How and why are triplets disadvantaged compared to twins?

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 631-644

  Blickstein, Isaac ^a,b  

^a KAPLAN MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Multiple pregnancy; Neonatal morbidity; Neonatal mortality; Pregnancy complications; Triplets; Twins

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; FETUS; FETUS WASTAGE; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY REDUCTION; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; NEWBORN CARE; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; PERINATAL MORTALITY; PREGNANCY TERMINATION; PREMATURE LABOR; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURVIVAL RATE; TWIN PREGNANCY;

EID: 3543115528     PISSN: 15216934     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.04.014     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Blickstein I. Spontaneous and induced triplets In Keith L.G. & Blickstein I. (eds.), Triplet Pregnancies and their Consequences 2002 9-16 The Parthenon Publishing Group New York
2. Blickstein I. Keith L.G. Outcome of triplets and higher order multiple pregnancies Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 15 2003 113-117
3. MacDorman M.F. Minino A.M. Strobino D.M. Guyer B. Annual summary of vital statistics - 2001 Pediatrics 110 2002 1037-1052
4. Alexander G.R. Kogan M. Martin J. Papiernik E. What are the fetal growth patterns of singletons, twins, and triplets in the United States? Clinical Obstetric and Gynecology 41 1998 114-125
5. Ventura S.J. Martin J.A. Curtin S.C. et al. Births: final data for 1998 National Vital Statistics Report 28 2000 1-100
6. Martin J.A. Curtin S.A. Saulnier M.L. Mousavi J. The Matched Multiple Birth File CD-ROM Series 21, No. 12 2000 US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
7. Keith L.G. Oleszczuk J.J. Triplet births in the United States. An epidemic of high-risk pregnancies Journal of Reproductive Medicine 47 2002 259-265
8. Vohr B.R. Wright L.L. Dusick A.M. et al. Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994 Pediatrics 105 2000 1216-1226
9. Blickstein I. Jacques D.L. Keith L.G. The odds of delivering one, two or three extremely low birth weight (<1000 g) triplet infants Journal of Perinatal Medicine 30 2002 359-363
10. Blickstein I. Goldman R.D. Mazkereth R. Risk for one or two very low birth weight twins: a population study Obstetrics and Gynecology 96 2000 400-402
11. Hack M. Willson-Costello D. Friedman H. et al. Neurodevelopment and predictors of outcomes of children with birth weights of less than 1000 g Archives of Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine 154 2000 725-731
12. Zhang J. Meikle S. Grainger D.A. Trumble A. Multifetal pregnancy in older women and perinatal outcome Fertility and Sterility 78 2002 562-568
13. Blickstein I. Keith L.G. Aging, twinning, and perinatal outcome Fertility and Sterility 79 2003 661
14. Blickstein I. Jacques D.L. The Maria triplet database: 1988-2000 In Keith L.G. & Blickstein I. (Eds.), Triplet pregnancies and their consequences 2000 267-291 The Parthenon Publishing Group New York
15. Luke B. Bryan E. Sweetland C. et al. Prenatal weight gain and the birth weight of triplets Acta Geneticae Medicae et Germellologiae 44 1995 81-91
16. Luke B. Nugent van de Van C. et al. The association between maternal factors and perinatal outcomes in triplet pregnancies American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187 2002 752-757
17. Luke B. Maternal Nutrition In Newman R.B. & Luke B. (eds.) Multifetal Pregnancy 2000 192-219 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia
18. Blickstein I, Rhea DJ, Keith LG. The likelihood of adverse outcomes in triplet pregnancies estimated by pre-gravid maternal characteristics. Fertility and Sterility 2004 81 1079-1082
19. La Sala G.B. Dessanti L. Nucera G. Sartori F. Venturini A. Villani M.T. Nicoli A. Incerti L. Anceshi E. Balasini M. Bonaretti E. The outcome of pregnancies following ART Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multiple Pregnancy, Villasimius/Cagliari; 2003 61-66
20. Keith L.G. Blickstein I. Triplet pregnancies and their consequences 2002 The Parthenon Publishing Group New York
21. Blickstein I. Keith L.G. The epidemic of multiple pregnancies Postgraduate Obstetrics and Gynecology 21 2001 1-7
22. Blickstein I. Keith L.G. (Eds.), Iatrogenic multiple pregnancy: clinical implications 2001 The Parthenon Publishing Group New York
23. Chervenak F.A. McCullough L.B. Wapner R. Three ethically justified indications for selective termination in multifetal pregnancy: a practical and comprehensive management strategy Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 12 1995 531-536
24. Evans M.I. Johnson M.P. Quintero R.A. Fletcher J.C. Ethical issues surrounding multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective termination Clinical Perinatology 23 1996 437-451
25. Lipitz S. Reichman B. Uval J. Shalev J. Achiron R. Barkai G. Lusky A. Mashiach S. A prospective comparison of the outcome of triplet pregnancies managed expectantly or by multifetal reduction to twins American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 170 1994 874-879
26. Evans M.I. Wapner R.J. Ayoub M.A. Shalhoub A.G. Feldman B. Yaron Y. Spontaneous abortions in couples declining multifetal pregnancy reduction Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 17 2002 343-346
