British society in India under the East India company

Modern Asian Studies

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 89-108

  Marshall, P J ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 3543141540     PISSN: 0026749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0026749x00016942     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. See, for instance, Nupur Chaudhuri and Margaret Strobel (eds). Western Women and Imperialism: Complicity and Resistance (Bloomington, 1992).
2. British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion 1688-1914 (London, 1993), pp. 330-2.
3. Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780-1830 (London, 1989), pp. 251-2.
4. P[arliamentary] P[apers], 1863, LIII, i, pp. 214-17.
5. H. H. Risley and E. A. Gait, Census of India, 1901: Report (Calcutta, 1903), p.
6. Cf B. R. Mitchell (ed.), British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), p. 576 and Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, 15 vols (London, 1803-6), IV. p. 60.
7. Cf B. R. Mitchell (ed.), British Historical Statistics (Cambridge, 1988), p. 576 and Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, 15 vols (London, 1803-6), IV. p. 60.
8. Cf Mitchell, pp. 581-3 and PP, 1852, X, pp. 426-7.
9. 28 Geo.III, c.8, secs 1 ,2.
10. 53, Geo.III, c.155, sec. 87.
11. PP, 1852, X, p. 409.
12. See P. A. Stanley, 'White Mutiny: The Bengal Europeans, 1825-75, a Study in Military Social History', Ph.D. Thesis, The Australian National University, 1993. I am very grateful indeed to Dr Stanley for supplying me with a copy of his thesis.
13. PP, 1863, XIX, i, p. 288.
14. PP, 1859, V, p. 364.
15. PP, 1863, XIX, i, p. 101.
16. Carolyn Steedman, The Radical Soldier's Tale. John Pearman 1819-1908 (London, 1988), p. 147.
17. 'A King's Officer', 'Sketch of a Barrack Life in India', Remarks on the Exclusion of Officers of His Majesty's Service from the Staff of the Indian Army (London, 1825), pp. 122-3.
18. Ibid., p. 129.
19. PP, 1863, XIX, i, 14-17; David Arnold, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-century India (Berkeley, 1993), pp. 69-70; Philip D. Curtin, Death by Migration: Europe's Encounter with the Tropical World in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1990).
20. PP, 1863, XIX, i, 14-17; David Arnold, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-century India (Berkeley, 1993), pp. 69-70; Philip D. Curtin, Death by Migration: Europe's Encounter with the Tropical World in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1990).
21. John Murray, Of the Topograpy of Meerut (Calcutta, 1839), pp. 13-14.
22. J. G. Baird (ed.), Private Letters of the Marquess of Dalhousie (London, 1910), p. 166.
23. C. J. Hawes, 'Eurasians of British India, 1773-1833', Ph.D. Thesis, London University, 1993.
24. P. E. Razzell, 'Social Origins of Officers in the Indian and British Home Armies, 1758 to 1962', British Journal of Sociology, XIV (1963), pp. 248-60.
25. Reports from Committees, IV, pp. 506-7.
26. PP, 1831-2, XIII, p. xiii; 1852, X, p. 20.
27. PP, 1831-2, XIII, p. xiii; 1852, X, p. 20.
28. PP, 1859 (2), XVII, p. 37.
29. PP, 1852-3, XXXII, p. 218.
30. See discussion in Lorenzo M. Cowell, 'Military Professionalism in a Colonial Context: The Madras Army c.1832', Modern Asian Studies, XXIV (1990), pp. 248-73.
31. W. Badenach, Inquiry into the State of the Indian Army (London, 1826). pp. 29, 130; see also Charles Napier, Defects Civil and Military of the Indian Government (London, 1853), p. 259.
32. W. Badenach, Inquiry into the State of the Indian Army (London, 1826). pp. 29, 130; see also Charles Napier, Defects Civil and Military of the Indian Government (London, 1853), p. 259.
33. J. W. Kaye, The Life and Correspondence of Major General Sir John Malcolm, 2 vols (London, 1856), I, p. 393.
34. J. M. Bourne, Patronage and Society in Nineteenth-century England (London, 1986), pp. 87-94; Stanley, 'White Mutiny', pp. 26-39.
35. J. M. Bourne, Patronage and Society in Nineteenth-century England (London, 1986), pp. 87-94; Stanley, 'White Mutiny', pp. 26-39.
36. Ronald M. Sumpter, Patronage and Politics in Scotland, 1707-1832 (Edinburgh, 1986), p. 9.
