Religion, demography, and politics in Lebanon

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 909-921

  Faour, Muhammad A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOGRAPHY; POLITICS; POPULATION ESTIMATION; RELIGION;

ASIA; EURASIA; LEBANON; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 35548996740     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: 17437881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263200701568279     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. A.H. Hourani, A Vision of History (Beirut: Khayyat Press, 1961), p.72.
2. M.C. Hudson, The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985), p.21.
3. Ibid., p.6.
4. Computed from S. Himadeh, Economic Organization of Lebanon and Syria (Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1936), pp.408-9.
5. Official statistics for 1943 were computed from A.H. Hourani, Syria and Lebanon: A Political Essay (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), p.121. For sources of the comparative data, see Table 1.
6. See for example, C.C. Held, Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 4th edition, 2006), p.292
7. M. Faour, 'The Demography of Lebanon: A Reappraisal', Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.27 (1991), pp.631-41
8. K. Khalifa, 'Al-maseehiyoun Al'arab wa Azmat Alwujoud bayna Alwatan Walmahjar', http://www.BBCArabic.com (retrieved 4 November 2006).
9. J. Chamie, Religion and Fertility: Arab Christian-Muslim Differentials (London: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
10. Ibid., pp.77-8.
11. Ibid., p.85.
12. Ibid., p.85. Chamie based his assumption on migration patterns of Muslims and Christians on the following studies: E. Safa, L'Emigration Libanaise (Beirut: Saint Joseph University, 1960)
13. F. Khuri, From Village to Suburb: Order and Change in Greater Beirut (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975).
14. A. Soffer, 'Lebanon: Where Demography is the Core of Politics and Life', Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.22 (1986), pp.197-205.
15. Faour, pp.631-41.
16. Ibid., p.637.
17. In an interview with BBC, Patriarch Mar Antonius Butros Sfair considered the turbulent political situation in the Arab countries as the main cause of emigration of Christians, adding: 'Some Christians feel marginalized with no wish for their presence.' For more details, see K. Khalifa, 'Almaseehiyoun Al'arab wa Azmat Alwujoud bayna Alwatan Walmahjar', http://www.BBCArabic.com (retrieved 4 November 2006).
18. Soffer, p.20.
19. Faour, p.633.
20. See Chamie; Safa; Khuri.
21. Soffer, p.20.
22. Khalifa
23. G. Saoud, 'Alhijra al-Katheefa khilalal 'Udwan', Al-Akhbar Lebanese daily, http://www.alakhbar. com (retrieved 19 September 2006).
24. For statistics on infant mortality and child mortality rates by muhafaza, see Lebanese Ministry of Public Health and the League of Arab States, Al-Mash Allubnani Lisihhat Alum Watti.: Attaqreer Alraisi (Beirut: Ministry of Public Health, 1996), Table 3/5. For statistics on life expectancy at birth by muhafaza
25. see M. Faour, P.C. Saxena, H. Naufal and A. Farah, 'Demographic Estimates and Projections', in R. Tabbarah and M. Dib (eds.), The Population of Lebanon, Analytical Studies of Population and Housing Survey series (Beirut: Ministry of Social Affairs and UNFPA, 2000), Table 7.
26. Chamie, particularly pp.85-6.
27. Faour et al., pp.14-17
28. Lebanese Republic, Central Administration of Statistics, 'Addirasa Alwataniyya lilahwal al-ma'ishiya lil 'usar lil'am 2004 (Beirut: Central Administration of Statistics, July 2005), Tables 23 and 24, http://www.cas.gov.lb/Newsrep (retrieved 20 October 2006).
29. J.R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues (New York: Wadsworth, 7th edition, 1999), p.186, defines total fertility rate as 'an estimate of the average number of children born to each woman, assuming that current birth rates remain constant'. It is a current measure of fertility computed from age specific birth rates in a particular year; in this case the year is 1996.
30. Lebanese Ministry of Public Health and the League of Arab States, Al-Mash Allubnani Lisihhat Alum Watti.: Attaqreer Alraisi (Beirut: Ministry of Public Health, 1996), pp.175-7.
31. Ibid., Table 12/6 indicates that in 1996, women in North Lebanon who belonged to the age group 40-44 years had the highest cumulative fertility in Lebanon, which was substantially higher than the corresponding rate in the South and Beqaa: 5.7 births per woman as compared to 4.6 and 4.9 respectively.
32. For example, Shiites predominate in South Lebanon, Sunnis in North Lebanon, and Maronites in Mount Lebanon.
33. This proposal was made by a special ad hoc committee appointed by the cabinet to design a new electoral law.
34. Le Jour, Lebanese Daily (Beirut, 28 November 1941), as cited in translation from French by Hudson, p.47.