Predicting CD4 lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm3 in an HIV type 1-infected African population

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1230-1236

  Morpeth, Susan C ^a,b   Crump, John A ^a,b,c   Shao, Humphrey J ^b   Ramadhani, Habib O ^b   Kisenge, Peter R ^b   Moylan, Cindy A ^a   Naggie, Susanna ^a   Caram, L Brett ^a   Landman, Keren Z ^a,b   Sam, Noel E ^b,c   Itemba, Dafrosa K ^d   Shao, John F ^b,c   Bartlett, John A ^a   Thielman, Nathan M ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE   (Tanzania)

^c KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (Tanzania)

^d Kikundi Cha Wanawake Kilimanjaro Kupambana Na UKIMWI ^*  (Tanzania)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICA; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL COUNT; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN MANIFESTATION; STAGING; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADULT; AFRICA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; ROC CURVE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN DISEASES; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 35548954300     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0053     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. UNAIDS/WHO: AIDS epidemic update: Special report on HIV/AIDS: December 2006; http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/epi2006/. Accessed December 18, 2006.
2. Egger M, May M, Chene G, et al.: Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: A collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360(9327):119-129.
3. Hammer SM, Squires KE, Hughes MD, et al.: A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team. N Engl J Med 1997;337(11):725-733.
4. Hammer SM, Saag MS, Schechter M, et al.: Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2006;296(7):827-843.
5. Gazzard B: British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy (2005). HIV Med 2005;6(Suppl 2):1-61.
6. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents, October 10, 2006. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/ AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2007.
7. Farmer P, Leandre F, Mukherjee JS, et al.: Community-based approaches to HIV treatment in resource-poor settings. Lancet 2001;358(9279):404-409.
8. World Health Organization: Scaling-up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Treatment guidelines for a public health approach. 2003 revision. http://www.who.int/3by5/publications/documents/arv_guidelines/en/ . Accessed August 18, 2006.
9. World Health Organization: WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/ hivstaging/150307.pdf. Accessed December 18, 2006.
10. Lifson AR, Allen S, Wolf W, et al.: Classification of HIV infection and disease in women from Rwanda. Evaluation of the World Health Organization HIV staging system and recommended modifications. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(4):262-270.
11. Badri M and Wood R: Usefulness of total lymphocyte count in monitoring highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. AIDS 2003;17(4):541-545.
12. Interim proposal for a WHO Staging System for HIV infection and Disease. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1990;65(29):221-224.
13. Morgan D, Rutebemberwa A, Malamba S, et al.: HIV-1 RNA levels in an African population-based cohort and their relation to CD4 lymphocyte counts and World Health Organization clinical staging. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999;22(2):167-173.
14. Varma JK, Katsitadze G, Moiscrafishvili M, et al.: Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism - Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(3):357-362.
15. Antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and adolescents in resource-limited settings. Recommendations for a public health approach (2005-2006 revision). Brief Meeting Report. Available at http://www.who.int/3by5/ARVmeetingreport_June2005.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2006.
16. Kumarasamy N, Mahajan AP, Flanigan TP, et al.: Total lymphocyte count (TLC) is a useful tool for the timing of opportunistic infection prophylaxis in India and other resource-constrained countries. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;31(4):378-383.
17. Beck EJ, Kupek EJ, Gompels MM, and Pinching AJ: Correlation between total and CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV infection: Not making the good an enemy of the not so perfect. Int J STD AIDS 1996;7(6):422-428.
18. Akinola NO, Olasode O, Adediran IA, et al.: The search for a predictor of CD4 cell count continues: Total lymphocyte count is not a substitute for CD4 cell count in the management of HIV-infected individuals in a resource-limited setting. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(4):579-581.
19. Hosp M, Lisse IM, Quigley M, et al.: An evaluation of low-cost progression markers in HIV-1 seropositive Zambians. HIV Med 2000;1(2):125-127.
20. Mahajan AP, Hogan JW, Snyder B, et al.: Changes in total lymphocyte count as a surrogate for changes in CD4 count following initiation of HAART: Implications for monitoring in resource-limited settings. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;36(1):567-575.
21. Florence E, Dreezen C, Schrooten W, et al.: The role of non-viral load surrogate markers in HIV-positive patient monitoring during antiviral treatment. Int J STD AIDS 2004;15(8):538-542.
22. Lau B, Gange SJ, Phair JP, Riddler SA, Detels R, and Margolick JB: Use of total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration for monitoring progression of HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39(5):620-625.
23. Lau B, Sharrett AR, Kingsley LA, et al.: C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Arch Intern Med 2006;166(1):64-70.
24. Venkatesh PA, Bosch RJ, McIntosh K, Mugusi F, Msamanga G, and Fawzi WW: Predictors of incident tuberculosis among HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005;9(10):1105-1111.
25. Castetbon K, Anglaret X, Toure S, et al.: Prognostic value of cross-sectional anthropometric indices on short-term risk of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154(1):75-84.
26. Ferradini L, Jeannin A, Pinoges L, et al.: Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: An effectiveness assessment. Lancet 2006;367(9519):1335-1342.
27. Holmberg SD, Palella FJ Jr, Lichtenstein KA, and Havlir DV: The case for earlier treatment of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(11):1699-1704.
28. Mauskopf J, Kitahata M, Kauf T, Richter A, and Tolson J: HIV antiretroviral treatment: Early versus later. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39(5):562-569.
29. Sterling TR, Chaisson RE, Keruly J, and Moore RD: Improved outcomes with earlier initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who achieve durable virologic suppression: Longer follow-up of an observational cohort study. J Infect Dis 2003;188(11):1659-1665.
30. Chu HY, Crump JA, Ostermann J, et al.: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of clients presenting for HIV voluntary counselling and testing in Moshi, Tanzania. Int J STD AIDS 2005;16(10):691-696.
31. Altman DG and Bland JM: Diagnostic tests 2: Predictive values. BMJ 1994;309(6947):102.