Depression, perceived inferiority, and interpersonal behavior: Evidence for the involuntary defeat strategy

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 751-778

  Zuroff, David C ^a   Fournier, Marca ^b   Moskowitz, D S ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 35648979381     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2007.26.7.751     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Allan, S., & Gilbert, P. (1997). Submissive behaviour and psychopathology. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 467-488.
2. Allan, S., & Gilbert, P. (2002). Anger and anger expression in relation to perceptions of social rank, entrapment and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 551-565.
3. Beach, S. R. H., & Amir, N. (2003). Is depression taxonic, dimensional, or both? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(2), 228-236.
4. Beck, A.T., Rush, A., Shaw, B., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
5. Beckham, E.E., & Leber, W.R. (Eds.) (1995). Handbook of depression (2nd ed.) New York: Guilford Press.
6. Billings, A. G., Cronkite, R. C., & Moos, R. H. (1983). Social-environmental factors in unipolar depression: Comparisons of depressed patients and nondepressed controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 119-133.
7. Brown, G.W., Harris, T., & Hepworth, C. (1995). Loss, humiliation, and entrapment among women developing depression: A patient and non-patient comparison. Psychological Medicine, 25, 7-21.
8. Chance, M. R. A. (1984). Biological systems synthesis of mentality and the nature of the two modes of mental operation: Hedonic and agonic. Man-Environment Systems, 14, 143-157.
9. Cheung, M. S.-P., Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2004). An exploration of shame, social rank and rumination in relation to depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1143-1153.
10. Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
11. Forrest, M.S., & Hokanson, J.E. (1975). Depression and autonomic arousal reduction accompanying self-punitive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 346-357.
12. Fournier, M. A., & Moskowitz, D. S. (2000). The mitigation of interpersonal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 827-836.
13. Fournier, M. A., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2002). Social rank strategies in hierarchical relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 425-433.
14. Gilbert, P. (1992a). Defense, safe(ty) and biosocial goals in relation to the agonic and hedonic social modes. World Futures, 35,31-70.
15. Gilbert, P. (1992b). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Gilbert, P. (1993). Defense and safety: Their function in social behaviour and psychopathology. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 131-153.
17. Gilbert, P. (2000). Varieties of submissive behavior as forms of social defense: Their evolution and role in depression. In L. Sloman & P. Gilbert (Eds.), Subordination and defeat: An evolutionary approach to mood disorders and their therapy (pp. 3-45). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
18. Gilbert, P. (2001a). Depression and stress: A biopsychosocial exploration of evolved functions and mechanisms. Stress, 4(2), 121-135.
19. Gilbert, P. (2001b). Evolutionary approaches to psychopathology: The role of natural defences. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35,17-27.
20. Gilbert, P. (2004). Depression: A biopsychosocial, integrative, and evolutionary approach. In MJ. Power (Ed.), Mood disorders: A handbook of science and practice (pp. 99-142). Chichester, England; Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
21. Gilbert, P. (2005a). Compassion and cruelty: A biopsychosocial approach. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research, and use in psychotherapy (pp. 9-74). New York: Routledge.
22. Gilbert, P. (2005b). Evolution and depression: Issues and implications. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1-11.
23. Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1998). The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine, 28, 585-598.
24. Gilbert, P., Allan, S., Brough, S., Melley, S., & Miles, J.N.V. (2002). Relationship of anhedonia and anxiety to social rank, defeat, and entrapment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71, 141-151.
25. Gilbert, P., Gilbert, J., & Irons, C. (2004). Life events, entrapments and arrested anger in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79, 149-160.
26. Gotlib, I. H., & Cane, D. B. (1989). Self-report assessment of depression and anxiety. In P.C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 225-251). New York: Academic Press.
27. Hirschfeld, R. M., Klerman, G. L., Clayton, P. J., & Keller, M. B. (1983). Personality and depression: Empirical findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 993-998.
28. Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., Baer, B. A., Ureño, G., & Villaseñor, V. S. (1988). Inventory of interpersonal problems: Psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 885-892.
29. Irons, C., & Gilbert, P. (2005). Evolved mechanisms in adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: The role of the attachment and social rank systems. Journal of Adolescence, 28, 325-341.
30. Kendler, K.S., Hettema, J.M., Butera, F., Gardner, CO., & Prescott, C.A. (2003). Life event dimensions of loss, humiliation, entrapment, and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 789-796.
31. Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90, 185-214.
