메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue C, 2001, Pages 239-277

Urea and glutamine synthesis: Environmental influences on nitrogen excretion

(1)  Anderson, Paul M a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PISCES; TELEOSTEI; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 35648953403     PISSN: 15465098     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1546-5098(01)20008-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (107)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 0030827339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interactive effects of feeding and exercise on oxygen consumption, swimming performance and protein usage in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Alsop D.H., and Wood C.M. The interactive effects of feeding and exercise on oxygen consumption, swimming performance and protein usage in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Exp. Biol. 200 (1997) 2337-2346
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 2337-2346
    • Alsop, D.H.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 2
    • 0017179195 scopus 로고
    • A glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity in the teleost Micropterus salmoides
    • Anderson P.M. A glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity in the teleost Micropterus salmoides. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54B (1976) 261-263
    • (1976) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.54 B , pp. 261-263
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 3
    • 0019327960 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine- and N-acetylglutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in elasmobranchs
    • Anderson P.M. Glutamine- and N-acetylglutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in elasmobranchs. Science 208 (1980) 291-293
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 291-293
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 4
    • 0019877741 scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of the glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias
    • Anderson P.M. Purification and properties of the glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 12228-12238
    • (1981) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.256 , pp. 12228-12238
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 5
    • 0022846429 scopus 로고
    • Effects of urea, trimethylamine oxide, and osmolality on respiration and citrulline synthesis by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias
    • Anderson P.M. Effects of urea, trimethylamine oxide, and osmolality on respiration and citrulline synthesis by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 85B (1986) 783-788
    • (1986) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.85 B , pp. 783-788
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 6
    • 0024352487 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase and other enzyme activities related to the pyrimidine pathway in spleen of Squalus acanthias (spinu dogfish)
    • Anderson P.M. Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase and other enzyme activities related to the pyrimidine pathway in spleen of Squalus acanthias (spinu dogfish). Biochem. J. 261 (1989) 523-529
    • (1989) Biochem. J. , vol.261 , pp. 523-529
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 7
    • 0026163431 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-dependent urea synthesis in elasmobranch fishes
    • Anderson P.M. Glutamine-dependent urea synthesis in elasmobranch fishes. Biochem. Cell Biol. 69 (1991) 317-319
    • (1991) Biochem. Cell Biol. , vol.69 , pp. 317-319
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 9
    • 0002362896 scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis
    • Walsh P.J., and Wright P.A. (Eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL Chap. 9
    • Anderson P.M. Molecular aspects of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. In: Walsh P.J., and Wright P.A. (Eds). Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 33-50 Chap. 9
    • (1995) Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion , pp. 33-50
    • Anderson, P.M.1
  • 10
    • 0021759151 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-dependent synthesis of citrulline by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias
    • Anderson P.M., and Casey C.A. Glutamine-dependent synthesis of citrulline by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 456-462
    • (1984) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.259 , pp. 456-462
    • Anderson, P.M.1    Casey, C.A.2
  • 11
    • 0029169124 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular localization and biochemical properties of the enzymes of carbamoyl phosphate and urea synthesis in the Batrachoidid fishes Opsanus beta, Opsanus tau, and Porichthys notatus
    • Anderson P.M., and Walsh P.J. Subcellular localization and biochemical properties of the enzymes of carbamoyl phosphate and urea synthesis in the Batrachoidid fishes Opsanus beta, Opsanus tau, and Porichthys notatus. J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 755-766
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 755-766
    • Anderson, P.M.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 12
    • 0001225591 scopus 로고
    • Functional roles of urea synthesis in vertebrates
    • Atkinson D.E. Functional roles of urea synthesis in vertebrates. Physiol. Zool. 65 (1992) 243-267
    • (1992) Physiol. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 243-267
    • Atkinson, D.E.1
  • 13
    • 0031407302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jaws: the inside story. The metabolism of elasmobranch fishes
    • Ballantyne J.S. Jaws: the inside story. The metabolism of elasmobranch fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118B (1997) 703-742
    • (1997) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.118 B , pp. 703-742
    • Ballantyne, J.S.1
  • 14
    • 0027134572 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of acid-base status and nitrogen excretion and metabolism in the ureogenic teleost Opsanus tau
    • Barber M.L., and Walsh P.J. Interactions of acid-base status and nitrogen excretion and metabolism in the ureogenic teleost Opsanus tau. J. Exp. Biol. 185 (1993) 87-105
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.185 , pp. 87-105
    • Barber, M.L.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 16
    • 0000224479 scopus 로고
    • Excretory nitrogen metabolism
    • Prosser C.L. (Ed), Wiley-Liss, New York Chap. 7
    • Campbell J.W. Excretory nitrogen metabolism. In: Prosser C.L. (Ed). Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology (1991), Wiley-Liss, New York 277-324 Chap. 7
    • (1991) Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology , pp. 277-324
    • Campbell, J.W.1
  • 17
    • 84998923250 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of mitochondrial enzyme systems in fish: the mitochondrial synthesis of glutamine and citrulline
    • Hochachka P.W., and Mommsen T.P. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Campbell J.W., and Anderson P.M. Evolution of mitochondrial enzyme systems in fish: the mitochondrial synthesis of glutamine and citrulline. In: Hochachka P.W., and Mommsen T.P. (Eds). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes Vol. 1 (1991), Elsevier, Amsterdam 43-76
    • (1991) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes , vol.1 , pp. 43-76
    • Campbell, J.W.1    Anderson, P.M.2
  • 18
    • 84989640917 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular localization of two glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetases and related enzymes in liver of Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and properties of isolated liver mitochondria: comparative relationships with elasmobranchs
