Long-term patterns of sleeping site use in wild saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and mustached tamarins (S. mystax): Effects of foraging, thermoregulation, predation, and resource defense constraints

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 340-353

  Smith, Andrew C ^a,b   Knogge, Christoph ^c,d   Huck, Maren ^d,e   Löttker, Petra ^d,f   Buchanan Smith, Hannah M ^b   Heymann, Eckhard W ^d  

^a ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^c HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH UFZ   (Germany)

^d GERMAN PRIMATE CENTER   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^f BAVARIAN FOREST NATIONAL PARK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Foraging strategies; Predation risk; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; LIGHT EXPOSURE; NONHUMAN; PHOTOPERIODICITY; PREDATION; PRIMATE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SLEEP; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; THERMOREGULATION; TREE;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; MALE; PERU; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; SAGUINUS; SLEEP; TERRITORIALITY;

EID: 35348923670     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20676     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Altmann SA. 1974. Baboons, space, time, and energy. Am Zool 14:221-248.
2. Anderson JR. 1984. Ethology and ecology of sleep in monkeys and apes. Adv Stud Behav 14:165-229.
3. Anderson JR. 1998. Sleep, sleeping sites, and sleep-related activities: awakening to their significance. Am J Primatol 46:63-75.
4. Anderson JR. 2000. Sleep-related behavioural adaptations in free-ranging anthropoid primates. Sleep Med Rev 4:355-373.
5. Aquino R, Encarnación F. 1986. Characteristics and use of sleeping sites in Aotus (Cebidae: Primates) in the Amazon lowlands of Peru. Am J Primatol 11:319-331.
6. Baldwin JD, Baldwin J. 1972. The ecology and behaviour of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in natural forest in western Panama. Folia Primatol 18:161-184.
7. Banks P, Norrdahl K, Korpimäki E. 2000. Non-linearity in the predation risk of vole mobility. Proc R Soc Lond B 267:1621-1625.
8. Bartecki U, Heymann EW. 1990. Field observations on scent-marking behaviour in saddle-back tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis (Callitrichidae, Primates). J Zool Lond 220:87-99.
9. Blaffer-Hrdy S. 1977. The langurs of Abu. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
10. Brownlow AR, Plumptree AJ, Reynolds V, Ward R. 2001. Sources of variation in the nesting behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo forest, Uganda. Am J Primatol 55:49-55.
11. Buchanan-Smith HM. 1991. A field study on the red-bellied tamarin, Saguinus I. labiatus, in Bolivia. Int J Primatol 12:259-276.
12. Caine NG. 1984. Visual scanning by tamarins: a description of the behaviour and tests of two derived hypotheses. Folia Primatol 43:59-67.
13. Caine NG. 1987. Vigilance, vocalizations, and cryptic behavior at retirement in captive groups of red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus). Am J Primatol 12:241-250.
14. Carpenter CR. 1985. Behavior of red spider monkeys in Panama. J Mammal 16:171-180.
15. Chapman C. 1989. Spider monkey sleeping sites: use and availability. Am J Primatol 18:53-60.
16. Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, McLaughlin R. 1989. Multiple central place foraging in spider monkeys: consequences of using many sleeping sites. Oecologia 79:506-511.
17. Chivers DJ. 1974. The siamang in Malaya. Basel: Karger.
18. Coimbra-Filho AF. 1978. Natural shelters of Leontopithecus rosalia and some ecological implications. In: Kleiman DG, editor. The biology and conservation of the Callitrichidae. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 79-90.
19. Cui L-W, Quan R-C, Xiao W. 2006. Sleeping sites of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Baima Snow Mountain, China. J Zool 270:192-198.
20. Dawson GA. 1976. Behavioural ecology of the Panamanian tamarin, Saguinus oedipus geoffroyi (Callitrichidae, Primates, Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
21. Dawson GA. 1979. The use of time and space by the Panamanian tamarin Saguinus oedipus. Folia Primatol 31:253-284.
22. Day RT, Elwood RW. 1999. Sleeping site selection by the golden-handed tamarin Saguinus midas midas: the role of predation risk, proximity to feeding sites, and territorial defence. Ethology 105:1035-1051.
23. Di Bitetti MA, Vidal EML, Baldovino MC, Benesovsky V. 2000. Sleeping site preferences in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Am J Primatol 50:257-274.
24. Dow H, Fredga S. 1983. Breeding and natal dispersal of the goldeneye, Bucephala clangula. J Anim Ecol 52:681-695.
25. Erkert HG. 1989. Characteristics of the circadian activity rhythm in common marmosets (Callithrix j. jacchus). Am J Primatol 17:271-286.
26. Franklin SP. 2004. Predator influence on golden lion tamarin nest choice and presleep behavior. M.Sc. thesis, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA.
27. Garber PA. 1986. The ecology of seed dispersal in two species of callitrichid primates (Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis). Am J Primatol 10:155-170.
28. Garber PA. 1988. Diet, foraging patterns and resource defence in a mixed species troop of species Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis in Amazonian Peru. Behaviour 105:18-34.
