A brief history of Law School names

Journal of Legal Education

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 388-410

  Jarvis, Robert M ^a  

^a NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 35348902604     PISSN: 00222208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. American Bar Association, ABA-Approved Law Schools, available at 〈http://www.abanct.org/legaled/approvedlawschools/approved.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). There also were dozens of non-ABA-approved law schools (mostly in California). See Law School Admission Council, Law School Links, available at 〈http://www.lsac.org/LSAC.asp?url=lsac/law-school-links. asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). By and large, these schools will not be discussed in this article. Generally speaking, however, their naming experiences are the same as ABA-approved law schools.
2. Of course, histories have been written about a number of individual law schools and these almost always describe the origins of their subject's name.
3. See, e.g., Dorothy Astoria, The Name Book: Over 10,000 Names-Their Meanings, Origins, and Spiritual Significance (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1997); Adrian Room, Placenames of the World (2d ed., Jefferson, N.C., 2006);
4. Whitney Walker and Eric Reyes, The Perfect Baby Name: Finding the Name That Sounds Just Right (New York, 2005);
5. Norma Watts, The Art of Nameology: Uncovering the Meaning Behind A Name (Belgium, Wis., 2006);
6. Ellen Wittlinger, What's in a Name (New York, 2000);
7. Ted Curtis and Joel H. Stempler, So What Do We Name the Team? Trademark Infringement, The Lanham Act and Sports Franchises, 19 Colum.-VLAJ. L. & Arts 23 (1994-1995);
8. Ncal J. Friedman and Kevin Siehert, The Name Is Not Always the Same, 20 Seattle U. L. Rev. 631 (1997);
9. Barbara Singer, A Rose By Any Other Name: Trademark Protection of the Names of Popular Music Groups, 14 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L. J. 331 (1992).
10. Along similar lines, in January 2006 Professor Robert J. Lipkin posted the following query: I have a rather curious question that I hope some member of the List can answer. If I'm right when asked their occupation generally law professors will respond naturally enough "Law Professor," Right? But a physics or philosophy professor will generally answer "Professor" or perhaps sometimes "College Professor." Having been both a law professor and a college professor, I can personally attest to using this distinction in my professional life. Do others acknowledge this distinction in practice, and if so, docs anyone know why it exists. (Which appellation applies to physicians who teach medicine? "Professor" or "Professor of Medicine"? Both?) E-mail from Professor Robert J. Lipkin, Widener University School of Law, to the LAW-PROF listserve 〈lawprof@chicagokent. kcntlaw.cdu〉 (Jan. 6, 2006, at 7:20 a.m.) (on file with the author).
11. See generally W. Scott Van Alstyne, Jr. et al., The Goals and Missions of Law Schools 7-8 (New York, 1990) (discussing the importance of "name recognition" and the role it plays in the prestige associated with a law school).
12. Excluded from the present discussion are the names of law school buildings and libraries. Because these structures almost always have their own designations (even when the law school does not), an examination of them would make for an interesting undertaking. In the meantime, individual histories fill in some of the gaps. As to law school buildings, see, e.g., Bridget J. Crawford, "Daughter of Liberty Wedded to Law": Gender and Legal Education at the University of Pennsylvania Department of Law 1870-1900, 6 J. Gender Race & Just. 131 (2002);
13. Michael M. Greenfield, Confessions of a Hard-Hat Junkie: Reflections on the Construction of Anheuser-Busch Hall, 76 Wash. U. L. Q. 147 (1998);
14. Richard J. Wood, Capital Improvements: A Guide for the Construction of a Modern Law School, 27 Cap. U. L. Rev. 709 (1999).