    • Cao X., Kemp J.R., and Anderson P.M. Subcellular localization of two glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetases and related enzymes in liver of Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and properties of isolated liver mitochondria: comparative relationships with elasmobranchs. J. Exp. Zool. 258 (1991) 24-33
    • (1991) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.258 , pp. 24-33
    • Cao, X.1    Kemp, J.R.2    Anderson, P.M.3
  • 19
    • 0020490924 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular location of glutamine synthetase and urea cycle enzymes in liver of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
    • Casey C.A., and Anderson P.M. Subcellular location of glutamine synthetase and urea cycle enzymes in liver of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 8449-8453
    • (1982) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.257 , pp. 8449-8453
    • Casey, C.A.1    Anderson, P.M.2
  • 20
    • 0020636526 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from Micropterus salmoides. Purification, properties, and inhibition by glitamine analogs
    • Casey C.A., and Anderson P.M. Glutamine- and N-acetyl-l-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from Micropterus salmoides. Purification, properties, and inhibition by glitamine analogs. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 8723-8732
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.258 , pp. 8723-8732
    • Casey, C.A.1    Anderson, P.M.2
  • 21
    • 0021777408 scopus 로고
    • Submitochondrial localization of arginase and other enzymes associated with urea synthesis and nitrogen metabolism, in liver of Squalus acanthias
    • Casey C.A., and Anderson P.M. Submitochondrial localization of arginase and other enzymes associated with urea synthesis and nitrogen metabolism, in liver of Squalus acanthias. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82B (1985) 307-315
    • (1985) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.82 B , pp. 307-315
    • Casey, C.A.1    Anderson, P.M.2
  • 22
    • 0032755615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen excretion and expression of urea cycle enzymes in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): a comparison of early life stages with adults
    • Chadwick T.D., and Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion and expression of urea cycle enzymes in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): a comparison of early life stages with adults. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 2653
    • (1999) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.202 , pp. 2653
    • Chadwick, T.D.1    Wright, P.A.2
  • 23
    • 0000844639 scopus 로고
    • A unique pattern of tissue distribution and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
    • Chakravorty J., Saha N., and Ratha B.K. A unique pattern of tissue distribution and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Biochem. Int. 19 (1989) 519-527
    • (1989) Biochem. Int. , vol.19 , pp. 519-527
    • Chakravorty, J.1    Saha, N.2    Ratha, B.K.3
  • 24
    • 8044224109 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation of the urea cycle enzyme genes
    • University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
    • Chen Y. Transcriptional regulation of the urea cycle enzyme genes. Ph.D. thesis (1995), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
    • (1995) Ph.D. thesis
    • Chen, Y.1
  • 25
    • 0030934686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for the Rana catesbeiana homologue of C/EBP alpha in the reprogramming of gene expression in the liver of metamorphosing tadpoles
    • Chen Y., and Atkinson B.G. Role for the Rana catesbeiana homologue of C/EBP alpha in the reprogramming of gene expression in the liver of metamorphosing tadpoles. Dev. Genet. 20 (1997) 152-162
    • (1997) Dev. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 152-162
    • Chen, Y.1    Atkinson, B.G.2
  • 26
    • 0027965452 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and expression of C/EBP-like genes in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during spontaneous and thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis
    • Chen Y., Hu H., and Atkinson B.G. Characterization and expression of C/EBP-like genes in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during spontaneous and thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis. Dev. Genet. 15 (1994) 366-377
    • (1994) Dev. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 366-377
    • Chen, Y.1    Hu, H.2    Atkinson, B.G.3
  • 27
    • 0023019117 scopus 로고
    • Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
    • Chiu Y.N., Austic R.E., and Rumsey G.L. Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Nutr. 116 (1986) 1640-1650
    • (1986) J. Nutr. , vol.116 , pp. 1640-1650
    • Chiu, Y.N.1    Austic, R.E.2    Rumsey, G.L.3
  • 28
    • 0002912780 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and comparative aspects of urea biosynthesis
    • Grisolia S., Báguena R., and Mayor F. (Eds), John Wiley, New York
    • Cohen P.P. Evolutionary and comparative aspects of urea biosynthesis. In: Grisolia S., Báguena R., and Mayor F. (Eds). The Urea Cycle (1976), John Wiley, New York 21-38
    • (1976) The Urea Cycle , pp. 21-38
    • Cohen, P.P.1
  • 29
    • 0000174283 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogenous waste and accumulation of urea and ammonia in Chalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey)
    • Danulat E., and Kempe S. Nitrogenous waste and accumulation of urea and ammonia in Chalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 9 (1992) 377-386
    • (1992) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.9 , pp. 377-386
    • Danulat, E.1    Kempe, S.2
  • 30
    • 0001203335 scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of glutamate dehydrogenase in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis
    • Das J.R., Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of glutamate dehydrogenase in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. Biochem. Systematics Ecol. 19 (1991) 207-212
    • (1991) Biochem. Systematics Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 207-212
    • Das, J.R.1    Saha, N.2    Ratha, B.K.3
  • 31
    • 0026328441 scopus 로고
    • Ureogenesis in a freshwater teleost: an unusual subcellular localization of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in the freshwater air-breathing teleost Heteropneustes fossilis
    • Dkhar J., Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Ureogenesis in a freshwater teleost: an unusual subcellular localization of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in the freshwater air-breathing teleost Heteropneustes fossilis. Biochem. Int. 25 (1991) 1061-1069
    • (1991) Biochem. Int. , vol.25 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Dkhar, J.1    Saha, N.2    Ratha, B.K.3
  • 32
    • 0242689614 scopus 로고
    • CAD, a chimeric protein that initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in higher eukaryotes
    • Hardie D.G. (Ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam Chap. 9
    • Evans D.E. CAD, a chimeric protein that initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in higher eukaryotes. In: Hardie D.G. (Ed). Multidomain Proteins-Structure and Function (1986), Elsevier, Amsterdam 283-331 Chap. 9
    • (1986) Multidomain Proteins-Structure and Function , pp. 283-331
    • Evans, D.E.1
  • 33
    • 0025415452 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the 5′ end of the growth-regulated Syrian hamster CAD gene
