Italian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease of bone;Linee guida per la diagnosi e la terapia del morbo di Paget

Reumatismo

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 153-168

  Adami, Silvano ^a,g   Bartolozzi, P ^a   Brand, M L ^b   Falchett, A ^b   Filipponi, P ^c   Gonnelli, S ^d   Bianchi, G ^e   Isaia, G C ^f   Nuti, R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^c Ospedale di Umbertide   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

^e Ospedale di Arenzano   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^g Ospedale di Valeggio   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bisphosphonates; Paget's disease of bone

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE BONE ISOENZYME; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCITONIN; CLODRONIC ACID; ETIDRONIC ACID; NERIDRONIC ACID; OLPADRONIC ACID; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PLACEBO; RISEDRONIC ACID; TILUDRONIC ACID; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

BONE MALFORMATION; BONE PAIN; BONE SCINTISCANNING; BONE TURNOVER; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; ITALY; PAGET BONE DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; UVEITIS;

HUMANS; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS;

EID: 35448943928     PISSN: 00487449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Kanis JA. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone. 2nd Ed. London: Martin Dunitz; 1998.
2. Gold DT, Boisture J, Shipp KM, Pieper CF, and Lyles KW. Paget's disease of bone and quality of life. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 1897-904.
3. Langston AL, Campbell MK, Fraser WD, MacLennan G, Selby P, Ralston SH for the PRISM Trial Group. Clinical determinants of Quality of Life in Paget's disease of Bone J Bone Min Res 2007 (in press).
4. Barker DJ, Clough PW, Guyer PB, and Gardner MJ. Paget's disease of bone in 14 British towns. Br Med J 1977; 1: 1181-3.
5. Merlotti D, Gennari L, Galli B, Martini G, Calabrò A, De Paola V, Ceccarelli E, Nardi P, Avanzati A, Nuti R. Characteristics and Familial aggregation of Paget's disease of bone in Italy. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 1356-64.
6. Cooper C, Schafheutle K, Dennison E, Kellingray S, Guyer P, and Barker D. The epidemiology of Paget's disease in Britain: Is the prevalence decreasing? J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14: 192-7.
7. Gennari L, Di Stefano M, Merlotti D, Giordano N, Martini G, Tamone C, Zatteri R, De Lucchi R, Baldi C, Vattimo A, Capoccia S, Burroni L, Geraci S, De Paola V, Calabro A, Avanzati A, Isaia G, Nuti R. Prevalence of Paget's disease of bone in Italy. J Bone Miner Res. 2005; 20: 1845-50.
8. Rendina D, Gennari L, De Filippo G, Merlotti D, de Campora E, Fazioli F, Scarano G, Nuti R, Strazzullo P, Mossetti G. Evidence for Increased Clinical Severity of Familial and Sporadic Paget's Disease of Bone in Campania, Southern Italy. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 (in stampa).
9. Daroszewska A, Ralston SH. Genetics of Paget's disease of bone. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005 Sep; 109 (3): 257-63.
10. Falchetti A, Di Stefano M, Marini F, Del Monte F, Mavilia C, Strigoli D, De Feo ML, Isaia G, Masi L, Amedei A, Cioppi F, Ghinoi V, Bongi SM, Di Fede G, Sferrazza C, Rini GB, Melchiorre D, Matucci-Cerinic M, Brandi ML. Two novel mutations at exon 8 of the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene in an Italian series of patients affected by Paget's disease of bone (PDB). J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Jun; 19(6): 1013-7.
11. Rea SL, Walsh JP, Ward L, Yip K, Ward BK, Kent GN, Steer JH, Xu J, Ratajczak T. A novel mutation (K378X) in the sequestosome 1 gene associated with increased NF-kappaB signaling and Paget's disease of bone with a severe phenotype. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jul; 21(7): 1136-45.
