Evolution of embryonic growth in thamnophiine snakes

Copeia

Volumn , Issue 3, 1998, Pages 549-558

  Velhagen Jr , William A ^a,c   Savitzky, Aian H ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLUBRIDAE; SERPENTES; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 3542999238     PISSN: 00458511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1447785     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. ALBERCH, P., S. J. GOULD, G. F. OSTER, AND D. B. WAKE. 1979. Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology 5:296-317.
2. BARDSLEY, W. G., R. A. ACKERMAN, N. A. S. BUKHARI, D. C. DEEMING, AND M. W. J. FERGUSON. 1995. Mathematical models for growth in alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) embryos developing at different incubation temperatures. J. Anat. 187:181-190.
3. BURGER, J., R. T. ZAPPALORTI, AND M GOCHFELD. 1987. Developmental effects of incubation temperature on hatchling pine snakes Pituophis melanoleucus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 87:727-732.
4. CLARK, H. 1937. Embryonic growth series in snakes. Science 85:569-570.
5. DE QUEIROZ, A., AND R. LAWSON. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships of the garter snakes based on DNA sequence and allozyme variation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 53:209-229.
6. DMI'EL, R. 1970. Growth and metabolism in snake embryos. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 23:761-772.
7. DOWLING, H. G., AND L. R. MAXSON. 1990. Genetic and taxonomic relations of the short-tailed snakes, genus Stilosoma. J. Zool. Lond. 221:77-85
8. ERNST, C. H., AND R. W. BALFOUR. 1989. Snakes of Eastern North America. George Mason Univ. Press, Fairfax, VA.
9. FITCH, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. Univ. of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence.
10. FRANKLIN, M. A. 1945. The embryonic appearance of centres of ossification in the bones of snakes. Copeia 1945:68-72.
11. GERMAN, R. Z., AND L. L. MEYERS. 1989. The role of time and size in ontogenetic allometry. I. Review. Growth Develop. Aging 53:101-106.
12. GUTZKE, W. H. N., AND G. C. PACKARD. 1987. Influence of the hydric and thermal environments on eggs and hatchlings of bull snakes Pituophis melanoleucus. Physiol. Zool. 60:9-17.
13. HACKENBROCK, C. R., AND M. FINSTER. 1963. Fluothane: a rapid and safe inhalation anesthetic for poisonous snakes. Copeia 1963:440-441.
14. HALUSKA, F., AND P. ALBERCH. 1983. The cranial development of Elaphe obsoleta (Ophidia, Colubridae). J. Morph. 178:37-55.
15. HOLTZMAN, D. A., AND M. HALPERN. 1989. In vitro technique for studying garter snake (Thamnophis sp.) development. J. Exp. Zool. 250:283-288.
16. KLYMKOWSKY, M. W., AND J. HANKEN. 1991. Wholemount staining of Xenopus and other vertebrates. Methods Cell Biol. 36:420-441.
17. LAWSON, R. 1985. Molecular studies of thamnophiine snakes. Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
18. _. 1986. Molecular systematics of some old world natricine snakes, p. 227-234. In: Studies in herpetology. Z. Rocek (ed.). Charles Univ., Prague, Czech Republic.
19. _. 1987. Molecular studies of thamnophiine snakes: 1. The phylogeny of the genus Nerodia. J. Herpetol. 21:140-157.
20. MADDISON, W. P., AND D. R. MADDISON. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phlogeny and character evolution. Vers. 3.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
21. MILLER, J. D. 1985. Criteria for staging reptilian embryos, p. 305-310. In: Biology of Australasian frogs and reptiles. G. Grigg, R. Shine, and H. Ehmann (eds.). Surry Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, Australia.
22. SCHWARTZ, J. M., G. F. MCCRACKEN, AND G. M. BURGHARDT. 1989. Multiple paternity in wild populations of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25:269-273.
23. STEWART, J. R. 1992. Placental structure and nutritional provision to embryos in predominantly lecithotrophic viviparous reptiles. Am. Zool. 32:303-312.
24. VELHAGEN, W. A. 1995. A comparative study of cranial development in the thamnophiine snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae). Unpubl. Ph.D. diss., Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
25. VINEGAR, A. 1973. The effects of temperature on the growth and development of the Indian python, Python molurus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Boidae). Copeia 1973:171-173.
26. ZEHR, D. R. 1962. Stages in the normal development of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtails. Ibid. 1962:322-329.