    • Farnham P.J., and Kollmar R. Characterization of the 5′ end of the growth-regulated Syrian hamster CAD gene. Cell Growth Diff. 1 (1990) 179-189
    • (1990) Cell Growth Diff. , vol.1 , pp. 179-189
    • Farnham, P.J.1    Kollmar, R.2
  • 34
    • 0031923410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in various tissues of four fish species
    • Felskie A.K., Anderson P.M., and Wright P.A. Expression and activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in various tissues of four fish species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 119 (1998) 355-364
    • (1998) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.119 , pp. 355-364
    • Felskie, A.K.1    Anderson, P.M.2    Wright, P.A.3
  • 36
    • 0026709234 scopus 로고
    • Factors interacting with the rat carbamoyl phosphate synthetase promoter in expressing and nonexpressing tissues
    • Goping I.S., Lagacé M., and Shore G.C. Factors interacting with the rat carbamoyl phosphate synthetase promoter in expressing and nonexpressing tissues. Gene 118 (1992) 283-287
    • (1992) Gene , vol.118 , pp. 283-287
    • Goping, I.S.1    Lagacé, M.2    Shore, G.C.3
  • 38
    • 0026286428 scopus 로고
    • Guppies, toadfish, lungfish, coelacanths and frogs: a scenario for the evolution of urea retention in fishes
    • Griffith R.W. Guppies, toadfish, lungfish, coelacanths and frogs: a scenario for the evolution of urea retention in fishes. Environ. Biol. Fish. 32 (1991) 199-218
    • (1991) Environ. Biol. Fish. , vol.32 , pp. 199-218
    • Griffith, R.W.1
  • 39
    • 0024977939 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of uric acid in fish liver peroxisomes. Intraperoxisomal localization of hepatic allantoicase and purification of its peroxisomal membrane-found form
    • Hayashi S., Fujiwara S., and Noguchi T. Degradation of uric acid in fish liver peroxisomes. Intraperoxisomal localization of hepatic allantoicase and purification of its peroxisomal membrane-found form. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 3211-3215
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.264 , pp. 3211-3215
    • Hayashi, S.1    Fujiwara, S.2    Noguchi, T.3
  • 40
    • 0028338716 scopus 로고
    • 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine-induced carbamyl-phosphate synthetase gene expression is stabilized in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during heat shock
    • Helbing C.C., and Atkinson B.G. 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine-induced carbamyl-phosphate synthetase gene expression is stabilized in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during heat shock. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 11743-11750
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 11743-11750
    • Helbing, C.C.1    Atkinson, B.G.2
  • 41
    • 0030728544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial citrulline synthesis in the ureagenic toadfish, Opsanus beta, is dependent on carbonic anhydrase activity and glutamine transport
    • Henry R.P., and Walsh P.J. Mitochondrial citrulline synthesis in the ureagenic toadfish, Opsanus beta, is dependent on carbonic anhydrase activity and glutamine transport. J. Exp. Zool. 279 (1997) 521-529
    • (1997) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.279 , pp. 521-529
    • Henry, R.P.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 42
    • 0027996538 scopus 로고
    • Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III, an evolutionary intermediate in the transition between glutamine-dependent and ammonia-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetases
    • Hong J., Salo W.L., Lusty C.L., and Anderson P.M. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III, an evolutionary intermediate in the transition between glutamine-dependent and ammonia-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetases. J. Mol. Biol. 243 (1994) 131-140
    • (1994) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.243 , pp. 131-140
    • Hong, J.1    Salo, W.L.2    Lusty, C.L.3    Anderson, P.M.4
  • 43
    • 0029018738 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the multifunctional protein carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) mRNA in Squalus acanthias
    • Hong J., Salo W.L., and Anderson P.M. Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the multifunctional protein carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) mRNA in Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 14130-14139
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 14130-14139
    • Hong, J.1    Salo, W.L.2    Anderson, P.M.3
  • 44
    • 0030470601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promoter region of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III gene of Squalus acanthias
    • Hong J., Salo W.L., Chen Y., Atkinson B.G., and Anderson P.M. The promoter region of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III gene of Squalus acanthias. J. Mol. Evol. 43 (1996) 602-609
    • (1996) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.43 , pp. 602-609
    • Hong, J.1    Salo, W.L.2    Chen, Y.3    Atkinson, B.G.4    Anderson, P.M.5
  • 45
    • 0029379608 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of cortisol and nitrogen metabolism in the ureogenic gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta
    • Hopkins T.E., Wood C.M., and Walsh P.J. Interactions of cortisol and nitrogen metabolism in the ureogenic gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 2229-2235
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 2229-2235
    • Hopkins, T.E.1    Wood, C.M.2    Walsh, P.J.3
  • 46
    • 0031172847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field studies on the ureogenic gulf toadfish, in a subtropical bay. II. Nitrogen excretion physiology
    • Hopkins T.E., Serafy J.E., and Walsh P.J. Field studies on the ureogenic gulf toadfish, in a subtropical bay. II. Nitrogen excretion physiology. J. Fish Biol. 50 (1997) 1271-1284
    • (1997) J. Fish Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 1271-1284
    • Hopkins, T.E.1    Serafy, J.E.2    Walsh, P.J.3
  • 47
    • 0033282703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in an intertidal population of the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
    • Hopkins T.E., Wood C.M., and Walsh P.J. Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in an intertidal population of the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. 33 (1999) 21-34
    • (1999) Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 21-34
    • Hopkins, T.E.1    Wood, C.M.2    Walsh, P.J.3
  • 49
    • 21144468013 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the responses of two mudskippers to terrestrial exposure
    • Ip Y.K., Lee C.Y., Chew S.F., Low W.P., and Peng K.W. Differences in the responses of two mudskippers to terrestrial exposure. Zool. Sci. 10 (1993) 511-519
    • (1993) Zool. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 511-519
    • Ip, Y.K.1    Lee, C.Y.2    Chew, S.F.3    Low, W.P.4    Peng, K.W.5
  • 50
    • 0000216052 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in the mudskipper, Periophthalmus cantonensis: changes in free amino acids and related compounds in carious tissues under conditions of ammonia loading with reference to its high ammonia tolerance
    • Iwata K. Nitrogen metabolism in the mudskipper, Periophthalmus cantonensis: changes in free amino acids and related compounds in carious tissues under conditions of ammonia loading with reference to its high ammonia tolerance. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91A (1988) 499-508
    • (1988) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.91 A , pp. 499-508
    • Iwata, K.1
  • 51
