메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 387-397

Structural phenology of the leaf community in the canopy of a Liriodendron tulipifera L. forest in Maryland, USA

Author keywords

Canopy cover; Foliage height profile; Leaf area index; Spring ephemerals

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; COASTAL ZONES; DYNAMICS;

EID: 3543026348     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0001961601 scopus 로고
    • A method for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests
    • ABER, J.D. 1978. A method for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests. J. Ecol. 67:35-40.
    • (1978) J. Ecol. , vol.67 , pp. 35-40
    • Aber, J.D.1
  • 2
    • 0003104848 scopus 로고
    • Foliage-height profiles and succession in Northern Hardwood forest
    • ABER, J.D. 1979. Foliage-height profiles and succession in Northern Hardwood forest. Ecology 60:18-23.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 18-23
    • Aber, J.D.1
  • 3
    • 0002019975 scopus 로고
    • Scaling water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange from leaves to a canopy: Rules and tools
    • Ehleringer, J.R., and C.B. Field (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • BALDOCCHI, D.D. 1993. Scaling water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange from leaves to a canopy: Rules and tools. P. 77-114 in Scaling physiological processes - Leaf to globe, Ehleringer, J.R., and C.B. Field (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1993) Scaling Physiological Processes - Leaf to Globe , pp. 77-114
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1
  • 4
    • 0034808325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods to assess tropical rain forest canopy structure: An overview
    • BONGERS, F. 2001. Methods to assess tropical rain forest canopy structure: an overview. Plant Ecol. 153:263-277.
    • (2001) Plant Ecol. , vol.153 , pp. 263-277
    • Bongers, F.1
  • 5
    • 0000022123 scopus 로고
    • Growing back after hurricanes
    • BOUCHER, D.H. 1990. Growing back after hurricanes. BioScience 40:163-166.
    • (1990) BioScience , vol.40 , pp. 163-166
    • Boucher, D.H.1
  • 6
    • 0026364697 scopus 로고
    • Forest structure before and after Hurricane Hugo at three elevations in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico
    • BROKAW, N.V.L., AND J.S. GREAR. 1991. Forest structure before and after Hurricane Hugo at three elevations in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:386-392.
    • (1991) Biotropica , vol.23 , pp. 386-392
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1    Grear, J.S.2
  • 7
    • 0002900708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical structure
    • Hunter, M.L., Jr. (ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • BROKAW, N.V.L., AND R.A. LENT. 1998. Vertical structure. P. 373-399 in Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems, Hunter, M.L., Jr. (ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    • (1998) Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems , pp. 373-399
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1    Lent, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 0028163785 scopus 로고
    • Canopy light transmittance in a chronosequence of mixed-species deciduous forests
    • BROWN, M.J., AND G.G. PARKER. 1994. Canopy light transmittance in a chronosequence of mixed-species deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1694-1703.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1694-1703
    • Brown, M.J.1    Parker, G.G.2
  • 9
    • 0028165726 scopus 로고
    • A survey of ultraviolet-B radiation in forests
    • BROWN, M.J., G.G. PARKER, AND N. POSNER. 1994. A survey of ultraviolet-B radiation in forests. J. Ecol. 82:843-853.
    • (1994) J. Ecol. , vol.82 , pp. 843-853
    • Brown, M.J.1    Parker, G.G.2    Posner, N.3
  • 10
    • 0003005571 scopus 로고
    • The natural forests of Maryland: An explanation of the vegetation map of Maryland
    • BRUSH, G.S., C. LENK, AND J. SMITH. 1980. The natural forests of Maryland: An explanation of the vegetation map of Maryland. Ecol. Monogr. 50:77-92.
    • (1980) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.50 , pp. 77-92
    • Brush, G.S.1    Lenk, C.2    Smith, J.3
  • 11
    • 0002577741 scopus 로고
    • Phenology of canopy trees of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico
    • BULLOCK, S.H., AND J.A. SOLIS-MAGALLANES. 1990. Phenology of canopy trees of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. Biotropica 22:22-35.