12. Langston AL, Johnston M, Robertson C, Campbell MK, Entwistle VA, Marteau TM, McCallum M, Ralston SH. Protocol for stage 1 of the GaP study (Genetic testing acceptability for Paget's disease of bone): an interview study about genetic testing and preventive treatment: would relatives of people with Paget's disease want testing and treatment if they were available? BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Jun 8; 6: 71.
13. Hamdy R. Paget's Disease of Bone Assessment and Management. London: Praeger; 1981.
14. Khairi MR, Robb JA, Wellman HN, and Johnston CC Jr. Radiographs and scans in diagnosing symptomatic lesions of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans). Geriatrics 1974; 29: 49-54.
15. Steinbach, HL. Some roentgen features of Paget's disease. Am J Radiol 1961; 86: 950-64.
16. Wilner D. and Sherman RS. Roentgen diagnosis of Paget's disease (osteitis deformans). Med Radiogr Photogr 1966; 42: 35-78.
17. Wellman HN, Schauwecker D, Robb JA, Khairi MR, and Johnston CC. Skeletal scintimaging and radiography in the diagnosis and management of Paget's disease. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1977; 127: 55-62.
18. Alvarez L, Guanabens N, Peris P, Monegal A, Bedini JL, Deulofeu R, et al. Discriminative value of biochemical markers of bone turnover in assessing the activity of Paget's disease. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10: 458-65.
19. Delmas PD. and Meunier PJ. Drug therapy: The management of Paget's disease of bone. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 558-66.
20. Meunier PJ, Salson C, Mathieu L, Chapuy MC, Delmas P, Alexandre C, et al. Skeletal distribution and biochemical parameters of Paget's disease. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1987; 217: 37-44.
21. Hosking D, Meunier PJ, Ringe JD, Reginster JY, and Gennari C. Paget's disease: Diagnosis and management. Br Med J 1996; 312: 491-4.
22. Siris E. Goals of treatment fo Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14(Suppl. 2): 49-52.
23. Altman, R. D., Johnston, C. C., Khairi, M. R., Wellman, H., Serafini, A. N., and Sankey RR. Influence of disodium etidronate on clinical and laboratory manifestations of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans). N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 1379-84.
24. Reginster JY, Colson F, Morlock G, Combe B, Ethgen D, and Geusens P. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral tiludronate in Paget's disease of bone. A double-blind, multiple-dosage, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 967-74.
25. Reid IR. Nicholson GC, Weinstein RS, Hosking DJ, Cundy T, Kotowicz M. A., et al. Biochemical and radiologic improvement in Paget's disease of bone treated with alendronate: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Med 1996; 101: 341-8.
26. Khairi MR, Johnston CC Jr, Altman RD, Wellman HN, Serafini AN, and Sankey RR. Treatment of Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans). Results of a one-year study with sodium etidronate. JAMA 1974; 230: 526-7.
27. Ralston SH, Boyce BF, Cowan RA, Fogelman I, Smith ML, Jenkins A, et al. The effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the mineralization defect in disodium etidronate-treated Paget's disease - a doubleblind randomized clinical study. J Bone Miner Res 1987; 2: 5-12.
28. Miller PD, Brown JP, Siris ES, Hoseyni MS, Axelrod DW, and Bekker PJ. A randomized, double-blind comparison of risedronate and etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Paget's Risedronate/ Etidronate Study Group. Am J Med 1999; 106: 513-20.
29. Roux C, Gennari C, Farrerons J, Devogelaer JP, Mulder H, Kruse HP, et al. Comparative prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of the efficacy of tiludronate and etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 851-8.
30. Siris E, Weinstein RS, Altman R, Conte JM, Favus M, Lombardi A, et al. Comparative study of alendronate versus etidronate for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 961-7.
31. Reid IR, Miller P, Lyles K, Fraser W, Brown JP, Saidi Y, Mesenbrink P, Su G, Pak J, Zelenakas K, Luchi M, Richardson P, Hosking D. Comparison of a single infusion of zoledronic acid with risedronate for Paget's disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 898-908.
