Binocular contrast interactions: Dichoptic masking is not a single process

Vision Research

Volumn 47, Issue 24, 2007, Pages 3096-3107

  Baker, Daniel H ^a   Meese, Tim S ^a  

^a ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Binocular summation; Dichoptic masking; Grating contrast; Orientation; Phase; Spatial frequency

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BINOCULAR VISION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PARAMETER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS MODEL; SPATIAL ORIENTATION; SPATIAL SUMMATION; VISUAL MASKING; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ADULT; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHOMETRICS; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 35348943893     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.013     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Anderson P.A., and Movshon J.A. Binocular combination of contrast signals. Vision Research 29 (1989) 1115-1132
2. Bacon J.H. The interaction of dichoptically presented spatial gratings. Vision Research 16 (1976) 337-344
3. Baker D.H., Meese T.S., and Georgeson M.A. Models of binocular contrast discrimination predict binocular contrast matching. Spatial Vision 20 (2007) 397-413
4. Baker D.H., Meese T.S., and Summers R.J. Psychophysical evidence for two routes to suppression before binocular summation of signals in human vision. Neuroscience 146 (2007) 435-448
5. Baker D.H., Meese T.S., Mansouri B., and Hess R.F. Monoptic, dichoptic and binocular masking in strabismic amblyopia. Perception 36 (2007) 302
6. Baker D.H., Meese T.S., Patel K., and Sarwar W. Interocular suppression is scale invariant, but ipsiocular suppression is weighted by flicker speed. Perception 36 S (2007) 60 ECVP abstract
7. Bergen J.R., Wilson H.R., and Cowan J.D. Further evidence forSaw four mechanisms mediating vision at threshold: Sensitivities to complex gratings and aperiodic stimuli. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 69 (1979) 1580-1587
8. Blake, R. (2004). Blake Lab Stereoscopes. http://psych-s1.psy.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/blaker/Stereoscope/stereoscope.html.
9. Blake R., and Levinson E. Spatial properties of binocular neurones in the human visual system. Experimental Brain Research 27 (1977) 221-232
10. Blakemore C. A new kind of stereoscopic vision. Vision Research 10 (1970) 1181-1199
11. Burbeck C.A., and Kelly D.H. Contrast gain measurements and the transient/sustained. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 71 (1981) 1335-1342
12. Campbell F., and Green D.G. Monocular versus binocular visual acuity. Nature 208 (1965) 191-192
13. Chirimuuta M., and Tolhurst D.J. Does a Bayesian model of V1 contrast coding offer a neurophysiological account of human contrast discrimination?. Vision Research 45 (2005) 2943-2959
14. Cormack L.K., Stevenson S.B., and Landers D.D. Interactions of spatial frequency and unequal monocular contrasts in stereopsis. Perception 26 (1997) 1121-1136
15. Cornsweet T.N. The staircase-method in psychophysics. American Journal of Psychology 75 (1962) 485-491
16. DeAngelis G.C., Freeman R.D., and Ohzawa I. Length and width tuning of neurons in the cat's primary visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 71 (1994) 347-374
17. Ding J., and Sperling G. A gain-control theory of binocular combination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (2006) 1141-1146
18. Duong T., and Freeman R.D. Spatial frequency specific contrast adaptation originates in the primary visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 98 (2007) 187-195
19. Eriksen C.W. Independence of successive inputs and uncorrelated error in visual form perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology 72 (1966) 26-35
20. Ferrera V.P., and Wilson H.R. Spatial frequency tuning of transient non-oriented units. Vision Research 25 (1985) 67-72
21. Finney D.J. Probit Analysis (1971), Cambridge University Press
22. Foley J.M. Human luminance pattern-vision mechanisms: Masking experiments require a new model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 11 (1994) 1710-1719
23. Foley J.M., and Chen C.-C. Pattern detection in the presence of maskers that differ in spatial phase and temporal offset: Threshold measurements and a model. Vision Research 39 (1999) 3855-3872
24. Freeman T.C., Durand S., Kiper D.C., and Carandini M. Suppression without inhibition in visual cortex. Neuron 35 (2002) 759-771