27. Yaron Y. Bryant-Greenwood P.K. Dave N. Moldenhauer J.S. Kramer R.L. Johnson M.P. Evans M.I. Multifetal pregnancy reductions of triplets to twins: comparison with nonreduced triplets and twins American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 180 1999 1268-1271
28. Leondires M.P. Ernst S.D. Miller B.T. Scott R.T. Jr. Triplets: outcomes of expectant management versus multifetal reduction for 127 pregnancies American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 183 2000 454-459
29. Boulot P. Vignal J. Vergnes C. et al. Multifetal reduction of triplets to twins: a prospective comparison of pregnancy outcome Human Reproduction 15 2001 1619-1623
30. Evans M.I. Dommergues M. Wapner R.J. et al. International, collaborative experience of 1789 patients having multifetal pregnancy reduction: a plateauing of risks and outcomes Journal of the Society of Gynecological Investigation 3 1996 23-26
31. Imaizumi Y. Perinatal mortality in triplet births in Japan: time trends and factors influencing mortality Twin Research 6 2003 1-6
32. Imaizumi Y. Perinatal mortality in twins and factors influencing mortality in Japan, 1980-98 Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 15 2001 298-305
33. Joseph K.S. Marcoux S. Ohlsson A. et al. Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Preterm birth, stillbirth and infant mortality among triplet births in Canada, 1985-96 Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 16 2002 141-148
34. Skrablin S. Kuvacic I. Kalafatic D. et al. Perinatal care improves the outcome of triplets European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 104 2002 26-31
35. Kogan M.D. Alexander G.R. Kotelchuck M. et al. Trends in twin birth outcomes and prenatal care utilization in the United States, 1981-1997 Journal of the American Medical Association 19 2000 335-341
36. Luke B. Keith L.G. The contribution of singletons, twins and triplets to low birth weight, infant mortality and handicap in the United States Journal of Reproductive Medicine 37 1992 661-666
37. Shinwell E.S. Blickstein I. Lusky A. Reichman B. Excess risk of mortality in very low birthweight triplets: a national, population based study Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal Neonatal Edition 88 2003 F36-F40
38. Blickstein I. Cerebral palsy in mutifetal pregnancies Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 44 2002 352-355
39. Blickstein I. Is it possible to reduce the incidence of neurological complications in multiple pregnancies ? In Carrera J.M. Chervenak F.A. & Kurjak A. (eds.), Controversies in Perinatal Medicine. Studies on the Fetus as a Patient 2003 161-169 The Parthenon Publishing Group New York
40. Petterson B. Nelson K.B. Watson L. Stanley F. Twins, triplets, and cerebral palsy in births in Western Australia in the 1980s British Medical Journal 307 1993 1239-1243
41. Pharoah P.O.D. Cooke T. Cerebral palsy and multiple births Archives of Disease in Childhood 75 1996 F174-F177
42. Javier Laplaza F. Root L. Tassanawipas A. Cervera P. Cerebral palsy in twins Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 34 1992 1053-1063
43. Rydhstrom H. Ingemarsson I. Prognosis and long-term follow-up of a twin after antenatal death of the co-twin Journal of Reproductive Medicine 38 1993 142-146
44. Imaizumi Y. A comparative study of zygotic twinning and triplet rates in eight countries, 1972-1999 Journal of Biosocial Sciences 35 2003 287-302
45. Blickstein I. Jones C. Keith L.G. Zygotic splitting rates following single embryo transfers in in-vitro fertilization: a population-based study New England Journal of Medicine 348 2003 2366-2367
46. Dodd J.M. Crowther C.A. Reduction of the number of fetuses for women with triplet and higher order multiple pregnancies (Cochrane Review) Cochrane Database Systematic Review 2 2003 CD003932
47. Lipitz S. Reichman B. Paret G. et al. The improving outcome of triplet pregnancies American Journal of Obsteterics and Gynecology 161 1989 1279-1284
48. Sassoon D.A. Castro L.C. Davis J.L. Hobel C.J. Perinatal outcome in triplet versus twin gestations Obsteterics and Gynecology 75 1990 817-820
49. Papiernik E. Grange G. Zeitlin J. Should multifetal pregnancy reduction be used for prevention of preterm deliveries in triplet or higher order multiple pregnancies? Journal of Perinatal Medicine 26 1998 365-370
50. Kaufman G.E. Malone F.D. Harvey-Wilkes K.B. et al. Neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with triplet pregnancy Obsteterics and Gynecology 91 1998 342-348
51. Kadhel P. Olivennes F. Fernandez H. et al. Are there still obstetric and perinatal benefits for selective embryo reduction of triplet pregnancies? Human Reproduction 13 1998 3555-3559
52. Angel J.L. Kalter C.S. Morales W.J. et al. Aggressive perinatal care for high-order multiple gestations: does good perinatal outcome justify aggressive assisted reproductive techniques? American Journal of Obsteterics and Gynecology 181 1999 253-259
53. Leondires M.P. Ernst S.D. Miller B.T. Scott R.T. Jr Triplets: outcomes of expectant management versus multifetal reduction for 127 pregnancies American Journal of Obsteterics and Gynecology 183 2000 454-459
54. Ziadeh S.M. The outcome of triplet versus twin pregnancies Gynecologic and Obstetrical Investigation 50 2000 96-99
55. Devine P.C. Malone F.D. Athanassiou A. et al. Maternal and neonatal outcome of 100 consecutive triplet pregnancies American Journal of Perinatology 18 2001 225-235
56. Ballabh P. Kumari J. AlKouatly H.B. et al. Neonatal outcome of triplet versus twin and singleton pregnancies: a matched case control study European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 107 2003 28-36