    • 0001305790 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in the mudskipper, Periophthalmus cantonensis: a role of free amino acids in detoxification of ammonia produced during its terrestrial life
    • Iwata K., Kakuta M., Ikeda G., Kimoto S., and Wada N. Nitrogen metabolism in the mudskipper, Periophthalmus cantonensis: a role of free amino acids in detoxification of ammonia produced during its terrestrial life. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 68A (1981) 589-596
    • (1981) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.68 A , pp. 589-596
    • Iwata, K.1    Kakuta, M.2    Ikeda, G.3    Kimoto, S.4    Wada, N.5
  • 52
    • 0018823799 scopus 로고
    • Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in animals: genes, enzymes, and regulation of UMP biosynthesis
    • Jones M.E. Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in animals: genes, enzymes, and regulation of UMP biosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49 (1980) 253-280
    • (1980) Ann. Rev. Biochem. , vol.49 , pp. 253-280
    • Jones, M.E.1
  • 54
    • 0033009548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus activates hepatic glutamine synthetase and detoxifies ammonia to glutamine during air exposure
    • Jow L.Y., Chew S.F., Lim C.B., Anderson P.M., and Ip Y.K. The marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus activates hepatic glutamine synthetase and detoxifies ammonia to glutamine during air exposure. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 237-245
    • (1999) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.202 , pp. 237-245
    • Jow, L.Y.1    Chew, S.F.2    Lim, C.B.3    Anderson, P.M.4    Ip, Y.K.5
  • 55
    • 0031856128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetyl-l-glutamate and the urea cycle in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and other fish
    • Julsrud E.A., Walsh P.J., and Anderson P.M. N-acetyl-l-glutamate and the urea cycle in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and other fish. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 350 (1998) 55-60
    • (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.350 , pp. 55-60
    • Julsrud, E.A.1    Walsh, P.J.2    Anderson, P.M.3
  • 56
    • 0031870286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen excretion and expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III activity and mRNA in extrahepatic tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
    • Kong H., Edberg D.D., Salo W.L., Wright P.A., and Anderson P.M. Nitrogen excretion and expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III activity and mRNA in extrahepatic tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 350 (1998) 157-168
    • (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.350 , pp. 157-168
    • Kong, H.1    Edberg, D.D.2    Salo, W.L.3    Wright, P.A.4    Anderson, P.M.5
  • 57
    • 0033982699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine synthetase mRNA during confinement stress in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
    • Kong H., Kahatapitiya N., Kingsley K., Salo W.L., Anderson P.M., Wang Y.S., and Walsh P.J. Induction of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III and glutamine synthetase mRNA during confinement stress in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). J. Exp. Biol. 203 (2000) 311-320
    • (2000) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.203 , pp. 311-320
    • Kong, H.1    Kahatapitiya, N.2    Kingsley, K.3    Salo, W.L.4    Anderson, P.M.5    Wang, Y.S.6    Walsh, P.J.7
  • 58
    • 0001594246 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen excretion in teleostean fish: adaptive relationships to environment, ontogenesis, and viviparity
    • Walsh P.J., and Wright P. (Eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Korsgaard B., Mommsen T.P., and Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion in teleostean fish: adaptive relationships to environment, ontogenesis, and viviparity. In: Walsh P.J., and Wright P. (Eds). Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 259-287
    • (1995) Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion , pp. 259-287
    • Korsgaard, B.1    Mommsen, T.P.2    Wright, P.A.3
  • 59
    • 0030972971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III mRNA during the early stages of development and in muscle of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Korte J.J., Salo W.L., Cabrera V.M., Wright P.A., Felskie A.K., and Anderson P.M. Expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III mRNA during the early stages of development and in muscle of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 6270-6277
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 6270-6277
    • Korte, J.J.1    Salo, W.L.2    Cabrera, V.M.3    Wright, P.A.4    Felskie, A.K.5    Anderson, P.M.6
  • 60
    • 0023645334 scopus 로고
    • Rat carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I gene: promoter sequence and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation in vitro
    • Lagacé M., Howell B.W., Burak R., Lusty C.J., and Shore G.C. Rat carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I gene: promoter sequence and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 10415-10418
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 10415-10418
    • Lagacé, M.1    Howell, B.W.2    Burak, R.3    Lusty, C.J.4    Shore, G.C.5
  • 61
    • 0026731374 scopus 로고
    • The carbamoyl phosphate synthetase promoter contains multiple binding sites for C/EBP-related proteins
    • Lagacé M., Goping I.S., Muller C.R., Lazzaro M., and Shore G.C. The carbamoyl phosphate synthetase promoter contains multiple binding sites for C/EBP-related proteins. Gene 118 (1992) 231-238
    • (1992) Gene , vol.118 , pp. 231-238
    • Lagacé, M.1    Goping, I.S.2    Muller, C.R.3    Lazzaro, M.4    Shore, G.C.5
  • 62
    • 0028260399 scopus 로고
    • Genetic basis for tissue isozymes of glutamine synthetase in elasmobranchs
    • Laud P.R., and Campbell J.W. Genetic basis for tissue isozymes of glutamine synthetase in elasmobranchs. J. Mol. Evol. 39 (1994) 93-100
    • (1994) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.39 , pp. 93-100
    • Laud, P.R.1    Campbell, J.W.2
  • 63
    • 0030471852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion, and fuel usage during aerobic swimming in juvenile rainbow trout
    • Lauff R.F., and Wood C.M. Respiratory gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion, and fuel usage during aerobic swimming in juvenile rainbow trout. J. Comp. Physiol. B 166 (1996) 501-509
    • (1996) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.166 , pp. 501-509
    • Lauff, R.F.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 64
    • 0030916174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of training on respiratory gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion, and fuel usage during aerobic swimming in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    • Lauff R.F., and Wood C.M. Effects of training on respiratory gas exchange, nitrogenous waste excretion, and fuel usage during aerobic swimming in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54 (1997) 566-571
    • (1997) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 566-571
    • Lauff, R.F.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 65
    • 0035745557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mudskippers (Periophthalmodon schlosseri and Boleophthalmus boddaerti) reduce the rates of protein and amino acid catabolism to slow down internal ammonia build up during aerial exposure in constant darkness
    • Lim C.B., Chew S.F., Anderson P.M., and Ip Y.K. Mudskippers (Periophthalmodon schlosseri and Boleophthalmus boddaerti) reduce the rates of protein and amino acid catabolism to slow down internal ammonia build up during aerial exposure in constant darkness. J. Exp. Biol. 204 (2001) 1605-1614