    • (1990) Biotropica , vol.22 , pp. 22-35
    • Bullock, S.H.1    Solis-Magallanes, J.A.2
  • 12
    • 0002569603 scopus 로고
    • Forest stand responses to defoliation by the gypsy moth
    • CAMPBELL, R.W., AND R.J. SLOAN. 1977. Forest stand responses to defoliation by the gypsy moth. For. Sci. Monogr. 16:1-34.
    • (1977) For. Sci. Monogr. , vol.16 , pp. 1-34
    • Campbell, R.W.1    Sloan, R.J.2
  • 14
    • 0025948689 scopus 로고
    • Developmental ecology of mayapple: Effects of rhizome severing, fertilization, and timing of shoot senescence
    • DEKROON, H., D.F. WHIGHAM, AND M.A. WATSON. 1991. Developmental ecology of mayapple: Effects of rhizome severing, fertilization, and timing of shoot senescence. Funct. Ecol. 5:360-368.
    • (1991) Funct. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 360-368
    • DeKroon, H.1    Whigham, D.F.2    Watson, M.A.3
  • 16
    • 0035866104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic consequences of leaf presence in the eastern United States
    • FITZJARRALD, D.R., O.A. ACEVEDO, AND K.E. MOORE. 2001. Climatic consequences of leaf presence in the eastern United States. J. Climate 14:598-614.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 598-614
    • Fitzjarrald, D.R.1    Acevedo, O.A.2    Moore, K.E.3
  • 17
    • 0000873142 scopus 로고
    • The leaf canopy of a coppiced deciduous woodland. I. Development and structure
    • FORD, E.D., AND P.J. NEWBOULD. 1971. The leaf canopy of a coppiced deciduous woodland. I. Development and structure. J. Ecol. 59:843-862.
    • (1971) J. Ecol. , vol.59 , pp. 843-862
    • Ford, E.D.1    Newbould, P.J.2
  • 18
    • 0001787588 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of boundary conditions affecting forest environmental phenomena
    • Hutchison, B.A., and B.B. Hicks (eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • FRITSCHEN, L.J. 1985. Characterization of boundary conditions affecting forest environmental phenomena. P. 3-23 in The forest-atmosphere interaction, Hutchison, B.A., and B.B. Hicks (eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1985) The Forest-atmosphere Interaction , pp. 3-23
    • Fritschen, L.J.1
  • 20
    • 0003455182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Golden Software, Inc., Golden, CO
    • GOLDEN SOFTWARE, INC. 1999. Surfer user's guide. Golden Software, Inc., Golden, CO.
    • (1999) Surfer User's Guide
  • 21
    • 0034986456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser altimetry canopy height profiles: Methods and validation for closed-canopy, broadleaved forests
    • HARDING, D., M.A. LEFSKY, G.G. PARKER, AND B. BLAIR. 2001. Laser altimetry canopy height profiles: Methods and validation for closed-canopy, broadleaved forests. Remote Sens. Environ. 76:283-297.
    • (2001) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.76 , pp. 283-297
    • Harding, D.1    Lefsky, M.A.2    Parker, G.G.3    Blair, B.4
  • 22
    • 0022173670 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data
    • JUSTICE, C.O., J.R.G. TOWNSHEND, B.N. HOLBEN, AND C.J. TUCKER. 1985. Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 6:1271-1318.
    • (1985) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.6 , pp. 1271-1318
    • Justice, C.O.1    Townshend, J.R.G.2    Holben, B.N.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 23
    • 0000525482 scopus 로고
    • Leaf phenology as an optimal strategy for carbon gain in plants
    • KIKUZAWA, K. 1995. Leaf phenology as an optimal strategy for carbon gain in plants. Can. J. Bot. 73:158-163.
