They're just as sadistic as any group of boys! A content analysis of news coverage of sport-related hazing incidents in high schools

Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 197-219

  Finley, Laura L ^a   Finley, Peter S ^b  

^a FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Emphasized femininity; Hazing; Hegemonic masculinity; High school sports

Indexed keywords

EID: 35448972495     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10708286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Altheide, D. (1996). Qualitative Media Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Allan, E. (2004). Hazing and gender: Analyzing the obvious. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The Hazing Reader (pp. 275-294). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
3. Allan, E., & DeAngelis, G. (2004). Hazing, masculinity, and collision sports: (Un)becoming heroes. In Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.). Making The Team (pp. 61-82). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
4. Arnold, J. (2004). Hazing and alcohol in a college fraternity. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The Hazing Reader (pp. 51-105). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
5. Benedict, H. (1992). Virgin or vamp: How the press covers sex crimes. New York: Oxford.
6. Benedict, J. (1997). Public heroes, private felons: Athletes and crimes against women. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
7. Benedict, J. (1998a). Athletes and acquaintance rape. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8. Benedict, J. (1998b). Pros and cons: The criminals who play in the NFL. New York: Warner.
9. Benedict, J., & Klein, A. (1998). Arrest and conviction rates for athletes accused of sexual assault. In Berger, R. (Ed.). Issues in intimate violence (pp. 169-75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Bergstrom, B. (2003, October 7). Prosecutor seeks to try youths in football hazing as adults. The Associated Press State & Local Wire.
11. Boutilier, M., & San Giovanni, L. (1983). The sporting woman. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
12. Brackenridge, C. (2002). Men loving men hating women: The crisis of masculinity and violence to women in sport. In Scraton, S. & Flintoff, A. (Eds.). Gender and sport: A reader (Pp.255-68). London: Routledge.
13. Cavender, G., Bond-Maupin, L., & Jurik, N. (1999). The construction of gender in reality crime tv. Gender and Society, 13(5), 643-663.
14. Chesney-Lind, M. (1999). Media misogyny: Demonizing "violent" girls and women In Ferrell, J., & Websdale, N. (Eds.). Making trouble: Cultural constructions of crime, deviance, and control (Pp. 115-40). Hawthorne, NY: Aldine De Gruyter.
15. Coakley, J. (2003). Sports in society (Eighth ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
16. Connell, R. (1987). Gender and power. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
17. Cuklanz, L. (2000). Rape on prime time. Phildelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
18. Devlin, F. (2003, September 9). Rough, tough cream puffs? Girls are bullies, too, these days and that aggression can go too far. Morning Call, p. El.
19. Duncan, M., & Messner, M. (1998). The media image of sport and gender. In Wenner, L. (Ed.). MediaSport (pp. 170-185). London: Routledge.
20. Eastman, S., & Billings, A. (2000). Sportscasting and sports reporting: The power of gender bias. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24, 192-214.
21. Edelman, S. (2003, November 16). Parents to plot action. The New York Post, p. Oil.
22. Eltman, F. (2003a, October 25). Families say they will sue over alleged hazing. The Associated Press State & Local Wire.
23. Eltman, F. (2003b, October 4). Long Island high school rocked by lurid football hazing scandal. The Associated Press State & Local Wire.
24. Eltman, F. (2004). Sex-assault scandal hits community hard. Rocky Mountain News.
25. Farr, K. (1988). Dominance bonding through the good old boys' sociability group. Sex Roles, 18, 239-53
26. Finkel, M. (2004). Traumatic injuries caused by hazing. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The hazing reader (pp. 171-83). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
27. Fuller, J.R. (2003, July 16). Teen guilty of taking two kegs to hazing. The Chicago Sun-Times, p.6.
28. "Girl power" fuels bullying, study says. (1998, March 30). Christian Science Monitor, 90 (85).
29. Girl Troubles: Have girls gone bad? (2003, September 5). Current Events, 103(1), pp. 1-3.
30. Givens, A. (2003, September 14). Alleged hazing baffles; Mepham incident mystifies residents. Newsday, p. A04.