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 1605-1614
    • Lim, C.B.1    Chew, S.F.2    Anderson, P.M.3    Ip, Y.K.4
  • 66
    • 0025285615 scopus 로고
    • The effect of varying water pH on the acidification of expired water in rainbow trout
    • Lin H.L., and Randall D.J. The effect of varying water pH on the acidification of expired water in rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol. 149 (1990) 149-160
    • (1990) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.149 , pp. 149-160
    • Lin, H.L.1    Randall, D.J.2
  • 68
    • 0025374648 scopus 로고
    • The purine nucleotide cycle revized
    • Lowenstein J.M. The purine nucleotide cycle revized. Int. J. Sports Med. 11 (1990) S37-S46
    • (1990) Int. J. Sports Med. , vol.11
    • Lowenstein, J.M.1
  • 69
    • 84986411746 scopus 로고
    • Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I from frog liver
    • Grisolia S., Báguena R., and Mayor F. (Eds), John Wiley, New York
    • Marshall M. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I from frog liver. In: Grisolia S., Báguena R., and Mayor F. (Eds). The Urea Cycle (1976), John Wiley, New York 133-142
    • (1976) The Urea Cycle , pp. 133-142
    • Marshall, M.1
  • 71
    • 0009859123 scopus 로고
    • Urea synthesis in mammals
    • Walsh P.J., and Wright P.A. (Eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL Chap. 12
    • Meijer A.J. Urea synthesis in mammals. In: Walsh P.J., and Wright P.A. (Eds). Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 193-204 Chap. 12
    • (1995) Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion , pp. 193-204
    • Meijer, A.J.1
  • 73
    • 0023885944 scopus 로고
    • The purine nucleotide cycle as two temporally separated metabolic units: a study on trout muscle
    • Mommsen T.P., and Hochachka P.W. The purine nucleotide cycle as two temporally separated metabolic units: a study on trout muscle. Metabolism 37 (1988) 552-556
    • (1988) Metabolism , vol.37 , pp. 552-556
    • Mommsen, T.P.1    Hochachka, P.W.2
  • 74
    • 0024494202 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of urea synthesis in vertebrates: the piscine connection
    • Mommsen T.P., and Walsh P.J. Evolution of urea synthesis in vertebrates: the piscine connection. Science 243 (1989) 72-75
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 72-75
    • Mommsen, T.P.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 75
    • 84994436609 scopus 로고
    • Urea synthesis in fishes: evolutionary and biochemical perspectives
    • Hochachka P.W., and Mommsen T.P. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Mommsen T.P., and Walsh P.J. Urea synthesis in fishes: evolutionary and biochemical perspectives. In: Hochachka P.W., and Mommsen T.P. (Eds). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes Vol. 1 (1991), Elsevier, Amsterdam 137-163
    • (1991) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes , vol.1 , pp. 137-163
    • Mommsen, T.P.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 76
    • 0026655126 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes
    • Mommsen T.P., and Walsh P.J. Biochemical and environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes. Experientia 48 (1992) 583-593
    • (1992) Experientia , vol.48 , pp. 583-593
    • Mommsen, T.P.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 77
    • 0033509296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation
    • Mommsen T.P., Vijayan M.M., and Moon T.W. Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 9 (1999) 211
    • (1999) Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. , vol.9 , pp. 211
    • Mommsen, T.P.1    Vijayan, M.M.2    Moon, T.W.3
  • 78
    • 0022388322 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and derivation of the gene coding for mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase I on rat
    • Nyunoya H., Broglie K.E., Widgren E.E., and Lusty C.J. Characterization and derivation of the gene coding for mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase I on rat. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 9346-9356
    • (1985) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.260 , pp. 9346-9356
    • Nyunoya, H.1    Broglie, K.E.2    Widgren, E.E.3    Lusty, C.J.4
  • 80
    • 0001364851 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism
    • Shuttleworth T.J. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Perlman D.F., and Goldstein L. Nitrogen metabolism. In: Shuttleworth T.J. (Ed). Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes (1988), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 253-276
    • (1988) Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes , pp. 253-276
    • Perlman, D.F.1    Goldstein, L.2
  • 81
    • 0031670360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of arginine vasotocin and catecholamines of nitrogen excretion and the cardio-respiratory physiology of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta
    • Perry S.F., Gilmour K.M., Wood C.M., Pärt P., Laurent P., and Walsh P.J. The effects of arginine vasotocin and catecholamines of nitrogen excretion and the cardio-respiratory physiology of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. J. Comp. Physiol. B 168 (1998) 461-472
    • (1998) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.168 , pp. 461-472
    • Perry, S.F.1    Gilmour, K.M.2    Wood, C.M.3    Pärt, P.4    Laurent, P.5    Walsh, P.J.6
  • 82
    • 0015993612 scopus 로고
    • Citrulline synthesis in rat tissues and liver content of carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine
    • Raijman L. Citrulline synthesis in rat tissues and liver content of carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine. Biochem. J. 138 (1974) 225-232
    • (1974) Biochem. J. , vol.138 , pp. 225-232
    • Raijman, L.1
  • 83
    • 0001205710 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and urea excretion in three species of air-breathing fish subjected to aerial exposure
    • Ramaswamy M., and Reddy T.G. Ammonia and urea excretion in three species of air-breathing fish subjected to aerial exposure. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) 92 (1983) 293-297
    • (1983) Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) , vol.92 , pp. 293-297
    • Ramaswamy, M.1    Reddy, T.G.2
  • 84
    • 0001180032 scopus 로고
    • The interaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion and water pH in fish
    • Randall D.J., and Wright P.A. The interaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion and water pH in fish. Can. J. Zool. 67 (1989) 2936-2942
    • (1989) Can. J. Zool. , vol.67 , pp. 2936-2942
    • Randall, D.J.1    Wright, P.A.2
  • 86
    • 0001960818 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary significance of metabolic detoxification of ammonia to urea in an ammoniotelic freshwater teleost, Heteropneuses fossilis during temporary water deprivation
    • Ratha B.K., Saha N., Rana R.K., and Choudhury B. Evolutionary significance of metabolic detoxification of ammonia to urea in an ammoniotelic freshwater teleost, Heteropneuses fossilis during temporary water deprivation. Evol. Biol. 8/9 (1995) 107-117
    • (1995) Evol. Biol. , vol.8-9 , pp. 107-117
    • Ratha, B.K.1    Saha, N.2    Rana, R.K.3    Choudhury, B.4
  • 87
    • 0015560368 scopus 로고
    • Enzymes of arginine and urea synthesis
    • Ratner S. Enzymes of arginine and urea synthesis. Adv. Enzymol. 39 (1973) 1-90
    • (1973) Adv. Enzymol. , vol.39 , pp. 1-90
    • Ratner, S.1
  • 88
    • 0000411682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of ureogenesis in the perfused liver of an Indian air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus, infused with different concentrations of ammonium chloride