    • (1995) Can. J. Bot. , vol.73 , pp. 158-163
    • Kikuzawa, K.1
  • 24
    • 0002456497 scopus 로고
    • Autumn coloration, photosynthetic performance and leaf development of deciduous broad-leaved trees in relation to forest succession
    • KOIKE, T. 1990. Autumn coloration, photosynthetic performance and leaf development of deciduous broad-leaved trees in relation to forest succession. Tree Physiol. 7:21-32.
    • (1990) Tree Physiol. , vol.7 , pp. 21-32
    • Koike, T.1
  • 25
    • 0021537487 scopus 로고
    • Why do temperate deciduous forest trees leaf out at different times? Adaptation and ecology of forest communities
    • LECHOWICZ, M.J. 1984. Why do temperate deciduous forest trees leaf out at different times? Adaptation and ecology of forest communities. Am. Nat. 124:821-842.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 821-842
    • Lechowicz, M.J.1
  • 26
    • 0028794190 scopus 로고
    • Seasonality of flowering and fruiting in temperate forest trees
    • LECHOWICZ, M.J. 1995. Seasonality of flowering and fruiting in temperate forest trees. Can. J. Bot. 73:175-182.
    • (1995) Can. J. Bot. , vol.73 , pp. 175-182
    • Lechowicz, M.J.1
  • 27
    • 0003095297 scopus 로고
    • Phenology in productivity studies
    • Reichle, D.E. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY
    • LIETH, H.H. 1973. Phenology in productivity studies. P. 29-46 in Analysis of temperate forest ecosystems, Reichle, D.E. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
    • (1973) Analysis of Temperate Forest Ecosystems , pp. 29-46
    • Lieth, H.H.1
  • 28
    • 0242403330 scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA
    • LULL, M.W. 1968. A forest atlas of the northeast. USDA Forest Service. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA. 46 p.
    • (1968) A Forest Atlas of the Northeast
    • Lull, M.W.1
  • 29
    • 0000360488 scopus 로고
    • Foliage profile by vertical measurements
    • MACARTHUR, R.H., AND H.S. HORN. 1969. Foliage profile by vertical measurements. Ecology 50:802-804.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 802-804
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Horn, H.S.2
  • 30
    • 0034509556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's "up?" A critical look at the basic terms of canopy biology
    • MOFFET, M.W. 2000. What's "up?" A critical look at the basic terms of canopy biology. Biotropica 32:569-596.
    • (2000) Biotropica , vol.32 , pp. 569-596
    • Moffet, M.W.1
  • 31
    • 0000358033 scopus 로고
    • Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain
    • MONTEITH, J.L. 1977. Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), Series B. 281:277-294.
    • (1977) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), Series B , vol.281 , pp. 277-294
    • Monteith, J.L.1
  • 32
    • 0002923082 scopus 로고
    • Structure and microclimate of forest canopies
    • Lowman, M., and N. Nadkarni (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • PARKER, G.G. 1995. Structure and microclimate of forest canopies. P. 73-106 in Forest canopies - A review of research on a biological frontier, Lowman, M., and N. Nadkarni (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1995) Forest Canopies - A Review of Research on a Biological Frontier , pp. 73-106
    • Parker, G.G.1
  • 33
    • 0024880608 scopus 로고
    • Vertical profile and canopy organization in a mixed deciduous forest
    • PARKER, G.G., J.P. O'NEILL, AND D. HIGMAN. 1989. Vertical profile and canopy organization in a mixed deciduous forest. Vegetatio 89:1-12.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.89 , pp. 1-12
    • Parker, G.G.1    O'Neill, J.P.2    Higman, D.3
  • 35
    • 0003392115 scopus 로고
    • University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA
    • PYNE, S.J. 1982. Fire in America. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 654 p.
    • (1982) Fire in America
    • Pyne, S.J.1
  • 36
    • 0022169049 scopus 로고
    • Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants
    • RATHCKE, B., AND E.P. LACEY. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16:179-214.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.16 , pp. 179-214
    • Rathcke, B.1    Lacey, E.P.2
  • 37
    • 0030985215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting leaf area and surface resistance during transition seasons
    • SAKAI, R.K., D.R. FITZJARRALD, AND K.E. MOORE. 1997. Detecting leaf area and surface resistance during transition seasons. Agric. For. Meteor. 84:273-284.