31. Golab, A. (2003, November 14). Mom admits allowing Glenbrook drinking. The Chicago Sun-Times, p. 26.
32. Greeley, A. (2003, May 30). Hazing guilty getting off light. Chicago Sun-Times, p. 41.
33. Hard on hazing: This wasn't "girls just want to have fun." (2003, May 30). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. A16.
34. Holman, M. (2004). A search for a theoretical understanding of hazing practices. In Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.). Making the team (pp. 50-60). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
35. Holtzman, L. (2000). Media messages. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
36. Home, J., Tomlinson, A., & Whannel. G. (1999). Understanding sport: An introduction to the sociological and cultural analysis of sport. London: Routledge.
37. Hutchinson, B. (2003, October 7). Prosecutors move to try football players as adults in hazing incident. Daily News.
38. Hymowitz, K. S. (2003). Soundings: "Lord of the Flies 2003." 13(3), p. 11-12.
39. Janson, S., & Sabo, D. (1994). The sport/war metaphor: Hegemonic masculinity, the Persian Gulf War, and the new world order. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 1-17
40. Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.) (2004). Making the team. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
41. Jones, R. (2004). Examining violence in Black fraternity pledging. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The hazing reader (pp. 110-129). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
42. Jones, R., Morrell, A., & Jackson, J. (1999). Pretty versus powerful in the sports pages: Print media coverage of the U.S. Women's Olympic gold medal winning teams. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 23(2), 183-92.
43. Kane, M., & Lenskyj, H. (1998). Women in the sport media: Issues of gender and sexualities. In Wenner, L (Ed.). MediaSport: Cultural sensibilities and sport in the media age (pp 186-201). London: Routledge.
44. Kappeler, V., Blumberg, M., & Potter, G. (2000). The mythology of crime and criminal Justice. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
45. Katz, J. (1996). Masculinity and sports culture. In Lapchick, R.E. (Ed.). Sport in society: Equal opportunity or business as usual?(pp. 101-106). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46. Kelly, K. (2003, May 26). Parents in a haze? U.S. News and World Report, p. 44.
47. Kimmel, M. (2000). The gendered society. NY: Oxford University Press.
48. Knight, J., & Guiliano, T.A. (2003). Blood, sweat, and jeers: The impact of the media's heterosexist portrayals on perceptions of male and female athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior,26(3), 272-85.
49. Landis, J. (Director). (1978). Animal house [Motion picture]. United States: Universal Studios.
50. Lenskyj, H. (2003). Out on the field. Toronto, Canada: All Women's Press.
51. Lenskyj, H. (2004). What's sex got to do with it? Analyzing the sex + violence agenda in sport hazing practices. In Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.). Making the team (pp. 8396). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
52. Linklater, R. (Director). (1993). Dazed and confused [Motion picture]. United States: Universal Studios.
53. Madriz, E. (1997). Nothing bad happens to good girls: Fear of crime in women's lives. Berkeley,CA: University of California Press.
54. Malszecki, G. (2004). 'No mercy shown nor asked"-Toughness test or torture?: Hazing in military combat units and its 'collateral damage.' In Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.). Making the team (pp. 32-49). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
55. McG (Director). (2000). Charlie's angels [Motion picture]. United States: Sony Pictures.
56. Media, (n.d.). Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved June 26, 2006 from www.knightcommission.org/media/item/
57. Merriam, S. (1998) Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
58. Messerschmidt, J. W. (1993). Masculinities and crime. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.
59. Messner, M (1992). Power and play: Sports and the problem of masculinity. Boston, MA: Beacon.
60. Messner, M. (2002). Taking the field: Women, men and sports. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
61. Messner, M., Dunbar, M., & Hunt, D. (2000). The televised sports manhood formula. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24(4), 380-94.
62. Messner, M., & Sabo, D. (Eds.) (1994). Sex, violence, and power in sports: Rethinking masculinity. Freedom, CA: Crossing.