    • Saha N., and Das L. Stimulation of ureogenesis in the perfused liver of an Indian air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus, infused with different concentrations of ammonium chloride. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 21 (1999) 303-311
    • (1999) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.21 , pp. 303-311
    • Saha, N.1    Das, L.2
  • 89
    • 0010257277 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ammonia stress on ureogenesis in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis
    • Kon O.L., Chung M.C., Hwang P.L.H., Leong S., Loke K.H., Thiyagaraja P., and Wong P.T. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Effect of ammonia stress on ureogenesis in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. In: Kon O.L., Chung M.C., Hwang P.L.H., Leong S., Loke K.H., Thiyagaraja P., and Wong P.T. (Eds). Contemporary Themes in Biochemistry Vol. 6 (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 343-432
    • (1986) Contemporary Themes in Biochemistry , vol.6 , pp. 343-432
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 90
    • 84993924874 scopus 로고
    • Active ureogenesis in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Active ureogenesis in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. J. Exp. Zool. 241 (1987) 137-141
    • (1987) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.241 , pp. 137-141
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 91
    • 84989603743 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of ureogenesis in freshwater, air-breathing teleosts
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Comparative study of ureogenesis in freshwater, air-breathing teleosts. J. Exp. Zool. 252 (1989) 1-8
    • (1989) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.252 , pp. 1-8
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 92
    • 0000039273 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in excretion pattern of ammonia and urea in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during hyper-ammonia stress
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Alterations in excretion pattern of ammonia and urea in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during hyper-ammonia stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 28 (1990) 597-599
    • (1990) Indian J. Exp. Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 597-599
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 93
    • 0027935787 scopus 로고
    • Induction of ornithine-urea cycle in a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, exposed to high concentrations of ammonium chloride
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Induction of ornithine-urea cycle in a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, exposed to high concentrations of ammonium chloride. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 108B (1994) 315-325
    • (1994) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.108 B , pp. 315-325
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 94
    • 0032075145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ureogenesis in Indian air-breathing teleosts: adaptation to environmental constraints
    • Saha N., and Ratha B.K. Ureogenesis in Indian air-breathing teleosts: adaptation to environmental constraints. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 120 (1998) 195-208
    • (1998) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.120 , pp. 195-208
    • Saha, N.1    Ratha, B.K.2
  • 95
    • 0001200173 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation in renal and extra-renal excretion of ammonia-N and urea-N in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
    • Saha N., Chakravorty J., and Ratha B.K. Diurnal variation in renal and extra-renal excretion of ammonia-N and urea-N in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) 97 (1988) 529-537
    • (1988) Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.) , vol.97 , pp. 529-537
    • Saha, N.1    Chakravorty, J.2    Ratha, B.K.3
  • 96
    • 0029586443 scopus 로고
    • Induction of ureogenesis in perfused liver of a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, infused with different concentrations of ammonium chloride
    • Saha N., Dkhar J., and Ratha B.K. Induction of ureogenesis in perfused liver of a freshwater teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, infused with different concentrations of ammonium chloride. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 112B (1995) 733-741
    • (1995) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.112 B , pp. 733-741
    • Saha, N.1    Dkhar, J.2    Ratha, B.K.3
  • 97
    • 0030933463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamyl phosphate synthetases in an air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis
    • Saha N., Dkhar J., Anderson P.M., and Ratha B.K. Carbamyl phosphate synthetases in an air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 116B (1997) 57-63
    • (1997) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.116 B , pp. 57-63
    • Saha, N.1    Dkhar, J.2    Anderson, P.M.3    Ratha, B.K.4
  • 98
    • 0033081794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Types of carbamyl phosphate synthetases and subcellular localization of urea cycle and related enzymes in air-breathing walking catfish, Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: a strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress
    • Saha N., Das L., and Dutta S. Types of carbamyl phosphate synthetases and subcellular localization of urea cycle and related enzymes in air-breathing walking catfish, Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: a strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress. J. Exp. Zool. 283 (1999) 121-130
    • (1999) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.283 , pp. 121-130
    • Saha, N.1    Das, L.2    Dutta, S.3
  • 99
    • 0033977652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in free amino acid synthesis in the perfused liver of an air-breathing walking catfish, Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: a strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress
    • Saha N., Dutta S., and Háussinger D. Changes in free amino acid synthesis in the perfused liver of an air-breathing walking catfish, Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: a strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress. J. Exp. Zool. 286 (2000) 13-23
    • (2000) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.286 , pp. 13-23
    • Saha, N.1    Dutta, S.2    Háussinger, D.3
  • 100
    • 0022426171 scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias
    • Shankar R.A., and Anderson P.M. Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 239 (1985) 248-259
    • (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.239 , pp. 248-259
    • Shankar, R.A.1    Anderson, P.M.2
  • 101
    • 0025367324 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS). cDNA sequences and evolution of the CPS domain of the Syrian hamster multifunctional protein CAD
    • Simmer J.P., Kelly R.E., Rinker A.G., Scully J.L., and Evans D.R. Mammalian carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS). cDNA sequences and evolution of the CPS domain of the Syrian hamster multifunctional protein CAD. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 10395-10402
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 10395-10402
    • Simmer, J.P.1    Kelly, R.E.2    Rinker, A.G.3    Scully, J.L.4    Evans, D.R.5
  • 102
    • 0024670716 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of urea cycle enzyme genes