15. As to law school libraries, sec, e.g., Martha B. Barefoot, The UNC Law Library: 1945-95, 73 N.C. L. Rev. 758 (1995);
16. Joyce A. McCray Pearson, A Brief History of the University of Kansas School of Law Library, 51 U. Kan. L. Rev. 873 (2003);
17. Renee Y. Rastorfer, Thomas S. Dabagh and the Institutional Beginnings of the UCLA Law Library: A Cautionary Tale, 95 Law Libr. J. 347 (2003);
18. Constance K. Lundberg, BYU Law School Dedicates Howard W Hunter Law Library, 10 Utah B. J. 14 (May 1997).
19. See, e.g., Elizabeth Gaspar Brown and William Wirt Blume, Legal Education at Michigan 1859-1959, at ix-x (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1959) (reporting that the University of Michigan's "Law Department," founded in 1859, was renamed the "Law School" in 1915),
20. and Sandra P. Epstein, Law at Berkeley: The History of Boalt Hall 30-33 (Berkeley, 1997) (explaining that what began as the University of California-Berkeley's "Department of Jurisprudence" in 1894 became its "School of Law" in 1950). While no American law school still uses the word "department," a few United Kingdom law schools have retained it. See Law Courseware Consortium, UK Law Schools & Law Libraries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, available at 〈http://www.law.warwick. ac.uk/lcc/lawschools.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
21. To be precise, however, the University of California-Hastings is a "college of the law" rather than a "college of law." See Thomas Garden Barnes, Hastings College of the Law: The First Century (San Francisco, 1978).
22. Conventionally, of course, the word "faculty" as used by American law schools refers to the actual instructors. In contrast, almost every Canadian law school is a "faculty of law." See DMOZ Open Directory Project, Law Schools: Canada, available at 〈http://dmoz.org/Socicty/Law/ Education/Law_Schools/Canada/〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
23. One non-ABA-approved law school does buck this convention, however, calling itself the Southern California Institute of Law. See Law School Links, supra note 1.
24. Thus, for example, the industry's trade group is the Association of American Law Schools 〈www.aals.org〉, even though the vast majority of its members are not, technically speaking, "law schools." Likewise, the term "law school" is used by such entities as the Institute for Law School Teaching 〈www.law.gonzaga.edu/ilst〉, International Association of Law Schools 〈www.ialsnct.org〉, Law School Admission Council 〈www.lsac.org〉 (administrator of the Law School Admission Test and organizer of the annual Law School Recruitment Forums), and Southeastern Association of Law Schools 〈www.nsulaw.nova.edu/seals/〉.
25. Louisiana State University, About the Law Center, available at 〈http://www.law.lsu.edu/index.cfm?gcaux=administration.aboutlawcenter〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
26. It has been suggested to me that the term "law center" may have originated with Dean Arthur T. Vanderbilt, who used it in an early article describing his vision for what eventually became Vanderbilt Hall, the present home of New York University's law school. See Arthur T. Vanderbilt, The Idea of a Law Center, 23 N.Y.U. L. Q. Rev, 1 (1948). Telephone interview with John G. Tomlinson, Jr., Associate Dean, University of Southern California Law School (Feb. 6, 2006).
27. The three classic sources on the history of legal education in the United States all fail to address the subject. See Albert J. Hamo, Legal Education in the United States (San Francisco, 1953);
28. Alfred Zantzinger Reed, Training for the Public Profession of the Law (New York, 1921);
29. Robert Stevens, Law School: Legal Education in America from the 1850s to the 1980s (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1983). From the beginning, however, William Rainey Harper, the founding president of the University of Chicago, envisioned an institution modeled along European lines that would consist of undergraduate "colleges" and "professional schools," including "divinity, law, medicine, engineering, pedagogy, fine arts, and music."
30. Frank L. Ellsworth, Law on the Midway: The Founding of the University of Chicago Law School 23 (Chicago, 1977). Perhaps this explains why most law schools use the word "school" rather than "college."
31. See Drexel University, Colleges/Schools, available at 〈http://www.drexel.edu/colleges_schools.asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
32. The numbers in the parentheses add up to sixty, rather than to fifty-six, because four law schools (those at Cleveland State University, the College of William & Mary, the Illinois Institute of Technology, and Loyola Marymount University) have hyphenated names and therefore appear in two different categories.
33. Ohio State University, Michael E. Moritz '61, available at 〈http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/giving/philanthropists/rg-moritz.php〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
34. Southern Methodist University, SMU Law School Renamed in Honor of Dedman Family, available at 〈http://www.smu.edu/newsinfo/releases/00214.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
35. Elizabeth Amon, For $20 Million or So, Temple Has Renamed Its Law School After a Lawyer, Nat'l L. J., Mar. 29, 1999, at A1.