29. Garber PA, Teaford MF. 1986. Body weights in mixed species troops of Saguinus mystax mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis nigrifrons in Amanzonian Peru. Am J Phys Anthrop 71:331-336.
30. Gautier-Hion A. 1970. L'organisation sociale d'une bande de talapoins (Miopithecus talapoin) dans le nord-est du Gabon. Folia Primatol 12:116-141.
31. Gibbons EF, Menzel. 1980. Rank orders of arising, eating, and retiring in a family group of tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis). Primates 21:44-52.
32. Giraldeau L-A, Kramer DL. 1982. The marginal value theorem: a quantitative test using load size variation in a central place forager, the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. Anim Behav 30:1036-1042.
33. Goodall J. 1962. Nest building behaviour in the free ranging chimpanzee. Ann NY Acad Sci 102:455-467.
34. Hamilton WJ, Buskirk RE, Buskirk WH. 1976. Defense of space and resources by chacma (Papio ursinus) baboon troops in an African desert and swamp. Ecology 57:1264-1272.
35. Hampton JK. 1973. Diurnal heart rate and body temperature in marmosets. Am J Phys Anthropol 38:339-342.
36. Hausfater G, Meade BJ. 1982. Alternation of sleeping groves by yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as a strategy for parasite avoidance. Primates 23:287-297.
37. Hetherington CM. 1978. Circadian oscillation of body temperature in the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. Lab Anim 12:107-108.
38. Heymann EW. 1990. Interspecific relations in a mixed-species troop of moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax, and saddle-back tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis (Platyrrhini: Callitrichidae) at the Rio Blanco, Peruvian Amazonia. Am J Primatol 21:115-127.
39. Heymann EW. 1995. Sleeping habits of tamarins, Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis (Mammalia; Primates; Callitrichidae), in north-eastern Peru. J Zool Lond 237:211-226.
40. Heymann EW. 2000a. Malaria infection rate of Amazonian primates: the role of sleeping habits. Folia Primatol 72:153.
41. Heymann EW. 2000b. Spatial patterns of scent marking in wild moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax: no evidence for a territorial function. Anim Behav 60:723-730.
42. Heymann EW, Hartmann G. 1991. Geophagy in moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax (Platyrrhini: Callitrichidae), at the Rio Blanco, Peruvian Amazonia. Primates 32:533-537.
43. Izawa K. 1979. Studies on peculiar distribution pattern of Callimico. Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys. Kyoto: Kyoto University. p 1-19.
44. Kappeler PM. 1998. Nests, tree holes, and the evolution of primate life histories. Am J Primatol 46:7-33.
45. Lopez MA, Ferrari SF. 1994. Foraging behaviour of a tamarin group (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) and interactions with marmosets (Callithrix emiliae). Int J Primat 15:373-387.
46. Löttker P, Huck M, Heymann EW. 2004. Demographic parameters and events in wild moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax). Am J Primatol 64:425-449.
47. McLaughlin RL, Montgomery RD. 1989. Brood dispersal and multiple central place foraging by Lapland longspur parents. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 25:207-216.
48. Meddis R. 1983. The evolution of sleep. In: Mayes A, editor. Sleep mechanisms and functions in humans and animal. Wokingham: Van Nostrand. p 57-95.
49. Mitani JC, Rodman PS. 1979. Territoriality: the relation of ranging pattern and home range size to defendability, with an analysis of territoriality among primate species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 5:241-251.
50. Moynihan M. 1970. Some behavioural patterns of platyrrhine monkeys. II. Saguinus geoffroyi and some other tamarins. Smithsonian Contrib Zool 28:1-77.
51. Moynihan M. 1976. The new world primates. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
52. Neyman PF. 1978. Aspects of the ecology and social organisation of free ranging cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and the conservation status of the species. In: Kleiman DG, editor. The biology and conservation of the Callitrichdae. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 39-72.
53. Nickle DA, Heymann EW. 1996. Predation on Orthoptera and other orders of insects by tamarin monkeys, Saguinus mystax mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis nigrifrons (Primates: Callitrichidae), in north-eastern Peru. J Zool Lond 239:799-819.
54. Norconk MA. 1986. Interactions between primate species in a neotropical forest: mixed species troops of Saguinus mystax and S. fuscicollis (Callitrichidae). Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
55. Nunn CL, Heymann EW. 2005. Malaria infection and host behavior: a comparative study of Neotropical primates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 59:30-37.
56. Patterson JD. 1973. Ecologically differentiated patterns of aggressive and sexual behaviour in two troops of Ugandan boboons, Papio anubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 33:641-648.
57. Peres CA. 1986. Costs and benefits of territorial defense in golden lion tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia. Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainsville, USA.
58. Peres CA. 1991. Ecology of mixed-species groups of tamarins in Amazonian terra firme forests. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, UK.