    • Takiguchi M., Matsubasa T., Amaya Y., and Mori M. Evolutionary aspects of urea cycle enzyme genes. Bioessays 10 (1989) 163-166
    • (1989) Bioessays , vol.10 , pp. 163-166
    • Takiguchi, M.1    Matsubasa, T.2    Amaya, Y.3    Mori, M.4
  • 103
    • 0033854195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of basic properties of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III during teleost ontogeny: a case study in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)
    • Terjesen B.F., Ronnestad I., Norberg B., and Anderson P.M. Detection of basic properties of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III during teleost ontogeny: a case study in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 126B (2000) 521-535
    • (2000) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.126 B , pp. 521-535
    • Terjesen, B.F.1    Ronnestad, I.2    Norberg, B.3    Anderson, P.M.4
  • 104
    • 0033596743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: closure of the B-domain as a result of nucleotide binding
    • Thoden J.B., Wesenberg G., Raushel F.M., and Holden H.M. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: closure of the B-domain as a result of nucleotide binding. Biochemistry 38 (1997) 2347-2357
    • (1997) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 2347-2357
    • Thoden, J.B.1    Wesenberg, G.2    Raushel, F.M.3    Holden, H.M.4
  • 105
    • 0014963102 scopus 로고
    • Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in a land snail, Strophocheilus oblongus
    • Trammel P.R., and Campbell J.W. Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in a land snail, Strophocheilus oblongus. J. Biol. Chem. 245 (1970) 6634-6641
    • (1970) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.245 , pp. 6634-6641
    • Trammel, P.R.1    Campbell, J.W.2
  • 106
    • 0345192190 scopus 로고
    • Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in invertebrates
    • Trammel P.R., and Campbell J.W. Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in invertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 40B (1971) 395-406
    • (1971) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.40 B , pp. 395-406
    • Trammel, P.R.1    Campbell, J.W.2
  • 107
    • 0030476710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of hepatic glutamine synthetases from the ureotelic gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta
    • Walsh P.J. Purification and properties of hepatic glutamine synthetases from the ureotelic gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 115B (1996) 523-532
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.115 B , pp. 523-532
    • Walsh, P.J.1
  • 108
    • 0030939036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and regulation of ureogenesis and ureotely in (batrachoidid) fishes
    • Walsh P.J. Evolution and regulation of ureogenesis and ureotely in (batrachoidid) fishes. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 59 (1997) 299-323
    • (1997) Ann. Rev. Physiol. , vol.59 , pp. 299-323
    • Walsh, P.J.1
  • 109
    • 0028796854 scopus 로고
    • Effects of feeding on nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
    • Walsh P.J., and Milligan C.J. Effects of feeding on nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 1559-1566
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 1559-1566
    • Walsh, P.J.1    Milligan, C.J.2
  • 110
    • 0000121727 scopus 로고
    • Carbonic anhydrase supplies bicarbonate for urea synthesis in toadfish (Opsanus beta) hepatocytes
    • Walsh P.J., Parent J.J., and Henry R.P. Carbonic anhydrase supplies bicarbonate for urea synthesis in toadfish (Opsanus beta) hepatocytes. Physiol. Zool. 62 (1989) 1257-1272
    • (1989) Physiol. Zool. , vol.62 , pp. 1257-1272
    • Walsh, P.J.1    Parent, J.J.2    Henry, R.P.3
  • 111
    • 0025183797 scopus 로고
    • Variation in urea excretion in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
    • Walsh P.J., Danulat E., and Mommsen T.P. Variation in urea excretion in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). Mar. Biol. 106 (1990) 323-328
    • (1990) Mar. Biol. , vol.106 , pp. 323-328
    • Walsh, P.J.1    Danulat, E.2    Mommsen, T.P.3
  • 112
    • 0000789288 scopus 로고
    • Effects of confinement and crowding on ureogenesis in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta
    • Walsh P.J., Tucker B.C., and Hopkins T.E. Effects of confinement and crowding on ureogenesis in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. J. Exp. Biol. 191 (1994) 195-206
    • (1994) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.191 , pp. 195-206
    • Walsh, P.J.1    Tucker, B.C.2    Hopkins, T.E.3
  • 113
    • 0032718374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequencing of glutamine synthetase cDNA from liver of the ureotelic gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
    • Walsh P.J., Handel-Fernandez M.E., and Vincek V. Cloning and sequencing of glutamine synthetase cDNA from liver of the ureotelic gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 124 (1999) 251-259
    • (1999) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.124 , pp. 251-259
    • Walsh, P.J.1    Handel-Fernandez, M.E.2    Vincek, V.3
  • 114
    • 0033840097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High ammonia tolerance in fishes of the family batrachoididae (toadfish and midshipmen)
    • Wang X., and Walsh P.J. High ammonia tolerance in fishes of the family batrachoididae (toadfish and midshipmen). Aquat. Toxicol. 50 (2000) 205-221
    • (2000) Aquat. Toxicol. , vol.50 , pp. 205-221
    • Wang, X.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 115
    • 0017255033 scopus 로고
    • Some properties and occurrence of glutamine synthetase in fish
    • Webb J.T., and Brown G.W. Some properties and occurrence of glutamine synthetase in fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 54 (1976) 171-175
    • (1976) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.54 , pp. 171-175
    • Webb, J.T.1    Brown, G.W.2
  • 116
    • 0019327935 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase: an assimilatory role in liver as related to urea retention in marine chondrichthyes
    • Webb J.T., and Brown Jr. G.W. Glutamine synthetase: an assimilatory role in liver as related to urea retention in marine chondrichthyes. Science 208 (1980) 293-295
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 293-295
    • Webb, J.T.1    Brown Jr., G.W.2
  • 117
    • 0002332023 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogenous waste excretion, acid-base regulation, and ionoregulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to extremely alkaline water
    • Wilkie M.P., and Wood C.M. Nitrogenous waste excretion, acid-base regulation, and ionoregulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to extremely alkaline water. Physiol. Zool. 64 (1991) 1069-1086
    • (1991) Physiol. Zool. , vol.64 , pp. 1069-1086
    • Wilkie, M.P.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 118
    • 0029887190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptations of fish to extremely alkaline environments
    • Wilkie M.P., and Wood C.M. The adaptations of fish to extremely alkaline environments. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 113B (1996) 665-673
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.113 B , pp. 665-673
    • Wilkie, M.P.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 119
    • 0001654427 scopus 로고
    • The physiological responses of the Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), a resident of highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4), to challenge at pH 10
