Characteristics of the female athlete triad in collegiate cross-country runners

Journal of American College Health

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 129-136

  Thompson, Sharon H ^a  

^a Wall College of Business   (United States)

Author keywords

Body image; Eating disorders; Female athletes; Menstrual dysfunction

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMENORRHEA; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CALCIUM INTAKE; EATING DISORDER; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; METABOLISM; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT; SPORT; STUDENT; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITY; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMENORRHEA; BODY MASS INDEX; CALCIUM, DIETARY; EATING DISORDERS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD SYNDROME; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVALENCE; SELF CONCEPT; STUDENTS; TRACK AND FIELD; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITIES; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 35548986656     PISSN: 07448481     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/JACH.56.2.129-136     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Warren MP, Shantha S. The female athlete. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;14:37-53.
2. Otis CL. Too slim, amenorrhea, fracture-prone: the female athlete triad. ACSM Health Fitness J. 1998;2:20-25.
3. Yeager KK, Agostini R, Nattiv A, Drinkwater B. The female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:775-777.
4. Thrash LE, Anderson JJB. The female athlete triad: nutrition, menstrual disturbances, and low bone mass. Nutr Today. 2000;35:168-174.
5. American College of Sports Medicine. The female athlete triad: position stand. Med Ssi Sports Exerc. 1997;29:i-ix.
6. Henriksson BG, Schnell C, Hirschberg AL. Women endurance runners with menstrual dysfunction have prolonged interruption of training due to injury. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2000;49:41-46.
7. Wolman RL, Clark P, McNally E, Harries M, Reeve J. Menstrual state and exercise as determinants of spinal trabecular bone density in female athletes. Br Med J. 1990;301:516-518.
8. Fruth SJ, Worrell TW. Factors associated with menstrual irregularities and decreased bone mineral density in female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;22:26-38.
9. Nattiv A, Agostini R, Drinkwater B, Yeager KK. The female athlete triad: the inter-relatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Clin Sports Med. 1994; 13:405-418.
10. Hirschberg AL, Hagenfeldt K. Athletic amenorrhea and its consequences. Hard physical training at an early age can cause serious bone damage [abstract]. Lakartidningen. 1998;95:5765-5770.
11. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
12. Snow-Harter CM. Bone health and prevention of osteoporosis in active and athletic women. Clin Sports Med. 1994;13:389404.
13. Macleod AD. Sport psychiatry. Aust NZJ Psychiatry. 1998;32:860-866.
14. Beals KA. Subclinical eating disorders in female athletes. J Phys Educ Recreation Dance. 2000;71:23-29.
15. American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2001;101:810. Retrieved October 31, 2001, from InfoTrac OneFile database.
16. Schwitzer AM, Rodriguez LE, Thomas C, Salimi L. The eating disorders NOS diagnostic profile among college women. J Am Coll Health. 2001 ;49:157. Retrieved October 31, 2001, from InfoTrac OneFile database.
17. Beals KA, Manore MM. Subclinical eating disorders in physically active women. Top Clin Nutr. 1999;14:14-29.
18. Baker D, Roberts R, Towell T. Factors predictive of bone mineral density in eating-disordered women: a longitudinal study. Int J Eat Disord. 2000;27:29-35.
19. Lane JM. Osteoporosis: medical prevention and treatment. Spine. 1997;22:32S-37S.
20. Gordon CM. Bone density issues in the adolescent gynecology patient. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2000;13:157-161.
21. Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Science. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
22. National Collegiate Athletic Association. Sports Science Newsletter [online]. The female athlete triad. The NCAA News. April 20, 1998. Retrieved July 25, 2007, from Sport Discus.
23. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon Ggeneral's Report on Nutrition and Health. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1988. DHHS (PHS) Publication No. 88-50210
24. Thomas K, Ricciardelli LA, Williams RJ. Gender traits and self-concept: indicators of problem eating and body dissatisfaction among children. Sex Roles. 2000;43:441-458. Retrieved October 31, 2001, from InfoTrac OneFile database.
25. Thompson SH, Sargent RG, Case A. Factors influencing performance-related injuries among group exercise instructors. Women Sport Phys Act J. 2001;10:125-142.
26. Yates A, Edman JD, Crago M, Crowell D, Zimmerman R. Measurement of exercise orientation in normal subjects: Gender and age differences. Pers Individ Dif. 1999;27:199-209.
27. Hertzler AA, Frary RB. A dietary calcium rapid assessment method (RAM). Top Clin Nutr. 1994;9:76-85.
28. National Institutes of Health. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. Washington, DC: NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Task Force Members; 1998.
29. American Academy of Pediatrics. Medical concerns in the female athlete. Pediatrics. 2000;106:610-613.
30. Deering S. Eating disorders: recognition, evaluation, and implications for obstetrician/gynecologists. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 2001;8:31-35.
31. National Collegiate Athletic Association. Sports Science Newsletter [online]. Women and nutrition. The NCAA News. April 12, 1999. Retrieved July 25, 2007, from Sport Discus.
32. Ressler A. "A body to die for": eating disorders and body-image distortion in women. Int J Fertil. 1998;43:133-138.
33. Puffer JC. Athletic amenorrhea and its influence on skeletal integrity. Bull Rheum Dis. 1994;43:5-6.
34. Peterson BA, Klesges RC, Kaufman EM, Cooper TV, Vukadinovich CM. The effects of an educational intervention on calcium intake and bone mineral content in young women with low calcium intake. Am J Health Promot. 2000;14:149-156.
35. Rourke K, Bowering J, Turkki P, Buckenmeyer P, Keller B, Sforzo G. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density in female athletes. Nutr Res. 1998;18:775-783.
36. Johnson C, Powers PS, Dick R. Athletes and eating disorders: The National Collegiate Association Study. Int J Eat Disord. 1999;26:179-188.
37. Krane V, Waldron J, Stiles-Shipley JA, Michalenok J. Relationships among body satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and eating behaviors in female athletes and exercisers. J Sport Behav. 2001;24:247. Retrieved October 23, 2001, from InfoTrac OneFile database.
38. Mansfield MJ, Emans SJ. Anorexia nervosa, athletics, and amenorrhea. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989;36:533-549.