63. Mitchell, M. (2003, May 22). Glenbrook North justice beats what Decatur kids got. Chicago Sun-Times, p. 14.
64. Nixon, H. L. (1997). Gender, sport and aggressive behavior outside sport. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21(4), 379-91.
65. Nuwer, H. (1990). Broken pledges. Atlanta, GA: Longstreet.
66. Nuwer, H. (2000). High school hazing: When rites become wrongs. New York: Franklin Watts.
67. Nuwer, H. (2004a). How sportswriters contribute to a hazing culture in athletics. Johnson, J., & Holman, M. (Eds.). Making the team (pp. 118-131). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc.
68. Nuwer, H. (2004b). Introduction: Exterminating the frat rats. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The Hazing Reader (pp. xiii-xiv). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
69. Nuwer, H. (n.d.). Why NCAA faculty reps should loudly ban hazing: A friendly Nudge. Stophazing.org. Retrieved June 26, 2006 from www.stophazing.org/nuwer/ncaareps.html.
70. Oliff, H. (April, 2002). Lifting the haze around hazing. Education Digest, 67(8), 21-28.
71. One brave witness could have stopped hazing. (2003, September 26). Newsday, p. A40.
72. O' Reilly, B. (2003, September 25). "Personal Story" segment: Hazing incident. The O'Reilly Factor.
73. Paulson, A., Gardner, M., & Paul, N. (2003, May 9). Hazing case highlights girl violence. Christian Science Monitor, 95(115).
74. Police: Threatening letters sent to parents. (2003, October 11). The Associated Press State & Local Wire.
75. Prohibit powderpuff. (2003, May 23). The Stanford Daily [online version]. Retrieved November 20, 2006 from www.Stanford.edu/article/2003/5/23/ prohibitpowderpuff.
76. Pronger, B. (1990). The arena of masculinity. New York: St. Martin's Press.
77. Rafter, N.H., & Stanko. E.A. (Eds.) (1982). Judge, lawyer, victim, thief: Women, gender roles, and criminal justice. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
78. Robinson, L. (1998). Crossing the line: Violence and sexual assault in Canada's national sport. Toronto, CA: McClelland and Stewart.
79. Rothfield, M., Schuster, K., & Reddy, S. (2003, November 23). Paper ID's hazing teens. Newsday, p. A16.
80. Russo, D. P. (2003, May 24). Worst part of teens' brutality? The adults who cheered. The Morning Call, p. A29.
81. Schmalleger, F. (2002). Criminology today, third edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
82. Schuster, K. (2003, September 19). Rally in protest; Walk out of classes over cancellation; 3 are suspended. Newsday, p. A03.
83. Schuster, K., Lam, C., & Morris, K. (2003, September 27). Break the silence: Judge appeals to witnesses at Mepham, and other schools. Newsday, p. A03.
84. Schuster, K., & Rhone, N. (2003, October 2). Emotions run high at meeting. Newsday, p. A04.
85. Segrave, J. O. (1997). A matter of life and death: Some thoughts on the language of sport. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21(2), 211-20.
86. Smith, Z. N. (2003, June 8). Not too late to celebrate hazing. The Chicago Sun-Times, p. 24.
87. Sperber, M. (2000). Beer and circus: How big-time college sports is crippling undergraduate education. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
88. Steiny, J. (2003, August 17). Wrong message for kids. Providence Journal-Bulletin, p. H01.
89. Surette, R. (1992). Media, crime, and criminal justice. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
90. Sweet, S. (2004). Understanding fraternity hazing. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The hazing reader (pp. 1-13). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
91. Taylor, L.G. (2003, July 6). Girls get destructive messages about anger. Pittsburgh PostGazette, p. W-3.
92. Tiger, L. (2004). Males courting males. In Nuwer, H. (Ed.). The Hazing Reader (pp. 14-18). Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.
93. Tucker, L. W., & Parks, J. B. (2001). Effects of gender and sport type on intercollegiate athletes' perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive behaviors in sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 18, 403-413.
94. Wahl, G., & Wertheim, L. (2003, December 22). A rite gone terribly wrong. Sports Illustrated.
95. Wald, J. (2003, November 6). Football coaches fired in alleged hazing aftermath. CNN.com.
96. Walsh, M. (2000, September 6). Hazing is widespread, student survey shows. Education Week, 20(1), 14-19).
97. Weir, R. (2003a, October 28). Anti-gay protestors meet strong resistance at New York high school. Daily News.
98. Weir, R. (2003b, October 28). Hate from the heartland. Daily News, p. 9.
99. Wolff, R. (2003, September 19). Sports hazing can't be tolerated. Newsday, p. A43.