36. Susan Hansen, Mr. Roger's Law School, Am. Law., Jan./Feb. 1999, at 32. Rogers's record-breaking gift came in stages. The initial donation was for $50 million. When this amount led the school to name itself for Rogers, he gave a second $50 million. A short time later, he topped it off with another $15 million.
37. Scc Diana B. Henriques, Determined to Share the Wealth, N.Y. Times, Nov. 29,1998, §3, at 13.
38. University of Denver, College of Law to be Named for Donald L. Sturm; $20 Million Donation from Donald and Susan Sturm Largest Single Gift in Law School History, available at 〈http://www.law.du.edu/ncws/story.cfm?ID= 49〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
39. Jack Wheat, Tobacco Fighter Shares Fee With UF, Miami Herald, Jan. 7, 1999, at 3B, available at 1999 WLNR 3335119. As soon as it was announced, however, the gift ran into opposition: A fair number of Florida lawyers happen to be in a snit at the moment because their alma mater, the University of Florida College of Law, is now the Fredric G. Levin College of Law. Levin, a prosperous Pensacola trial lawyer who shared a fee in Florida's $13-billion tobacco settlement, gave $10-million of it to the law school, where he got his degree in 1958 [sic]. The renaming offends some of the silk stockings in the Bar, who couldn't wait to tip the press how Levin had been reprimanded by the Florida Supreme Court for betting on football with bookmakers. As if he were the only Gator lawyer who had ever done that. You can bet on this: Nobody would be saying boo over the naming if Levin had made his fortune defending corporations instead of suing them.But there is a case to be made, I think, that U of F President John Lombardi sold the law school too cheaply. The $io-million that Jack Eckerd gave in 1971 to Florida Presbyterian College, which renamed itself the next year in his honor, was the equivalent of $41 million today. The law school ought to have been worth at least as much. Having seen Levin's waterfront spread, I think he might have managed. Martin Dyckman, Name a School, for the Right Price, St. Petersburg Times (Fla.), Feb. 18, 1999, at 17A, available at 1999 WLNR 2654801. In addition to Levin's character and perceived miserliness, a third reason for the firestorm was the fact that to many people, the law school already had a name. In 1969, its new building had been named for Spessard L. Holland (1892-1971), an alumnus and former United States senator. Thus, the plan to name the school for Levin was felt to be a usurpation: Senator: Is the College of Law adopting another name? Provost: The Holland Law Center is the facility name. The college, however, will be named after Fredric G. Levin in recognition of his generous gift to the College of Law. Currently there are only three other endowed and named schools or coIleges-Warrington College of Business Administration, M.E. Rinker Sr. School of Building Construction and Fisher School of Accounting. Senator: Is there a standard amount required for a named college or school? Provost: The minimum endowment to qualify for a college name is $5 million; that is assuming a state match dollar-for-dollar...so the real minimum is $10 million. University of Florida, Meeting of the University Senate-January 14, 1999, available at 〈http://www.senate.ufl.edu/ minut_agcn/SenMinon499.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
40. David J. Mays, The Pursuit of Excellence: A History of the University of Richmond Law School 75-16 (Richmond, Va. 1970); e-mail from Professor John Paul Jones, University of Richmond School of Law, to the author (Dec. 13, 2005, at 2:48 p.m.) (on file with the author).
41. Thus, the plaque at the school's main entrance reads, "Honoring a distinguished American legal family-Judge James Gould, co-founder, 1798-1833-of the first law school in the United States-Litchfield Law School-Charles Winthrop Gould of the New York Bar-Col. John W. Barnes of the California Bar." E-mail from Professor Michael Shapiro, University of Southern California Law School, to the author (Dec. 9, 2005, at 4:58 p.m.) (on file with the author); Tomlinson telephone interview, supra note 12.