25. Georgeson M.A., and Meese T.S. Binocular summation at contrast threshold: A new look. Perception 34 S (2005) 141
26. Georgeson M.A., and Meese T.S. Binocular combination at threshold: Temporal filtering and summation of signals in separate ON and OFF channels. Perception 36 S (2007) 60 ECVP abstract
27. Green M., and Blake R. Phase effects in monoptic and dichoptic temporal integration: Flicker and motion detection. Vision Research 21 (1981) 365-372
28. Halpern D.L., and Blake R.R. How contrast affects stereoacuity. Perception 17 (1988) 483-495
29. Harrad R.A., and Hess R.F. Binocular integration of contrast information in amblyopia. Vision Research 32 (1992) 2135-2150
30. Heeger D.J. Normalization of cell responses in cat striate cortex. Visual Neuroscience 9 (1992) 181-197
31. Hess R.F., Liu C.H., and Wang Y.Z. Differential binocular input and local stereopsis. Vision Research 43 (2003) 2303-2313
32. Hirsch J.A., Martinez L.M., Pillai C., Alonso J.M., Wang Q., and Sommer F.T. Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing. Nature Neuroscience 6 (2003) 1300-1308
33. Howard I.P., and Rogers B.J. Binocular Vision and Stereopsis (1995), Oxford University Press, Oxford
34. Itti L., Koch C., and Braun J. Revisiting spatial vision: Toward a unifying model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 17 (2000) 1899-1917
35. Kertesz A.E., and Jones R.W. Human cyclofusional response. Vision Research 10 (1970) 891-896
36. Kontsevich L.L., and Tyler C.W. Analysis of stereothresholds for stimuli below 2.5 c/deg. Vision Research 17 (1994) 2317-2329
37. Kontsevich L.L., Chen C.C., and Tyler C.W. Separating the effects of response nonlinearity and internal noise psychophysically. Vision Research 42 (2002) 1771-1784
38. Legge G.E. Spatial frequency masking in human vision: Binocular interactions. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 69 (1979) 838-847
39. Legge G.E. Binocular contrast summation-i. Detection and discrimination. Vision Research 24 (1984) 373-383
40. Legge G.E., and Gu Y.C. Stereopsis and contrast. Vision Research 29 (1989) 989-1004
41. Lehky S.R. Temporal properties of visual channels measured by masking. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2 (1985) 1260-1272
42. Levi D.M., Harwerth R.S., and Smith III E.L. Humans deprived of normal binocular vision have binocular interactions tuned to size and orientation. Science 206 (1979) 852-854
43. Levi D.M., Harwerth R.S., and Smith III E.L. Binocular interactions in normal and anomalous binocular vision. Documenta Ophthalmologica 49 (1980) 303-324
44. Li B., Peterson M.R., Thompson J.K., Duong T., and Freeman R.D. Cross-orientation suppression: Monoptic and dichoptic mechanisms are different. Journal of Neurophysiology 94 (2005) 1645-1650
45. Macknik S.L., and Martinez-Conde S. Dichoptic visual masking reveals that early binocular neurons exhibit weak interocular suppression: Implications for binocular vision and visual awareness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16 (2004) 1049-1059
46. Martinez L.M., Wang Q., Reid R.C., Pillai C., Alonso J.M., Sommer F.T., and Hirsch J.A. Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience 8 (2005) 372-379
47. McIlhagga W., and Peterson R. Sinusoid = light bar + dark bar?. Vision Research 46 (2006) 1934-1945
48. Medina J., Meese T.S., and Mullen K. Cross-orientation masking in the red-green isoluminant and luminance systems. Journal of Vision 7 9 (2007) 257a Abstract 257 (VSS)
49. Maehara G., and Goryo K. Binocular, monocular and dichoptic pattern masking. Optical Review 12 (2005) 76-82
50. Mansfield J.S., and Parker A.J. An orientation-tuned component in the contrast masking of stereopsis. Vision Research 33 (1993) 1535-1544
51. Meese T.S., and Hess R.F. Low spatial frequencies are suppressively masked across spatial scale, orientation, field position, and eye of origin. Journal of Vision 4 (2004) 843-859
52. Meese T.S., and Hess R.F. Interocular suppression is gated by interocular feature matching. Vision Research 45 (2005) 9-15
53. Meese T.S., and Holmes D.J. Adaptation and gain pool summation: Alternative models and masking data. Vision Research 42 (2002) 1113-1125
54. Meese T.S., and Holmes D.J. Spatial and temporal dependencies of cross-orientation suppression. Proceeding of Royal Society Series B: Biological Science 274 (2007) 127-136
55. Meese, T.S., & Summers, R.J. (in press). Area summation in human vision at and above detection threshold. Proceeding of Royal Society Series B: Biological Science.