    • (1997) Agric. For. Meteor. , vol.84 , pp. 273-284
    • Sakai, R.K.1    Fitzjarrald, D.R.2    Moore, K.E.3
  • 40
    • 0028078286 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring global change with phenology: The case of the spring green wave
    • SCHWARTZ, M.D. 1994. Monitoring global change with phenology: The case of the spring green wave. Intern. J. Biometeor. 38:18-22.
    • (1994) Intern. J. Biometeor. , vol.38 , pp. 18-22
    • Schwartz, M.D.1
  • 41
    • 0035745489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting energy-balance modifications at the onset of spring
    • SCHWARTZ, M.D., AND T.M. CRAWFORD. 2002. Detecting energy-balance modifications at the onset of spring. Phys. Geogr. 22:394-409.
    • (2002) Phys. Geogr. , vol.22 , pp. 394-409
    • Schwartz, M.D.1    Crawford, T.M.2
  • 42
    • 0024905209 scopus 로고
    • Costs of flower and fruit production in Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae)
    • SNOW, A.S., AND D.F. WHIGHAM. 1989. Costs of flower and fruit production in Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae). Ecology 70:1286-1293.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1286-1293
    • Snow, A.S.1    Whigham, D.F.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0028973845 scopus 로고
    • The responses of species to climate over two centuries: An analysis of the Marsham phenological record, 1736-1947
    • SPARKS, T.H., AND P. CAREY. 1995. The responses of species to climate over two centuries: An analysis of the Marsham phenological record, 1736-1947. J. Ecol. 83:321-329.
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.83 , pp. 321-329
    • Sparks, T.H.1    Carey, P.2
  • 45
    • 0001688291 scopus 로고
    • Phenodynamics of production in a mesic deciduous forest
    • Lieth, H.H. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY
    • TAYLOR, F.G., JR. 1974. Phenodynamics of production in a mesic deciduous forest. P. 237-254 in Phenology and seasonality modeling, Lieth, H.H. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
    • (1974) Phenology and Seasonality Modeling , pp. 237-254
    • Taylor Jr., F.G.1
  • 46
    • 0344677985 scopus 로고
    • The importance of predation and small-scale disturbance to two woodland herb species
    • Werger, M.J.A., P.J.M. van der Aart, H.J. During, and J.T.A. Verhoeven (eds.), SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands
    • WHIGHAM, D.F., AND J. O'NEILL. 1988. The importance of predation and small-scale disturbance to two woodland herb species. P. 243-252 in Plant form and vegetation structure, Werger, M.J.A., P.J.M. van der Aart, H.J. During, and J.T.A. Verhoeven (eds.), SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.
    • (1988) Plant Form and Vegetation Structure , pp. 243-252
    • Whigham, D.F.1    O'Neill, J.2
  • 47
    • 84995106438 scopus 로고
    • The role of tree gaps in maintaining the population structure of a woodland herb: Cynoglossum virginianum L.
    • WHIGHAM, D.F., J. O'NEILL, AND M. CIPOLLINI. 1993. The role of tree gaps in maintaining the population structure of a woodland herb: Cynoglossum virginianum L. Plant Sp. Biol. 8:107-115.
    • (1993) Plant Sp. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 107-115
    • Whigham, D.F.1    O'Neill, J.2    Cipollini, M.3
  • 49
    • 0034707758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and inter-annual variability of energy fluxes over a broadleaved temperate deciduous forest in North America
    • WILSON, K.B., AND D.D. BALDOCCHI. 2000. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of energy fluxes over a broadleaved temperate deciduous forest in North America. Agric. For. Meteor. 100:1-18.
    • (2000) Agric. For. Meteor. , vol.100 , pp. 1-18
    • Wilson, K.B.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.