32. Fraser WD, Stamp TC, Creek RA., Sawyer JP, and Picot C. A double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study of tiludronate in Paget's disease of bone. Postgrad Med J 1997; 73: 496-502.
33. Bickerstaff DR, Douglas DL, Burke PH, O'Doherty DP, and Kanis JA. Improvement in the deformity of the face in Paget's disease treated with diphosphonates. J Bone Jt Surg [Br] 1990; 72: 132-6.
34. Buckler HM, Cantrill JA, Klimiuk PS, and Anderson DC. Paget's disease of the orbit: Before and after APD. Br Med J Clin Res Ed 295: 1655; 1987
35. Brown JP, Chines AA, Myers WR, Eusebio RA, Ritter-Hrncirik C, and Hayes CW. Improvement of pagetic bone lesions with risedronate treatment: A radiologic study. Bone 2000; 26: 263-7.
36. Dodd GW, Ibbertson HK, Fraser TR, Holdaway IM, and Wattie D. Radiological assessment of Paget's disease of bone after treatment with the bisphosphonates EHDP and APD. Br J Radiol 1987; 60: 849-60.
37. Fenton AJ, Gutteridge DH, Kent GN, Price RI, Retallack RW, Bhagat CI, et al. Intravenous aminobisphosphonate in Paget's disease: Clinical, biochemical, histomorphometric and radiological responses. Clin Endocrinol 1991; 34: 197-204.
38. Menzies MA, Greenberg PB, and Joplin GF. Otological studies in patients with deafness due to Paget's disease before and after treatment with synthetic human calcitonin. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 1975; 79: 378-83.
39. Solomon LR, Evanson JM, Canty DP, and Gill NW. Effect of calcitonin treatment on deafness due to Paget's disease of bone. Br Med J 1977; 2: 485-7.
40. Melton LJ, III, Tiegs RD, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM 2000 Fracture risk among patients with Paget's disease: a population-based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res 15: 2123-8.
41. van Staa TP, Selby P, Leufkens HG, Lyles K, Sprafka JM, Cooper C. Incidence and natural history of Paget's disease of bone in England and Wales. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17: 465-71.
42. Chen JR, Rhee RS, Wallach S, Avramides A, and Flores, A. Neurologic disturbances in Paget disease of bone: Response to calcitonin. Neurology 1979; 29: 448-57.
43. Douglas DL, Duckworth T, Kanis JA, Preston C, Beard DJ, Smith TW, et al. Biochemical and clinical responses to dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) in Paget's disease of bone. Arthritis Rheum 1980; 23: 1185-92.
44. Gruszkiewicz J, Doron Y, Borovich B, and Zaaroor, M. Spinal cord compression in Paget's disease of bone with reference to sarcomatous degeneration and calcitonin treatment. Surg Neurol 1987; 27: 117-25.
45. Schumacher M, Levy A, Beck U, and Remagen W. Paget's disease with spinal cord compression. Favourable course after decompression and calcitonin treatment in two cases. Eur Neurol 1977; 15: 116-20.
46. Weisz GM. Lumbar spinal canal stenosis in Paget's disease. Spine 1983; 8: 192-8.
47. Charhon, S., Chapuy, M. C., Valentin-Opran, A., and Meunier, P. J. Intravenous etidronate for spinal cord dysfunction due to Paget's disease [letter]. Lancet 1982; i: 391-2.
48. Douglas DL, Duckworth T, Kanis JA, Jefferson AA, Martin TJ, and Russell RG. Spinal cord dysfunction in Paget's disease of bone. Has medical treatment a vascular basis? J Bone Jt Surg [Br] 1981; 63B: 495-503.
49. Percival RC, Watson ME, Williams JL, and Kanis JA. Carcinoma of the prostate: Remission of paraparesis with inhibitors of bone resorption. Postgrad Med J 1985; 61: 551-3.
