A stand density management diagram for spruce-balsam fir mixtures in New Brunswick

Forestry Chronicle

Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 187-197

  Swift, Edwin ^a   Penner, Margaret ^b   Gagnon, Rolland ^c   Knox, Jason ^d  

^a LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^b Forest Analysis Ltd   (Canada)

^c JD Irving Limited   (Canada)

^d Southern New Brunswick Wood Co operative Ltd   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acadian Forest Region; Eastern species mixtures; Thinning decisions

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING;

ACADIAN FOREST REGION; EASTERN SPECIES MIXTURES; STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT DIAGRAMS (SDMD); THINNING DECISIONS;

FORESTRY;

DISTURBANCE; EVERGREEN TREE; FOREST PRODUCT; SOFTWARE; THINNING;

ABIES AMABILIS; DECISION MAKING;

CANADA; NEW BRUNSWICK; NORTH AMERICA; NOVA SCOTIA; QUEBEC [CANADA];

ABIES; ABIES BALSAMEA; PICEA; PICEA GLAUCA; PICEA MARIANA; PICEA RUBENS;

EID: 35348962549     PISSN: 00157546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5558/tfc83187-2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Archibald, D.J. and C. Bowling. 1995. Jack pine density management diagram for boreal Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Res. NEST Techn. Note TN-005, NWST TN-31. 20 p.
2. Assman, E. 1970. The principles of forest yield study. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. 506 p.
3. Blum, B.M., J.W. Benzie and E. Merski. 1983. Eastern spruce-fir. In R.M. Burns (comp.). Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States. pp. 128-130. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Hdbk. No. 445.
4. Brissette, J.C. 1996. Effects of intensity and frequency of harvesting on abundance, stocking and composition of natural regeneration in the Acadian Forest of eastern North America. Silva Fenn. 30: 301-314.
5. Burns, R.M., and B.H. Honkala (tech. coords.). 1990. Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2. 877 p.
6. Canadian Woodlands Forum. 1998. Commercial Thinning Workshop II. Does it pay? Workshop Proceedings, Aug. 11-12, 1998. Can. Woodlands Forum, Atlantic Branch, Miramichi, NB. 249 p.
7. Chen, H.Y.H., K. Klinka, A.-H. Mathey, X. Wang, P. Varga and C. Chourmouzis. 2003. Are mixed-species stands more productive than single-species stands: an empirical test of three forest types in British Columbia and Alberta. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 1227-1237.
8. Dean, T.J. and E.J. Jokela. 1992. A density management diagram for slash pine plantations in the lower coastal plain. South. J. Appl. For. 16: 178-185.
9. DeBell, D.S., T.G. Cole and C.D. Whitesell. 1997. Growth, development, and yield in pure and mixed stands of Eucalyptus and Albizia. For. Sci. 43(2): 286-298.
10. Drew, T.Y.J. and J.W. Flewelling. 1979. Stand density management: an alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantations. For. Sci. 25: 518-532.
11. Ecological Classification Working Group. 2003. Our landscape heritage: the story of ecological land classification in New Brunswick. N.B. Dept. Nat. Resour. Energy, Fredericton, NB, CD-Rom Document. ISBNZ 1-55236-220-5.
12. Eyre, F.H. (ed.). 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Soc. Am. For. 148 p.
13. Farnden, C. 2002. Recommendations for constructing stand density management diagrams for the province of Alberta. Min. Sustain. Resour. Devel., Alb. Land and For. Div., For. Mgt. Sec. 17 p.
14. Honer, T.G., M.F. Ker and I.S. Alemdag. 1983. Metric timber tables for the commercial tree species of central and eastern Canada. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv. - Atl. For. Ctr. Inf. Rep. M-X-140. 139 p.
15. Jack, S.B. and J.N. Long. 1996. Linkages between silviculture and ecology: an analysis of density management diagrams. For. Ecol. Mgmt. 86: 205-220.
16. Kelty, M.J. 1992. Comparative productivity of monocultures and mixed-species stands. In M.J. Kelty, B.C. Larson and C.D. Oliver (eds.). The ecology and silviculture of mixed species forests: a festschrift for David M. Smith. pp. 125-141. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.
17. Ker, M. 1981. Early response of balsam fir to spacing in northwestern New Brunswick. Nat.. Res. Can.., Can. For. Serv. - Atl. For. Ctr. Inf. Rep. M-X-129. 36 p.
18. Ker, M. 1987. Effects of spacing on balsam fir: 25-year results from the Green River spacing trials. In T.S. Murray and M.D. Cameron (eds.). Proc. Precommercial Thinning Workshop. March 19, 1987. pp. 58-75. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv.- Atl. For. Ctr., Fredericton, NB.
19. Kohyama, T. 1992. Density-size dynamics of trees simulated by a one-sided competition multi-species model of rain forest stands. Ann. Bot. 70: 451-460.
