Prevention of nosocomial transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural South African district hospitals: an epidemiological modelling study

Lancet

Volumn 370, Issue 9597, 2007, Pages 1500-1507

  Basu, Sanjay ^a,e   Andrews, Jason R ^a,e   Poolman, Eric M ^a   Gandhi, Neel R ^b,e   Shah, N Sarita ^b,e   Moll, Anthony ^d,e   Moodley, Prashini ^c,e   Galvani, Alison P ^a   Friedland, Gerald H ^a,e  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^d Philanjalo and Church of Scotland Hospital   (South Africa)

^e Tugela Ferry Care and Research Collaboration   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE INFECTION; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; COMMUNITY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; LENGTH OF STAY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; RURAL AREA; SIMULATION; SOUTH AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 35448933608     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61636-5     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Zignol M., Hosseini M., Wright A., et al. Global incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 194 (2006) 479-485
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs-worldwide, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 (2006) 301-305
3. Notice to Readers: Revised definition of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. MMWR 55 (2006) 11176
4. WHO. Global map and information on XDR-TB (2007), World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/tb/xdr/en/index.html (accessed June 21, 2007).
5. Shah N., Wright A., Bai G.-H., et al. Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/3/380.htm (accessed April 1, 2007).
6. Gandhi N., Moll A., Sturm A., et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet 368 (2006) 1575-1580
7. South African Press Association. XDR-TB found in all provinces (2007), SAPA, Durban. http://www.aegis.com/news/sapa/2006/SA061009.html (accessed Oct 19, 2006).
8. Makhaye C. Deadly TB on upward spiral in KZN. http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=125&art_id=vn20 061112114026839C453038 (accessed Nov 13, 2006).
9. Edlin B., Tokars J., Grieco M., et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 326 (1992) 1514-1521
10. Narvskaya O., Otten T., Limeschenko E., et al. Nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis caused by a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing family in St. Petersburg, Russia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21 (2002) 596-602
11. Sacks L., Pendle S., Orlovic D., Blumberg L., and Constantinou C. A comparison of outbreak- and nonoutbreak-related multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in a South African hospital. Clin Infect Dis 29 (1999) 96-101
12. Frieden T., Fujiwara P., Washko R., and Hamburg M. Tuberculosis in New York City-turning the tide. N Engl J Med 333 (1995) 229-233
13. Stroud L., Tokars J., Grieco M., et al. Evaluation of infection control measures in preventing the nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a New York City hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16 (1995) 141-147
14. Bock N., Jensen P., Miller B., and Nardell E. Tuberculosis infection control in resource-limited settings in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment. J Infect Dis 196 (2007) s108-s113
15. Jensen P., Lambert L., Iademarco M., and Ridzon R. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care settings, 2005. MMWR Recomm Rep 54 (2005) 1-141
16. WHO. Guidelines for the prevention of tuberculosis in health care facilities in resource-limited settings (1999), World Health Organization, Geneva
17. Gandhi N., Moll A., Pawinski R., Zeller K., Lalloo U., and Friedland G. Favorable outcomes of integration of TB and HIV treatment in a rural South Africa: The Sizonq'oba study (2006), XVI International Conference on AIDS, Toronto
18. Andrews J. Clinical predictors of multidrug resistance and mortality among tuberculosis patients in a rural South African Hospital: a case-control study (2007), Yale University School of Medicine MD Thesis
19. Weyer K., Lancastre J., Brand J., van der Walt M., and Levin J. National survey of tuberculosis drug resistance in South Africa, 2001-2002. Pretoria: MRC. http://www.sahealthinfo.org/tb/natsurvey.pdf (accessed Jan 2, 2007).
20. Vella V., Marra C., Maluleke M., Hlope H., Peer A., and Tefera A. Surveillance of XDR and MDR at COSH, 2005-2006. KwaZulu-Natal Epidemiol Bull 15 (March 2007) 8-25
21. Blower S., and Dowlatabadi H. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex models of disease transmission. Intl Stat Rev 2 (1994) 229-243
22. Moll A, Gandhi N, Sturm AW, et al. XDR TB as cause of death in TB/HIV coinfected patients in rural South Africa. (MOPE0181). XVI International AIDS Conference. Toronto, 2006.
23. Rich M. The PIH guide to the medical management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (2003), Harvard University, Boston, MA
24. da Silva P., Boffo M., de Mattos I., et al. Comparison of redox and D29 phage methods for detection of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 12 (2006) 293-296
25. Cooksey R., Morlock G., Glickman S., and Crawford J. Evaluation of a line probe assay kit for characterization of rpoB mutations in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from New York City. J Clin Microbiol 35 (1997) 1281-1283
26. de Luna F.F.-A., Ruiz P., Gutierrez J., and Casal M. Evaluation of the GenoType Mycobacteria Direct assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and four atypical mycobacterial species in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 44 (2006) 3025-3027
27. Moore D., Evans C., Gilman R., et al. Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB. N Engl J Med 355 (2006) 1539-1550
28. Iseman M. A clinician's guide to tuberculosis (2000), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Hagerstown, MD
29. Riley R., Wells W., Mills C., Nyka W., and McLean R. Air hygiene in tuberculosis: quantitative studies of infectivity and control in a pilot ward. Am Rev Tuberc 75 (1957) 420-431
30. Singh J., Upshur R., and Padayatchi N. XDR-TB in South Africa: no time for denial or complacency. PLoS Med 4 (2007) e50
31. Escombe A., Oeser C., Gilman R., et al. Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion. PLoS Med 4 (2007) e68
32. Gammaitoni L., and Nucci M. Using a mathematical model to evaluate the efficacy of TB control measures. Emerg Infect Dis 3 (1997) 335-342
33. Noakes C., Beggs C., Sleigh P., and Kerr K. Modelling the transmission of airborne infections in enclosed spaces. Epidemiol Infect 134 (2006) 1082-1091
34. Lawn S., Myer L., Bekker L., and Wood R. Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa. AIDS 21 (2007) 335-341
35. Nardell E., Keegan J., Cheney S., and Etkind S. Airborne infection. Theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 144 (1991) 302-306
36. Li Y., Leung G., Tang J., Yang X., and Chao C. Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment-a multidisciplinary systematic review. Indoor Air 17 (2007) 2-18
37. Biscotto C., Pedroso E., Starling C., and Roth V. Evaluation of N95 respirator use as a tuberculosis control measure in a resource-limited setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9 (2005) 545-549
38. Fennelly K. Personal respiratory protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med 18 (1997) 1-17
39. Fennelly K. Personal respiratory protection and prevention of occupational tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9 (2005) 476
40. Espinal M., Laserson K., Camacho M., et al. Determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis: analysis of 11 countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5 (2001) 887-893
41. WHO. Report of the meeting of the WHO Global Task Force on XDR-TB (2006), World Health Organization, Geneva
42. Beggs C., Noakes C., Sleigh P., Fletcher L., and Siddiqi K. The transmission of tuberculosis in confined spaces: an analytical review of alternative epidemiological models. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7 (2003) 1015-1026
43. Weyer K. Transmission of extensively drug-resistant TB in South Africa and implications for infection control in health care settings. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Los Angeles, CA; Feb 25, 2007.
44. South Africa Department of Health. The KZN "outbreak". Pretoria: DoH. http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/reports/2006/kzn/xdr.pdf (accessed June 21, 2006).