50. Wallace E, Wong J, and Reid IR. Pamidronate treatment of the neurologic sequelae of pagetic spinal stenosis. Arch Intern Med 1995; 55: 1813-5.
51. Aitken, J. M. and Lindsay, R. Mithramycin in Paget's disease. Lancet 1973; i: 1177-8.
52. Elias EG. and Evans JT. Mithramycin in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. J Bone J Surg [Am] 1972; 54: 1730-6.
53. Epstein S. Mithramycin in Paget's disease. S Afr Med J 1974; 48: 1328-30.
54. Heath DA. The role of mithramycin in the management of Paget's disease. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 1981; 3: 343-5.
55. Russell AS, Chalmers IM, Percy JS, and Lentle BC. Long term effectiveness of low dose mithramycin for Paget's disease of bone. Arthritis Rheum 1979; 22: 215-8.
56. Ryan PJ, Sherry M, Gibson T, and Fogelman I. Treatment of Paget's disease by weekly infusions of 3-aminohydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (APD). Br J Rheumatol 1992; 31: 97-101.
57. Ryan WG. Mithramycin in Paget's disease of bone. Lancet 1973; i: 1319.
58. Siris ES, Canfield RE, Jacobs TP, Stoddart KE, and Spector PJ. Clinical and biochemical effects of EHDP in Paget's disease of bone: Patterns of response to initial treatment and to long-term therapy. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 1981; 3: 301-08.
59. Kanis JA, Fitzpatrick K, and Strong JA. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with porcine calcitonin: Clinical and metabolic responses. Q J Med 1975; 44: 399-413.
60. Shai F, Baker RK, and Wallach S. The clinical and metabolic effects of porcine calcitonin on Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 1927-40.
61. Lavender JP, Evans IM, Arnot R, Bowring S, Doyle FH, Joplin GF, et al. A comparison of radiography and radioisotope scanning in the detection of Paget's disease and in the assessment of response to human calcitonin. Br J Radiol 1977; 50: 243-50.
62. Adami S, Guarrera G, Salvagno G, Spiazzi G, Marini G, Rosini S, Lo Cascio V. Sequential treatment of Paget's disease with human calcitonin and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). Metab Bone Dis Relat Res. 1984; 5: 265-7.
63. Gennari C, Passeri M, Chierichetti SM, and Piolini M. Side-effects of synthetic salmon and human calcitonin [letter]. Lancet 1983; i: 594-95.
64. Canfield R, Rosner W, Skinner J, McWhorter J, Resnick L, Feldman F, et al. Diphosphonate therapy of Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 44: 96-106.
65. Russell RG, Smith R. Preston C, Walton RJ, and Woods, CG. Diphosphonates in Paget's disease. Lancet 1974; i: 894-8.
66. Khairi MR, Altman RD, De Rosa GP, Zimmermann J, Schenk RK, and Johnston CC. Sodium etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. A study of longterm results. Ann Intern Med 1977; 87: 656-63.
67. Boyce BF, Smith L, Fogelman I, Johnston E, Ralston S, and Boyle IT. Focal osteomalacia due to low-dose diphosphonate therapy in paget's disease. Lancet 1984; i: 821-4.
68. Gibbs CJ, Aaron JE, and Peacock M. Osteomalacia in Paget's disease treated with short term, high dose sodium etidronate. Br Med J 1986; 292: 1227-9.
69. Altman RD. Long-term follow-up of therapy with intermittent etidronate disodium in Paget's disease of bone. Am J Med 1985; 79: 583-90.
70. Dewis, P., Prasad, B. K., Anderson, D. C., and Willets, S. Clinical experience with the use of two diphosphonates in the treatment of Paget's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 34-8.
71. Frijlink, W. B., Bijvoet, O. L., te Velde, J., and Heynen, G. Treatment of Paget's disease with (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1, 1-bisphosphonate (A.P.D.). Lancet 1979; 1: 799- 803.
72. Mautalen CA, Gonzalez D, and Ghiringhelli G. Efficacy of the bisphosphonate APD in the control of Paget's bone disease. Bone 1985; 6: 429-32.