    • Wilkie M.P., Wright P.A., Iwama G.K., and Wood C.M. The physiological responses of the Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), a resident of highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4), to challenge at pH 10. J. Exp. Biol. 175 (1993) 173-194
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.175 , pp. 173-194
    • Wilkie, M.P.1    Wright, P.A.2    Iwama, G.K.3    Wood, C.M.4
  • 121
    • 0001273661 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and urea metabolism and excretion
    • Evans D.H. (Ed), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Wood C.M. Ammonia and urea metabolism and excretion. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). The Physiology of Fishes (1993), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 379-425
    • (1993) The Physiology of Fishes , pp. 379-425
    • Wood, C.M.1
  • 122
    • 0024333386 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and urea dynamics in the Lake Magadi tilapia: a teleost fish adapted to an extremely alkaline environment
    • Wood C.M., Perry S.F., Wright P.A., Bergman H.L., and Randall D.J. Ammonia and urea dynamics in the Lake Magadi tilapia: a teleost fish adapted to an extremely alkaline environment. Respir. Physiol. 77 (1989) 1-20
    • (1989) Respir. Physiol. , vol.77 , pp. 1-20
    • Wood, C.M.1    Perry, S.F.2    Wright, P.A.3    Bergman, H.L.4    Randall, D.J.5
  • 123
    • 0028112180 scopus 로고
    • Urea production, acid-base regulation and their interactions in the Lake Magadi tilapia, a unique teleost adapted to a highly alkaline environment
    • Wood C.M., Bergman H.L., Laurent P., Maina J.N., Narahara A., and Walsh P.J. Urea production, acid-base regulation and their interactions in the Lake Magadi tilapia, a unique teleost adapted to a highly alkaline environment. J. Exp. Biol. 189 (1994) 13-36
    • (1994) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.189 , pp. 13-36
    • Wood, C.M.1    Bergman, H.L.2    Laurent, P.3    Maina, J.N.4    Narahara, A.5    Walsh, P.J.6
  • 124
    • 0028878352 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and urea metabolism in relation to gill function and acid-base balance in a marine elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
    • Wood C.M., Pärt P., and Wright P.A. Ammonia and urea metabolism in relation to gill function and acid-base balance in a marine elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 1545-1558
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 1545-1558
    • Wood, C.M.1    Pärt, P.2    Wright, P.A.3
  • 125
    • 0000098388 scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile urea excretion in the ureagenic toadfish Opsanus beta: an analysis of rates and routes
    • Wood C.M., Hopkins T.E., Hogstrand C., and Walsh P.J. Pulsatile urea excretion in the ureagenic toadfish Opsanus beta: an analysis of rates and routes. J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 1729-1741
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 1729-1741
    • Wood, C.M.1    Hopkins, T.E.2    Hogstrand, C.3    Walsh, P.J.4
  • 126
    • 0030953885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile urea excretion in the toadfish (Opsanus beta) is due to a pulsatile excretion mechanism, not a pulsatile production mechanism
    • Wood C.M., Hopkins T.E., and Walsh P.J. Pulsatile urea excretion in the toadfish (Opsanus beta) is due to a pulsatile excretion mechanism, not a pulsatile production mechanism. J. Exp. Biol. 200 (1997) 1039-1046
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 1039-1046
    • Wood, C.M.1    Hopkins, T.E.2    Walsh, P.J.3
  • 127
    • 0032031796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile urea excretion in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta): evidence for activation of a specific facilitated diffusion transport system
    • Wood C.M., Gilmour K.M., Perry S.F., Pärt P., Laurent P., and Walsh P.J. Pulsatile urea excretion in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta): evidence for activation of a specific facilitated diffusion transport system. J. Exp. Biol. 201 (1998) 805-817
    • (1998) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.201 , pp. 805-817
    • Wood, C.M.1    Gilmour, K.M.2    Perry, S.F.3    Pärt, P.4    Laurent, P.5    Walsh, P.J.6
  • 128
    • 0027135092 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen excretion and enzyme pathways for ureagenesis in freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    • Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion and enzyme pathways for ureagenesis in freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Physiol. Zool. 66 (1993) 881-901
    • (1993) Physiol. Zool. , vol.66 , pp. 881-901
    • Wright, P.A.1
  • 129
    • 0029240513 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen excretion: three end products, many physiological roles
    • Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion: three end products, many physiological roles. J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 273-281
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 273-281
    • Wright, P.A.1
  • 130
    • 0021880587 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of branchial ammonia excretion in the freshwater rainbow trout: effects of environmental pH change and sodium uptake blockage
    • Wright P.A., and Wood C.M. An analysis of branchial ammonia excretion in the freshwater rainbow trout: effects of environmental pH change and sodium uptake blockage. J. Exp. Biol. 114 (1985) 329-353
    • (1985) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.114 , pp. 329-353
    • Wright, P.A.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 131
    • 0000033734 scopus 로고
    • Fish gill boundary layer: a site of linkage between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion
    • Wright P.A., Randall D.J., and Perry S.F. Fish gill boundary layer: a site of linkage between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion. J. Comp. Physiol. B 158 (1989) 627-635
    • (1989) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.158 , pp. 627-635
    • Wright, P.A.1    Randall, D.J.2    Perry, S.F.3
  • 132
    • 0000800486 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and urea excretion in Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) adapted to highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4)
    • Wright P.A., Iwana G.K., and Wood C.M. Ammonia and urea excretion in Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) adapted to highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4). J. Exp. Biol. 175 (1993) 153-172
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.175 , pp. 153-172
    • Wright, P.A.1    Iwana, G.K.2    Wood, C.M.3
  • 133
    • 0029141564 scopus 로고
    • Induction of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes and nitrogen metabolism and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during early life stages
    • Wright P.A., Felskie A.K., and Anderson P.M. Induction of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes and nitrogen metabolism and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during early life stages. J. Exp. Biol. 198 (1995) 127-135
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 127-135
    • Wright, P.A.1    Felskie, A.K.2    Anderson, P.M.3
  • 134
    • 0000815178 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of water hardness on survival, acid-base regulation, ion regulation and ammonia excretion in rainbow trout in highly alkaline water
    • Yesaki T.Y., and Iwama G.K. Some effects of water hardness on survival, acid-base regulation, ion regulation and ammonia excretion in rainbow trout in highly alkaline water. Physiol. Zool. 65 (1992) 763-787
    • (1992) Physiol. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 763-787
    • Yesaki, T.Y.1    Iwama, G.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.