqui A., Black R., Yunus M., Hoque A., Chowdhury H., and Sack R. Methodological issues in diarrhoeal diseases epidemiology: definition of diarrhoeal episodes. Int J Epidemiol 20 (1991) 1057-1063
16. Strina A., Cairncross S., Prado M., Teles C., and Barreto M. Childhood diarrhoea symptoms, management and duration: observations from a longitudinal community study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99 (2005) 407-416
17. Milroy C., Borja P., Barros F., and Barreto M. Evaluating sanitary quality and classifying urban sectors according to environmental conditions. Environ Urban 13 (2001) 235-256
18. Schmid J., Koch G., and LaVange L. An overview of statistical issues and methods of meta-analysis. J Biopharm Stat 1 (1991) 103-120
19. Genser B., Strina A., Teles C., Prado M., and Barreto M. Risk factors for childhood diarrhea incidence - dynamic analysis of a longitudinal study. Epidemiology 17 (2006) 658-667
20. Sastry N., and Burgard S. The prevalence of diarrheal disease among Brazilian children: trends and differentials from 1986 to 1996. Soc Sci Med 60 (2005) 923-935
21. Blum D., and Feachem R. Measuring the impact of water supply and sanitation investments on diarrhoeal diseases: problems of methodology. Int J Epidemiol 12 (1983) 357-365
22. Schmidt W., Luby S., Genser B., Barreto M., and Clasen T. Estimating the longitudinal prevalence of diarrhea and other episodic diseases: continuous versus intermittent surveillance. Epidemiology 18 (2007) 537-543
23. Briscoe J., Feachem R., and Rahaman M. Evaluating health impact; water supply, sanitation and hygiene education (1986), International Development Research Centre, Ottawa
24. Moraes L., Cancio J., Cairncross S., and Huttly S. Impact of drainage and sewerage on diarrhoea in poor urban areas in Salvador, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 (2003) 153-158
25. TCEB. Avaliação do Programa de Saneamento Ambiental da Bahia de Todos os Santos (2005), Tribunal de Contas do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
26. WHO/UNICEF. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report (2000), World Health Organization with Unicef, Geneva