73. Thiebaud D, Jaeger P, and Burckhardt P. Paget's disease of bone treated in five days with AHPrBP (APD) per os. J Bone Miner Res 1987; 2: 45-52.
74. Adami S, Salvagno G, Guarrera G, Montesanti F, Garavelli S, Rosini S, et al. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with intravenous 4-amino-1- hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate. Calcif Tissue Int 1986; 39: 226-9.
75. Cantrill JA, Buckler HM, and Anderson DC. Low dose intravenous 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45: 1012-8.
76. Cundy T, McAnulty K, Wattie D, Gamble G, Rutland M, and Ibbertson HK. Evidence for secular change in Paget's disease. Bone 1997; 20: 69-71.
77. Yap AS, Mortimer RH, Jacobi JM, Galligan JP, Perry-Keene DA, and Khafagi FA. Single-dose intravenous pamidronate is effective alternative therapy for Paget's disease refractory to calcitonin. Horm Res 1991; 36: 70-4.
78. Ryan PJ, Gibson T, and Fogelman I. Bone scintigraphy following intravenous pamidronate for Paget's disease of bone. J Nucl Med 1992; 33: 1589-93.
79. Stone MD, Hawthorne AB, Kerr D, Webster G, and Hosking DJ. Treatment of Paget's disease with intermittent low-dose infusions of disodium pamidronate (APD). J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: 1231-5.
80. Thiebaud D, Jaeger P, Gobelet C, Jacquet AF, and Burckhardt P. A single infusion of the bisphosphonate AHPrBP (APD) as treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Am J Med 1988; 85: 207-212.
81. Vega E, Gonzalez D, Ghiringhelli G, and Mautalen C. Intravenous aminopropylidene bisphosphonate (APD) in the treatment of Paget's bone disease. J Bone Miner Res 2:267-271; 1987.
82. Watts RA, Skingle SJ, Bhambhani MM, Pountain G, and Crisp AJ. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with single dose intravenous pamidronate. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52: 616-8.
83. Anderson DC, O'Driscoll JB, Buckler HM, Cantrill J, and Brown JD. Relapse of osteoporosis circumscripta as a lytic ring after treatment of Paget's disease with intravenous 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate. Br J Radiol 1988; 61: 996-1001.
84. Mallette LE. Successful treatment of resistant Paget's disease of bone with pamidronate. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 2765-7.
85. Vellenga CJ., Pauwels EK., Bijvoet OL, Harinck HI, and Frijlink WB. Quantitative bone scintigraphy in Paget's disease treated with APD. Br J Radiol 1985; 58: 1165-72.
86. Gray RE. Yates AJ, Preston CJ, Smith R, Russell RG, and Kanis JA. Duration of effect of oral diphosphonate therapy in Paget's disease of bone. Q J Med 1987; 64: 755-67.
87. Macarol V. and Fraunfelder FT. Pamidronate disodium and possible ocular adverse drug reactions. Am J Ophthalmol 1994; 118: 220-4.
88. Adami S, Bhalla AK, Dorizzi R, Montesanti F, Rosini S, Salvagno G, et al. The acute-phase response after bisphosphonate administration. Calcif Tissue Int 1987; 41: 326-31.
89. Ghose K, Waterworth R, Trolove P, and Highton J. Uveitis associated with pamidronate. Austral NZ J Med 1994; 24: 320.
90. Patel U, Gallacher SJ, Boyle IT, and McKillop JH. Serial bone scans in Paget's disease: Development of new lesions, natural variation in lesion intensity and nature of changes seen after treatment. Nucl Med Commun 1990; 11: 747-60.
91. Harinck HI, Papapoulos SE, Blanksma HJ, Moolenaar AJ, Vermeij P, and Bijvoet OL. Paget's disease of bone: Early and late responses to three different modes of treatment with aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (APD). Br Med J Clin Res Ed 1987; 295: 1301-5.