56. Meese T.S., Georgeson M.A., and Baker D.H. Binocular contrast vision at and above threshold. Journal of Vision 6 (2006) 1224-1243
57. Nelder J.A., and Mead R. A simplex method for function minimization. Computer Journal 7 (1965) 308-313
58. Ohzawa I., and Freeman R.D. The binocular organization of simple cells in the cat's visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 56 (1986) 221-242
59. Ohzawa I., Sclar G., and Freeman R.D. Contrast gain-control in the cat's visual-system. Journal of Neurophysiology 54 (1985) 651-667
60. Pelli D.G. Uncertainty explains many aspects of visual contrast detection and discrimination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2 (1985) 1508-1532
61. Phillips G.C., and Wilson H.R. Orientation bandwidths of spatial mechanisms measured by masking. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2 (1984) 226-232
62. Pirenne M.H. Binocular and uniocular threshold of vision. Nature 152 (1943) 698-699
63. Priebe N.J., and Ferster D. Mechanisms underlying cross-orientation suppression in cat visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience 9 (2006) 552-561
64. Read J.C.A., Parker A.J., and Cumming B.G. A simple model accounts for the response of disparity-tuned V1 neurons to anticorrelated images. Visual Neuroscience 19 (2002) 735-753
65. Schor C., and Heckmann T. Interocular differences in contrast and spatial frequency: Effects on stereopsis and fusion. Vision Research 29 (1989) 837-847
66. Sengpiel F., Blakemore C., Kind P.C., and Harrad R. Interocular suppression in the visual cortex of strabismic cats. The Journal of Neuroscience 14 (1994) 6855-6871
67. Sengpiel F., Blakemore C., and Harrad R. Interocular suppression in the primary visual cortex:A possible neural basis of binocular-rivalry. Vision Research 35 (1994) 179-195
68. Sengpiel F., Freeman T.C.B., and Blakemore C. Interocular suppression in cat striate cortex is not orientation selective. Neuroreport 6 (1995) 2235-2239
69. Sengpiel F., and Vorobyov V. Intracortical origins of interocular suppression in the visual cortex. J Neurosci 25 (2005) 6394-6400
70. Sengpiel F., Jirmann K., Vorobyov V., and Eysel U.T. Strabismic suppression is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 16 (2006) 1750-1758
71. Simmons D.R. The minimum contrast requirements for stereopsis. Perception 27 (1998) 1333-1343
72. Simmons D.R. The binocular combination of chromatic contrast. Perception 34 (2005) 1035-1042
73. Smith III E.L., Chino Y.M., Ni J., Riddler III W.H., and Crawford M.L.J. Binocular spatial phase tuning characteristics of neurons in the macaque striate cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 78 (1997) 351-365
74. Smith III E.L., Chino Y., Ni J., and Cheng H. Binocular combination of contrast signals by straite cortical neurons in the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 78 (1997) 366-382
75. Solomon J.A. Intrinsic uncertainty explains second responses. Spatial Vision 20 (2007) 45-60
76. Truchard A.M., Ohzawa I., and Freeman R.D. Contrast gain control in the visual cortex: Monocular versus binocular mechanisms. The Journal of Neuroscience 20 (2000) 3017-3032
77. Tse P.U., Martinez-Conde S., Schlegel A.A., and Macknik S.L. Visibility, visual awareness, and visual masking of simple unattenended targets are confined to areas in the occipital cortex beyond human V1/V2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102 (2005) 17178-17183
78. Tyler C.W., and Chen C.C. Signal detection theory in the 2AFC paradigm: Attention, channel uncertainty and probability summation. Vision Research 40 (2000) 3121-3144
79. Tyler C.W., and Kontsevich L.L. The structure of stereoscopic masking: Position, disparity, and size tuning. Vision Research 45 (2005) 3096-3108
80. Walker G.A., Ohzawa I., and Freeman R.D. Binocular cross-orientation suppression in the cat's striate cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 79 (1998) 227-239
81. Weiler J.A., Maxwell J.S., and Schor C.M. Illusory contrast-induced shifts in binocular visual direction bias saccadic eye movements toward the perceived target position. Journal of Vision 7 (2007) 1-18
82. Westendorf D., and Fox R. Binocular detection of positive and negative flashes. Perception and Psychophysics 15 (1974) 61-65
83. Wetherill G.B., and Levitt H. Sequential estimation of points on a psychometric function. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 18 (1965) 1-10