32. Levitan, R. D., Hasey, G., & Sloman, L. (2000). Major depression and the involuntary defeat strategy: Biological correlates. In P. Gilbert, & L. Sloman (Eds.), Subordination and defeat: An evolutionary approach to mood disorders and their therapy (pp. 95-120). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
33. Marks, I.M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals: Panic, anxiety and their disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Moskowitz, D. S. (1994). Cross-situational generality and the interpersonal circumplex. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 921-933.
35. Moskowitz, D. S. (2005). Unfolding interpersonal behavior. Journal of Personality, 73, 1607-1632.
36. Moskowitz, D. S., Brown, K.W., & Coté, S. (1997). Reconceptualizing stability: Using time as a psychological dimension. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 127-131.
37. Moskowitz, D. S., & Coté, S. (1995). Do interpersonal traits predict affect? A comparison of three models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 915-924.
38. Moskowitz, D. S., Suh, E. J., & Desaulniers, J. (1994). Situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 753-761.
39. Moskowitz, D. S., & Young, S. N. (2006). Ecological momentary assessment: What it is and why it is a method of the future in clinical psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 31, 13-20.
40. Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2005). Assessing interpersonal perceptions using the interpersonal grid. Psychological Assessment, 17, 218-230.
41. Nezlek, J. B., Hampton, C. P., & Shean, G. D. (2000). Clinical depression and day-to-day social interaction in a community sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(1), 11-19.
42. Orford, J. (1986). The rules of interpersonal complementarity: Does hostility beget hostility and dominance, submission? Psychological Revieiv, 93, 365-377.
43. Price, J.S. (1972). Genetic and phylogenetic aspects of mood variations. International Journal of Mental Health, 1, 124-144.
44. Price, J. S., & Sloman, L. (1987). Depression as yielding behavior: An animal model based on Schjelderup-Ebbe's pecking order. Ethology and Sociobiology, 8, 85-98.
45. Price, J., Sloman, L., Gardner, R., Jr., Gilbert, P., & Rohde, P. (1994). The social competition hypothesis of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 309-315.
46. Ruscio, A. M., & Ruscio, J. (2002). The latent structure of analogue depression: Should the Beck Depression Inventory be used to classify groups? Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 135-145.
47. Ruscio, J., & Ruscio, A. M. (2004). Clarifying boundary issues in psychopathology: The role of taxometrics in a comprehensive program of structural research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 24-38.
48. Ruscio, J., Ruscio, A. M., & Keane, T.M. (2004). Using taxometric analysis to distinguish a small latent taxon from a latent dimension with positively skewed indicators: The case of involuntary defeat syndrome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 223(1), 145-154.
49. Russell, J.A., Weiss, A., & Mendelsohn, G. (1989). Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 493-502.
50. Rygula, R., Abumaria, N., Flugge, G., Fuschs, E., Ruther, E., & Havemann-Reinecke, U. (2005). Anhedonia and motivational deficits in rats: Impact of chronic social stress. Behavioural Brain Research, 162(1), 127-134.
51. SAS Institute Inc. (1999). SAS/STAT user's guide, Version 8. Cary, NC: Author.
52. Segrin, C., & Abramson, L.Y. (1994). Negative reactions to depressive behaviours: A communication theories analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 655-668.
53. Shaw, B. F., Vallis, T. M., & McCabe, S. B. (1985). The assessment of the severity and symptom patterns in depression. In E. E. Beckham & W. R. Leber (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 372-407). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
54. Singer, J. D. (1998). Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 24, 323-355.
55. Sloman, L. (2000). How the involuntary defeat strategy relates to depression. In L. Sloman & P. Gilbert (Eds.), Subordination and defeat: An evolutionary approach to mood disorders and their therapy (pp. 47-67). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
56. Sloman, L., Price, J., Gilbert, P., & Gardner, R. (1994). Adaptive function of depression: Psychotherapeutic implications. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48, 401-416.
57. Sturman, E. D., & Mongrain, M. (2005). Self-criticism and major depression: An evolutionary perspective. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 502-519.
58. Summers, C. H., Forster, G. L., Korzan, W. J., Watt, M. J., Larson, E. T., Overli, O., et al. (2005). Dynamics and mechanics of social rank reversal. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 191, 241-252.
59. Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understandingand measurement of interpersonal behavior. In W. M. Grove & D. Cicchetti (Eds.), Thinking clearly about psychology (pp. 89-113). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
60. Wiggins, J. S., Trapnell, P., & Phillips, N. (1988). Psychometric and geometric characteristics of the revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS-R). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 517-530.
61. Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., & Coté, S. (1999). Dependency, self-criticism, interpersonal behaviour and affect: Evolutionary perspectives. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 231-250.