92. O'Donnell NP, Rao GP, and Aguis-Fernandez A. Paget's disease: ocular complications of disodium pamidronate treatment. Br J Clin Pract 49: 1995; 272-3.
93. Adami S, Zamberlan N. Adverse effects of bisphosphonates. A comparative review. Drug Saf. 1996; 14: 158-70.
94. Selby PL. Pamidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease. Bone 1999; 24 (Suppl. 5): 57S-58S.
95. Adamson BB, Gallacher SJ, Byars J, Ralston SH, Boyle IT, and Boyce BF. Mineralisation defects with pamidronate therapy for Paget's disease. Lancet 1993; 342: 1459-60.
96. Anderson, D. C. and Richardson, P. C. Pamidronate and Paget's disease [letter]. Lancet 1994; 343: 427.
97. Audran M, Clochon P, Etghen D, Mazieres B, and Renier JC. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with (4-chloro-phenyl) thiomethylene bisphosphonate. Clin Rheumatol 1989; 8: 71-9.
98. Reginster JY, Jeugmans-Huynen AM, Albert A, Denis D, Deroisy R, Lecart, MP, et al. Biological and clinical assessment of a new bisphosphonate, (chloro-4 phenyl) thiomethylene bisphosphonate, in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Bone 1988; 9: 349-54.
99. Brown JP, Hosking DJ, Ste-Marie L, Johnston CC Jr., Reginster J, Ryan WG, et al. Risedronate, a highly effective, short-term oral treatment for Paget's disease: A dose-response study. Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 64: 93-99.
100. Yates AJ. Percival RC, Gray RE, Atkins RM, Urwin GH, Hamdy NA, et al. Intravenous clodronate in the treatment and retreatment of Paget's disease of bone. Lancet 1985; i: 1474-7.
101. Filipponi P, Pedetti M, Beghe F, Giovagnini B, Miam M, and Cristallini S. Effects of two different bisphosphonates on Paget's disease of bone: ICTP assessed. Bone 1994; 15: 261-267.
102. Filipponi P, Pedetti M, Beghe F, Giovagnini B, Miam M, Cristallini S. Effects of two different bisphosphonates on Paget's disease of bone: ICTP assessed. Bone. 1994; 15: 261-7.
103. Adami S, Mian M, Gatti P, Rossini M, Zamberlan N, Bertoldo F, et al. Effects of two oral doses of alendronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Bone 1994; 15: 415-7.
104. Adami S, Zamberlan N, Mian M, Dorizzi R, Rossini M, Braga B, et al. Duration of the effects of intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal women and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease of bone. Bone Miner 1994; 25: 75-82.
105. Khan SA, Vasikaran S, McCloskey EV, Beneton MN, Rogers S, Coulton L, et al. Alendronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Bone 1997; 20: 263-71.
106. O'Doherty DP, Bickerstaff DR, McCloskey EV, Eyres KS, and Kanis JA. Radiographic healing of osteolytic Paget's disease of the tibia with alendronate. J Orthop Rheumatol 1991; 4: 153-7.
107. O'Doherty DP, Bickerstaff DR., McCloskey EV, Hamdy NA, Beneton MN., Harris S, et al. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with aminohydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: 483-91.
108. Grauer, A., Heichel, S., Knaus, J., Dosch, E., and Ziegler, R. Ibandronate treatment in Paget's disease of bone. Bone 1999; 24 (Suppl. 5): 87-9.
109. Gonzalez DC. and Mautalen CA. Short-term therapy with oral olpadronate in active Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14: 2042-7.
110. Papapoulos SE, Hoekman K, Lowik CW, Vermeij P, and Bijvoet OL. Application of an in vitro model and a clinical protocol in the assessment of the potency of a new bisphosphonate. J Bone Miner Res 1989; 4: 775-781.
111. Schweitzer DH, Zwinderman AH, Vermeij P, Bijvoet OL, and Papapoulos SE. Improved treatment of Paget's disease with dimethylaminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8: 175-182.