37. Stanley, 'White Mutiny', p. 31.
38. P. J. Marshall, East Indian Fortunes: The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1986), p. 15.
39. 'Calculation by Mr Anderson', Scottish Record Office, GD 51/3/16.
40. Letter to Directors, 15 Aug. 1787, Oriental and India Office Collections, E/4/ 46, p. 216.
41. See, for instance, P. J. Corfield, 'Class by Name and Number in Eighteenthcentury Britain', History, LXXII (1987), p. 43.
42. PP, 1831-2, IX, pp. 236-7.
43. PP, 1852-3, XXXI, p. 548.
44. PP, 1850, XV, pp. 181-2.
45. PP, 1831-2, IX, pp. 709-11.
46. Dalhousie Letters, p. 226.
47. R. K. Renford, The Non-Official British in India to 1920 (New Delhi, 1987), p. 140.
48. Owain Jenkins, Merchant Prince: Memoirs of India 1929-58 (London, 1987), p. 36.
49. Raymond Head, 'Corelli in Calcutta: Colonial Music-Making during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', Early Music, XIII (1985).
50. Zoe Yalland, Traders and Nabobs: The British in Cawnpore 1765-1857 (New Delhi, 1987); A. Harfield, Meerut: The First Sixty Years 1815-75 (London, 1992).
51. Zoe Yalland, Traders and Nabobs: The British in Cawnpore 1765-1857 (New Delhi, 1987); A. Harfield, Meerut: The First Sixty Years 1815-75 (London, 1992).
52. The Nabobs (Oxford, 1963), p. 130.
53. Cited in D. M. Peers, ' "Those Noble Examples of the True Military Tradition": Constructions of the Indian Army in the Mid-Victorian Press', infra, p. 110.
54. The argument in this paragraph is derived from D. M. Peers, 'Between Mars and Mammon; the East India Company and Efforts to Reform its Army, 1796-1826', Historical Journal, XXXIII (1990), pp. 385-401.
55. Journals of the House of Commons, XXXVIII, p. 97.
56. Cited in John Clive, Thomas Babington Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian (London, 1973), p. 336.
57. P. J. Marshall, The Whites of British India, 1780-1830: A Failed Colonial Society?', The International History Review, XII (1990), pp. 32-5.
58. W. Fraser to his father, 21 Aug. 1804, reference kindly supplied by Mr A. P. Coleman.
59. PP, 1852, X, p. 262.
60. R. J. Mackintosh (ed.), Memoirs of the Right Hon. Sir James Mackintosh, 2 vols (London, 1835), I, p. 212.
61. Note, '178-, April 14', University of Minnesota, Ames MSS, MS B.114.
62. Bawa Satinder Singh (ed.), The Letters of the First Viscount Hardinge of Lahore to Lady Hardinge and Sir Walter and Lady James 1844-7 (London, 1986), p. 240.
63. PP, 1831-2, XIII, p. 386.
64. Lord Colchester (ed.), The Indian Administration of Lord Ellenborough (London, 1874), p. 440.
65. PP, 1852, X, p. 257.
66. C. H. Philips (ed.), The Correspondence of Lord William Cavendish Bentinck, 2 vols (Oxford, 1977), I, p. 710.
67. George Trevelyan, The Competition Wallah (London, 1907), p. 7.
68. Administration of Ellenborough, p. 448.
69. The Black Book or Corruption Unmasked (London, 1820), p. 372.
70. J. M. Robson, M. Moir, Z. Moir (eds), Writings on India by John Stuart Mill (Toronto, 1990), p. 37.
71. Ibid., p. 38.
72. Hansard, 3rd ser, CXXVII, col. 1157.
73. Essays Military and Political Written in India (London, 1859), p. 474.
74. Eleanor Eden (ed.), Letters from India by Emily Eden, 2 vols (London. 1872), I. 131.
75. The English India: Our Social Morality', Calcutta Review, I (1844), pp. 331-2; English Women in Hindustan', ibid., IV (1845), pp. 106-7; 'Married Life in India', ibid., IV (1845), PP- 411-13; 'English Literature in India', ibid., V (1846), pp. 207-9.
76. The English India: Our Social Morality', Calcutta Review, I (1844), pp. 331-2; English Women in Hindustan', ibid., IV (1845), pp. 106-7; 'Married Life in India', ibid., IV (1845), PP- 411-13; 'English Literature in India', ibid., V (1846), pp. 207-9.
77. The English India: Our Social Morality', Calcutta Review, I (1844), pp. 331-2; English Women in Hindustan', ibid., IV (1845), pp. 106-7; 'Married Life in India', ibid., IV (1845), PP- 411-13; 'English Literature in India', ibid., V (1846), pp. 207-9.
78. The English India: Our Social Morality', Calcutta Review, I (1844), pp. 331-2; English Women in Hindustan', ibid., IV (1845), pp. 106-7; 'Married Life in India', ibid., IV (1845), PP- 411-13; 'English Literature in India', ibid., V (1846), pp. 207-9.