America's policy toward East Asia: How it looks from Japan

Asian Survey

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 584-600

  Rosenbluth, Frances ^a   Saito, Jun ^b   Zinn, Annalisa ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Article IX; Electoral rules; Japanese foreign policy; Japanese nationalism; Japanese public opinion

Indexed keywords

BILATERAL AGREEMENT; FOREIGN POLICY; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; MILITARY INTERVENTION; NATIONAL POLITICS; NATIONAL SECURITY; PUBLIC ATTITUDE; SECURITY THREAT;

ASIA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; JAPAN; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 35348986556     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: 1533838X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.2007.47.4.584     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Katzenstein and Keohane make a useful distinction between liberal anti-Americanism, which one finds in countries like England or Japan where people are disappointed with America's apparent deviation from old American ideals of freedom and humanity, and sovereign-nationalist anti-Americanism in places like China and the Middle East. In these, the basis of antipathy is a much deeper difference over the old values themselves. See Peter Katzenstein and Robert Keohane, Anti-Americanisms in World Politics (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006).
2. The opinion polls can be found in "Bei eno Shisen ni Ondosa: Nihon Kankoku Chugoku Amerika Yon-kakoku Yoron Chōsa" [Differing views of the United States: Opinion polls from Japan, Korea, China, and the United States], Asahi Shimbun [Asahi News], December 25, 2001;
3. "Rekishi Ninshiki, Okina Mizo: Nikkanchu San-kakoku Yoron Chosa" [A big gap in perceptions of history: Opinion polls in Japan, Korea, and China], ibid., April 27, 2005.
4. "Taikoku no Shocho Kotei mo: Nikkanchufutsudoku Rokkakoku Yoronchōsa" [Assertions of great powers: Opinion polls from Japan, Korea, China, the United States, France, and Germany], ibid., August 6, 2005.
5. See Office of the President, Government of Korea, "Address by President Roh Moo-hyun at the National Assembly," April 2, 2003,
6. James C. Hsiung, "The Strategic Triangle: Dynamics between China, Russia, and the United States," Interventionism 46: 1, reprinted in The Harvard International Review 26:1 (Spring 2004),
7. Tony Karon, "Bush China Policy Defaults to Engagement," Time, July 31, 2001, .
8. Robert B. Zoellick, "Whither China? From Membership to Responsibility," remarks to National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, September 21, 2005, New York City, .
9. William Perry, "In Search of a North Korea Policy," washingtonpost.com, August 10, 2006, .
10. The Supreme Court ruling came down in response to one of historian Ienaga Saburo's challenges against the government's censorship of his depiction of Japanese military brutality in the war against China from 1937 to 1945. The court was characteristically diplomatic, agreeing to the ministry's oversight role while urging forbearance.
11. Hisao Ishiyama, "Japanese Textbooks Aren't Getting Much Better," Shukan Kinyobi [Friday Weekly], trans. Richard Minear, reprinted in Japan Focus, August 18, 2003, .
12. The principal author of this new textbook is a former leftist historian who rejected Japan's self-abnegating view of history during a sabbatical year in the U.S. For more about this unapologetic textbook, see the publishing company's webpage at .
13. BBC News, "Textbook Angers Chinese, Korean Press," April 6, 2005, .
14. "Japanese Cabinet Approves 'Patriotic Education' Legislation," Taipei Times, April 29, 2006, .
15. "Seoul-Tokyo Summit to Test Diplomatic Relations," Yonhap News [Seoul], October 4, 2006, .
16. Daniel Widome, "Why Japan's Neighbors Secretly Love the Yasukuni Shrine," New Republic Online, August 30, 2006, .
17. Moses Shayo, "Nation, Class, and Redistribution: Applying Social Identity Research to Political Economy," typescript, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2005.
18. The Soka Gakkai is the lay arm of a Japanese Buddhist sect, Nichiren Soshu. The sect is unusual among Japanese religions, and viewed warily by other groups, for its emphasis on proselytizing.
19. Nine upper house proportional representation (PR) incumbents regularly visit the Yasukuni Shrine in person on August 15; they are endorsed by the Izokukai, Shintoists, and Self-Defense Force affiliates. One PR incumbent sends a proxy. None ofthe remaining 25 PR incumbents sends a proxy or shows up in person.
20. Harvard Professor Harvey Mansfield published a book entitled Manliness (Yale University Press, 2006), celebrating masculine virtues.
21. See Mike Yoshitsu, Japan and the San Francisco Peace Settlement (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982).
22. See Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw Hill, 1979).
23. See Kenneth Waltz, "The Emerging Structure of International Politics," International Security 18:2 (Autumn 1993), pp. 44-79.
24. See John Herz, "Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma," World Politics 20:2 (January 1950), pp. 157-80;
25. and Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in International Relations (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1976).
26. See Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pp. 161-63.
27. See John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton, 2001).
28. For that matter, one might also ask why the Japanese public was not visibly worried about the Soviet threat during the Cold War. The Soviet shooting down of a Korean civilian aircraft in 1983 did not translate in Japanese opinion polls into a desire for a more active security policy.
29. See Toshio Nagahisa, Gēmu Riron no Seiji Keizaigaku: Senkyo Seido to Bōei Seisaku [Game theoretic political economy: Electoral institutions and defense policy] (Tokyo: PHP Kenkyūjo, 1995).
30. See Takashi Inoguchi and Tornoaki Iwai, Zoku Giin no Kenkyu [Research on zoku politicians] (Tokyo: Nihon keizai shimbunsha, 1987).