112. Vega E, Mautalen C, Roldan EJ, and Perez-Lloret A. Preliminary study of multiple increasing oral doses of dimethyl-APD on bone metabolism dynamics and safety profile. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1994; 20:103-8.
113. Filipponi P, Cristallini S, Policani G, Casciari C, Gregorio F. Paget's disease of bone: benefits of neridonate as a first treatment and in cases of relapse after clodronate. Bone. 1998; 23: 543-8.
114. Adami S, Bevilacqua M, Broggini M, Filipponi P, Ortolani S, Palummeri E, Ulivieri F, Nannipieri F, Braga V. Short-term intravenous therapy with Neridronate in Paget's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002; 20: 55-8.
115. Nancollas GH, Tang R, Phipps RJ, Henneman Z, Gulde S, Wu W, Mangood A, Russell RG, Ebetino FH. Novel insights into actions of bisphosphonates on bone: differences in interactions with hydroxyapatite. Bone. 2006; 38: 617-27.
116. Arden-Cordone M, Siris ES, Lyles KW, Knieriem A, Newton, RA, Schaffer, V, et al. Antiresorptive effect of a single infusion of microgram quantities of zoledronate in Paget's disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 60: 415-8.
117. Garnero P, Gineyts E, Schaffer AV, Seaman J, and Delmas PD. Measurement of urinary excretion of nonisomerized and beta-isomerized forms of type I collagen breakdown products to monitor the effects of the bisphosphonate zoledronate in Paget's disease. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 354-60.
118. Hosking D, Lyles K, Brown J, Fraser WD, Miller P, Diaz Curriel M, Devogelaer JP, Hooper M, Su G, Zelenakas K, Pak J, Fashola T, Saidi Y, Eriksen EF, Reid IR. Long term control of bone turnover in Pagets Disease with Zoledronic Acid and Risedronate J Bone Min Res 2007 (in press).
119. Ludkowski P. and Wilson-Macdonald, J. Total arthoplasty in Paget's disease of the hip. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1990; 255: 160-7.
120. Goutallier D, Sterkers Y, and Cadeua F. Experience de la prosthese totale au cours de la coxopathie page ′tique. Rhumatologie 1984; 36: 81-2.
121. Bowie HIC. and Kanis JA. Calcitonin in the assessment and preparation of patients with Paget's disease for surgery. In: Kanis JA., ed. Bone Disease and Calcitonin. Eastbourne, UK: Armour Pharmaceuticals 1976; 61-9.
122. Bidner S. and Finnegan M. Femoral fractures in Paget's disease. J Orthop Trauma 1989; 3: 317-22.
123. Bradley CM. and Nade S. Outcome after fractures of the femur in Paget's disease. Austral NZ J Surg 1992; 62: 39-44.
124. Louette L, Lammens J, and Fabry G. The Ilizarov external fixator for treatment of deformities in Paget's disease. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1996; 323: 298-303.
125. Sochart DH, and Porter ML. Charnley low-friction arthroplasty for Paget's disease of the hip. J Arthroplasty 2000; 5: 210-9.
126. Richardson, P. C., Cantrill, J. A., and Anderson, D. C. Experience of treating 218 patients with Paget's disease of bone using intravenous 3- aminohydroxypropylidene 1-1 bisphosphonate (Pamidronate, APD). In: Cohn DV. Glorieux FH, & Martin TJ, eds. Calcium Regulation and Bone Metabolism. New York: Elsevier 1990; 509-14.
127. Siris ES, Chines AA, Altman RD., Brown JP, Johnston CC Jr, Lang R, et al. Risedronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone: An open label, multicenter study. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13: 1032-8.
128. Gutteridge DH, Ward LC, Stewart GC, Retallak RW, Will RK, Prince RL et al. Paget's disease: acquired resistance to one aminobisphosphonate with retained response to another. J Bone Miner 1999; 2: 79-84.