20. Mitchell, K.J., and J.W. Goudie. 1998. The emperor's new clothes. In C. Bamsey (ed.). Stand density management: planning and implementation. pp. 34-44. Clear Lake Ltd., Edmonton, AB.
21. Newton, P.F. 1997. Stand density management diagrams: review of their development and utility in stand-level management planning. For. Ecol. Mgt. 98: 251-265.
22. Newton, P.F. 2006. Asymptotic size-density relationships within selfthinning black spruce and jack pine stand-typed: parameter estimation and model reformulations. For. Ecol. Mgmt 226(1-3): 49-59.
23. Newton, P.F. and V.G. Smith. 1990. Reformulated self-thinning exponents as applied to black spruce. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 887-893.
24. Newton, P.F. and G.F. Weetman. 1994. Stand density management diagram for black spruce stands. For. Chron. 70: 65-74.
25. Peng, C., L. Zhang and J. Liu. 2001. Developing and validating nonlinear height-diameter models for major tree species of Ontario's boreal forests. North. J. Appl. For. 18: 87-94.
26. Penner, M., E. Swift, R. Gagnon and J. Knox. 2004. A stand density management diagram for spruce in New Brunswick. Fundy Model Forest Report, Sussex, NB. 13 p.
27. Penner, M., D.E. Swift, R. Gagnon and J. Brissette. 2006. A density management diagram for balsam fir in New Brunswick. For. Chron. 82: 700-411.
28. Piene, H. 1982. Timing of spacing operations in young balsam fir. For. Chron. 58: 93-95.
29. Porter, K.B., D.A. MacLean, K.P. Beaton and J. Upshall. 2001. New Brunswick Permanent Sample Plot Database (PSPDB v1.0): User's Guide and Analysis. Nat. Resources. Canada., Can. For. Serv.-Atlantic Forest. Cen. Rep. M-X-209E. 65 p.
30. Pothier, D. 2002. Twenty-year results of precommercial thinning in a balsam fir stand. For. Ecol. Mgt. 168: 177-186.
31. Ritchie, G.A. 1996. Trees of knowledge: a handbook of Maritime trees. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv. - Atl. For. Ctr., Fredericton, NB. 41 p.
32. Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv., Publ. 1300. 172 p.
33. Seymour, R.S. 1992. The red spruce-balsam fir forest of Maine: evolution of silvicultural practice in response to stand development patterns and disturbances. In M.J. Kelty, B.C. Larson and C.D. Oliver (eds.). The ecology and silviculture of mixed species forests: a festschrift for David M. Smith. pp. 217-244. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, UK.
34. Shaw, J.D. 2006. Reineke's stand density index: where are we and where do we go from here? Proceedings: Society of American Foresters 2005 National Convention. October 19-23, 2005. Ft. Worth, TX. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD.
35. Smith, D.J. 1996. Development and field application of density management diagrams and size-density surface models developed for the boreal mixedwood stands of Ontario. Nat. Res. Can., Can. For. Serv. -GLFC NODA/ NFP Tech. Rep. TR-39. 11 p.
36. Smith, D.J., and M.E. Woods. 1997. Red pine and white pine density management diagrams for Ontario. Ont. Min. Nat. Res. Southcentral Sciences Section Tech. Rep. 48. 30 p.
37. Smith, N.J. 1989. A stand-density control diagram for western red cedar, Thuja plicata. For. Ecol. Mgmt. 27: 235-244.
38. Sterba, H. and R.A. Monserud. 1993. The maximum density concept applied to uneven-aged mixed-species stands. For. Sci. 39(3): 432-452.
39. Sturtevant, B.R., J.A. Bissonette and J.N. Long. 1998. Stand density management diagram for mixed balsam fir-black spruce stands. N. J. Appl. For. 15: 17-22.
40. Swift, E. 2003. Development of stand density management diagrams for eastern spruce-balsam fir forests of the Acadian Forest Region: Progress Report for 2002-2003. Fundy Model Forest Report, Sussex, NB. 19 p.
41. Tang, S.Z., F.-R. Meng and C.H. Meng. 1995. The impact of initial stand density and site index on maximum stand density index and self-thinning index in a self-thinning model. For. Ecol. Mgmt. 75: 62-68.
42. Turnblom, E.C. and T.E. Burk. 2000. Modeling self-thinning of unthinned Lake States red pine stands using nonlinear simultaneous differential equations. Can. J. For. Res. 30: 1410-1418.
43. Varmola, M. and H. Salminen. 2004. Timing and intensity of precommercial thinning in Pinus sylvestris stands. Scand. J. For. Res. 19: 142-151.
44. Wagner, R.G., A.F. Egan, W.D. Ostrofsky and R.S. Seymour. 1999. Thinning in the Maine Forest. Conf. Proc., Nov. 15-16, 1999. Univ. Maine, Coop. For. Res. Unit, Orono, Maine. 116 p.
45. Westoby, M. 1984. The self thinning rule. Adv. Ecol. Res. 14: 167-225.
46. Wilson, D.S., R.S. Seymour and D.A. Maguire. 1999. Density management diagrams for northeastern red spruce and balsam fir forests. N. J. Appl. For. 16: 48-56.
47. Woods, M.E. 1999. Density management diagrams...tools and uses. In C. Bamsey (ed.). Stand density management: using planning tools. pp. 27-33. Clear Water Ltd., Edmonton, AB.