42. Eliot Kleinberg, Barry Benefactors Provide More Than Money, Palm Beach Post, Sept. 1, 1997, at 1B, available at 1997 WLNR 1761646;
43. Alina Matas, High-Flying Nun, Miami Daily Bus. Rev., Mar. 24, 2000, at A10, available at WESTLAW, Legalnp Library; e-mail from Michael S. Laderman, Assistant Vice President for University Relations-Barry University, to the author (Jan. 25, 2006, at 11:59 a.m.) (on file with the author).25. Gerald Davis, Nova Gets $3 Million for New Law Building, Miami Herald, July 2, 1989, at 3B, available at 1989 WLNR 1416375. Broad's gift later became the subject of a bitter battle with the heirs of Leo Goodwin Sr., the namesake of the law school's building. See Jodi Mailander, Nova's Big-Name Law School Gets a Big Building, Miami Herald, Nov. 12, 1992, at 6 (Broward), available at 1992 WLNR 2305600 (explaining that the dispute centered on whose name should receive top billing on the building's facade).
44. See Barnes, Hastings College of the Law, supra note 7, at 21.
45. U of L Regents Rename Law School for Brandeis, Lexington Herald-Leader (KY), Feb. 25, 1997, at C3, available at 1997 WLNR 1839589.
46. Debra D. Bass, Donations in Hand, UNLV Taking Case for Law School to Legislators, Rocky Mtn. News (Denver), Aug. 11, 1996, at 12A, available at 1996 WLNR 662972;
47. K.C. Howard, Boyd Chairman Makes Bigger Name for Himself at UNLV, Las Vegas Rev.-J., Feb. 26, 2005, at 1B, available at 2005 WL 3016442.
48. University of Utah, S.J. Quinncy, 1893-1983, available at 〈http://www.law.utah.edu/sjqlibrary/about/joequinncy.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).30. Francis Wilkinson, Divine Instruction, Am. Law., Mar. 1987, at 85;
49. ORU Will Build Law School: Muskogee Man Makes Gift, Oklahoman (Oklahoma City), Feb. 6,1976, at 4 (quoting Oral Roberts as saying that Coburn's gift, the amount of which was not revealed, "will put us well on our way" to raising the $10 million needed to establish the school). Coburn's original thought was to name the school for one of his attorneys, but he soon was talked out of this idea: In the years since 1965 and the labor strike at Coburn Optical, O. W. and Charles Kothe have seen each other in several capacities. Kothe had advised him when both Univis and Woods talked merger, and the Tulsa attorney had served for a time on Coburn's Board of Directors. Moreover, the two men had spoken together at Prayer Breakfasts sponsored by the Association of Christian Businessmen, witnessing their faith across the United States. Kothe had introduced O. W. to noted Tulsa evangelist and educator Oral Roberts. At one point O. W. decided to give a large sum to Roberts with no strings attached, but Roberts replied that money should be given for a specific purpose: "You have to give out of a need and expect a miracle," he told O. W. The result was a gift for the law school, which Coburn wanted to name the Kothe Law School. "That'd be ridiculous to name a law school after me when it's your money, your gift," Kothe responded. "Why don't you name it Coburn?" Roberts suggested. "That's a good name-O. W. Coburn Law School. I like that." And thus it was settled. Odie B. Faulk, A Man of Vision: The Life and Career of O. W. Coburn 162-63 (Oklahoma City, 1980).
50. Michael Huber, Philanthropist's Firm Seeks Protection, Miami Herald, Dec. 28, 1990, at 1C, available at 1990 WLNR 2007791;
51. Late Developer's Art Collection to be Sold, U.P.I., Nov. 20, 1992, available at LEXIS, Allnews library; St. Thomas University Dedicates School of Law, 12 St. Thomas U. Q. 1 (Summer 1985) (on file with the author).