59. Peres CA. 1992. Consequences of joint-territoriality in a mixed species group of tamarin monkeys. Behaviour 123:220-246.
60. Peres CA. 1993. Diet and feeding ecology of saddle-back (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached (S. mystax) tamarins in an Amazonian terra firme forest. J Zool Lond 230:567-592.
61. Petry VH, Riehl I, Zucker H. 1986. Energieumsatzmessungen an Weissbuscheläffchen (Callithrix jacchus). Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 55:214-224.
62. Pontes ARM, Soares ML. 2005. Sleeping sites of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in defaunated urban forest fragments: a strategy to maximize food intake. J Zool 266:55-53.
63. Ramirez MM. 1989. Ecology and demography of the moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax in north eastern Peru. Ph.D. thesis, City University of New York, New York, USA.
64. Reichard U. 1998. Sleeping sites, sleeping places, and presleep behavior of gibbons (Hylobates lar) Am J Primatol 46:35-62.
65. Rylands AB. 1989. Sympatric Brazilian callitrichids: the black tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix kuhli, and the golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysomelas. J Human Evol 18:679-695.
66. Savage A. 1990. The reproductive biology of the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) in Colombia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. 166 p.
67. Schnell CR, Wood JM. 1993. Measurement of blood pressure and heart rate by telemetry in conscious, unrestrained marmosets. Am J Physiol 264:1509-1516.
68. Sigg H, Stolba A. 1981. Home range and daily march in a Hamadryas Baboon Troop. Folia Primatol 36:40-75.
69. Smith AC. 1997. Comparative ecology of saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached (Saguinus mystax) tamarins. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, UK.
70. Smith AC. 2000. Interspecific differences in prey captured by associating saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached (Saguinus mystax) tamarins. J Zool Lond 251:315-324.
71. Smith AC, Buchanan-Smith HM, Surridge A, Mundy N. 2005. Factors effecting group spread within wild mixed-species troops of saddleback and moustached tamarins. Int J Primatol 26:337-355.
72. Smith AC, Buchanan-Smith HM, Surridge AK, Osorio D, Mundy NI. 2003. The effect of colour vision status on the detection and selection of fruits by tamarins (Saguinus spp.) J Exp Biol 206:3159-3165.
73. Smith AC, Kelez S, Buchanan-Smith HM. 2004. Factors affecting vigilance within wild mixed-species troops of saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached tamarins (S. mystax) Behav Ecol Sociobiol 56:18-25.
74. Smith AC, Tirado ER, Buchanan-Smith HM, Heymann EW. 2002. Multiple breeding females and allo-nursing in a wild group of moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax). Neotrop Primates 9:67-69.
75. Soini P. 1987. Ecology of the saddle-back tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri on the Rio Pacaya, northeastern Peru. Folia Primatol 49:11-32.
76. Soini P. 1988. The pygmy marmoset, Genus Cebuella. In: Mittermeier RA, Coimbra-Filho AF, da Fonseca GAB, editors. Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates, Vol. 2. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund. p 79-129.
77. Soini P. 1990. Ecológia y dinámica poblacional de pichico común Saguinus fuscicollis (Callitrichidae, Primates) La Primatologia en el Perú, Investigaciones primatólogicas (1973-1985) Lima, Peru.
78. Sonerud GA. 1985. Nest hole shift in Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus as defence against nest predation involving long-term memory in the predator. J Anim Ecol 54:179-192.
79. Struhsaker TT 1967. Social structure among vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Behaviour 29:83-121.
80. Sussman RW, Kinzey WG. 1984. The ecological role of the Callitrichidae: a review. Am J Phys Anthropol 64:419-449.
81. Terborgh J. 1983. Five new world primates. A study in comparative ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
82. Thompson S. 1988. Thermoregulation in the water opossum (Chironectes minimus): an exception that 'proves' the rule. Physiol Zool 61:450-460.
83. Thompson S. 1991. Biotelemetric studies of mammalian thermoregulation. In Asa C, editor. Biotelemetry applications for captive animal care and research. Wheeling: American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums. p 19-28.
84. Thompson SD, Power ML, Rutledge CE, Kleiman DG. 1994. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). Folia Primatol 63:131-143.
85. Thorington RW. 1967. Feeding and activity of Cebus and Saimiri in a Columbian forest. In: Starck D, Schneider R, Kuhn HJ, editors. Progress in Primatology. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Primatology. Stuttgart: Fischer. p 180-184.
86. von Hippel. 1998. Use of sleeping trees by black and white Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Am J Primatol 45:281-290.
87. Wasburn SL, Devore I. 1961. The social life of baboons. Sci. Am. 204:62-71.
88. Yoneda M. 1984. Ecological study of the saddle backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) in northern Bolivia. Primates 25:1-12.
89. Zhang S. 1995. Sleeping habits of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in French Guiana. Am J Primatol 36:327-335.