52. Epstein, Law at Berkeley, supra note 6, at 56-57. Because of bad timing, however, the gift actually ended up being worth significantly less: The donation from Elizabeth Josselyn Boalt was two pieces of San Francisco property, placed in a trust with instructions to sell them, give $100,000 to the University of California, and retain the rest. Mrs. Boalt signed the deed of trust on March 3,1906. Six weeks later the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire knocked the bottom out of the real estate market in the City. The trust sold one piece of property for $70,000, but [was] unable to sell the second lot. The trust finally signed the deed for the property over to the University in 1920-nine years after the dedication of the building. While Mrs. Boalt is credited with a $100,000 donation, the full amount of the cash was never received. E-mail from William Benemann, Archivist-Boalt Hall Law School Archives, to the author (Feb. 1, 2006, at 5:01 p.m.) (on file with the author).33. A curious reading of the legislation that had established the Hastings College of the Law had for many years blocked the change: The name of the new school [UCLA] created an opportunity for the Berkeley law faculty. From time to time, beginning in 1929, the faculty had sought unsuccessfully to change its institutional name from "School of Jurisprudence" to "School of Law," but was met with the objection from the Berkeley campus administration that the 1878 Act creating Hastings had provided that Hastings "shall be the Law Department of the University." This provision was understood to mean that only Hastings could bear the official title "School of Law." When the UC Regents allowed UCLA's new school to call itself a School of Law, the basis for that understanding vanished, and the prompt request of Dean William Prosser to change the name was granted. Herma Hill Kay, UCs Women Law Faculty, 36 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 331, 336 (2003)
53. (citing Epstein, Law at Berkeley, supra note 6, at 202) (internal citations omitted).
54. University of California, School of Law-Boalt Hall: History, available at 〈http://www.law.berkeley.edu/admissions/welcome/history/〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
55. Campbell University, 30 Years of Campbell Law, available at 〈http://www.campbell.edu/news/releases/fa05/ns_rel.0021.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
56. UDC David A. Clarke School of Law, About David A. Clarke, available at 〈http://www.law.udc.edu/prospective/clarke.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
57. William Sorrels, The Exciting Years: The Cecil C. Humphreys Presidency of Memphis State University 1960-1972, at 49-69 (Memphis, 1987); e-mail from Charles B. deWitt, III, Assistant Dean for Career and Alumni Services-University of Memphis School of Law, to the author (Jan. 23, 2006, at 9:51 a.m.) (on file with the author).
58. Anthony J. Santoro, Reflections on the Founding, g Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 327, 328 (2004).
59. Touro Law Center, Mission and History, available at 〈http://www. tourolaw.edu/about/why/mission_and_history.asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
60. University of Hawai'i, William S. Richardson School of Law-Our History, available at 〈http://www.hawaii.edu/law/site-content/about-us/our-history/ index.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
61. College of William & Mary, William & Mary Historical Facts: 1951-1975, available at 〈http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/twentieth3.php〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). See also Davison M. Douglas, Citizen Lawyers, From George Wythe to the 21st Century, available at 〈http://www.williamandmary. com/law/cnews/show_news.php?subaction=showfull&id=110728788 6&archive=&start_from=&ucat=3〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006) ("The Virginia Legislature approved the professorship in December 1779 and Wythe started the school in January 1780 with about 40 students. The students were mostly in their late teens to twenties, with a few older students, including a certain John Marshall.").
62. W. Lee Hargrave, LSU Law: The Louisiana State University Law School from 1906 to 1977, at 247 (Baton Rouge, 2004); Louisiana State University, The University, available at 〈http://aaweb.lsu.edu/catalogs/2001/theUniversity. htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
63. In Memoriam: Hon. Claude Westcoat Pettit, 1 Ohio. N.U. L. Rev. iii (1973).
64. Fitting Honor, Ark. Bus. & Econ. Rev., May 8, 2000, at 6, available at 2000 WLNR 6885044.
65. University of the Pacific, Pacific McGeorge History, available at 〈http://www.mcgeorge.edu/alumni_resources/megeorge_history.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
66. University of Northern California, History, available at 〈http://www.patinolawschool.com/about.htm#history〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006); e-mail from Michelle Koder, Registrar-University of Northern California School of Law, to the author (Jan. 20, 2006, at 2:28 p.m.) (on file with the author).
67. Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Tribute to Robert A. Leflar, 50 Ark. L. Rev. 407 (1997); Chris Branam, Fayetteville: UA Law School Set to Expand, Ark. Democrat-Gazette, Feb. 27, 2005, available at 〈http://www.nwanews.com/ story.php?paper=adg§ion=News&storyid=109144〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
68. At its inception, FCSL was known simply as "Coastal" because, while the founders had decided that the school would be on the cast coast, they had not yet picked an actual site. Once Jacksonville was selected, the name was changed to "Florida Coastal." See generally Karen Brune Mathis, Mathis Network Column, Fla. Times-Union (Jacksonville), Sept. 29, 1994, available at 1994 WLNR 3392698.
69. Southwestern is unique among ABA-approved freestanding law schools because its name is the only one that includes the word "university." This is due to the fact that Southwestern University at one time had, in addition to a law school, colleges devoted to accounting, commerce, and finance. These schools failed shortly after World War II, leaving the law school as the only remaining part of the university. See Southwestern University, History of Southwestern, available at 〈http://www.swlaw.edu/about/hist〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
70. See Law School Links, supra note 1, which lists the Birmingham School of Law, Cal Northern School of Law, California Southern Law School, Charleston School of Law, Charlotte School of Law, Elon University School of Law, Glendale University College of Law, Irvine University College of Law, Massachusetts School of Law, Monterey College of Law, Nashville School of Law, New College of California School of Law, Pacific West College of Law, San Francisco Law School, San Joaquin College of Law, Santa Barbara College of Law, Southern California Institute of Law, Southern New England School of Law, University of Northern California School of Law, University of West Los Angeles School of Law-San Fernando Valley, University of West Los Angeles School of Law-West Los Angeles, Ventura College of Law, and Western Sierra Law School.
71. Nicole Bowman, Public Interest for the Church-A Profile of the Knights of Columbus, available at 〈http://law.cua.edu/Alumni/CUAlawyer/issues/ winter2002/legacy2.cfm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
72. Cleveland State University, A Brief History of Cleveland State University, available at 〈http://www.clevelandmemory.org/csu/〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
73. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago-Kent History, available at 〈http://www.kentlaw.edu/overview/historical.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). See also infra text accompanying note 72.
74. As has been explained elsewhere, these ties included having the college award the law school's degrees during the latter's first incarnation (1834-50), appointing the Board of Incorporators when the law school was restarted (1890), and giving the revived law school space in which to hold its classes while it sought its own facility (1890-1918), Burton R. Laub, The Dickinson School of Law: Proud and Independent 11-13, 25-26 (2d ed., Carlisle, Pa., 1983); e-mail from Mark W Podvia, Associate Law Librarian and Archivist-Pennsylvania State University School of Law (Feb. 8, 2006, at 7:48 p.m.) (on file with the author), In 2000, the law school merged with PSU. Pennsylvania State University, About Penn State Dickinson, available at 〈http://www.dsl.psu.edu/about/〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
75. Samford University, Cumberland School of Law, available at 〈http://www.samford.edu/groups/unirel/catalog2001/law/lawinfo.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). Interestingly enough, one of the issues that arose during the transfer negotiations was the law school's future name: Whether it was added as an afterthought or had been inadvertently omitted from the agreement and the bill of sale, a separately executed "Amendment to the Agreement and Bill of Sale" later would assume importance. The amendment provided: Howard College shall have the perpetual right to use the name "Cumberland" in connection with any law school operated at Howard College or that may be operated by any successor or assignee of Howard College, it being the purpose of this agreement to pass on with the property conveyed and assigned the exclusive right to use the name "Cumberland" in connection with the operation of a law school; and Cumberland University at Lebanon, Tennessee, agrees not to reestablish any law school at Cumberland University. Over thirty years later, in 1993, Cumberland University, having just celebrated its sesquicentennial, sought a judicial declaration that it had the right to open a law school, notwithstanding the foregoing provision. The District Court in Nashville held that Cumberland University was bound by the provision in the amendment. Had that provision not been added by amendment, the world of legal education might have been graced with Cumberland law schools, one in Birmingham and one in Lebanon. David J. Langum and Howard P. Walthall, From Maverick to Mainstream: Cumberland School of Law, 1847-1997, at 202 (Athens, Ga., 1997) (footnotes omitted). 56. Somewhat surprisingly, no ABA-approvcd law school is named for a federal district or circuit judge, although the law school at Texas Southern University, which is named for Justice Thurgood Marshall, see infra notes 64-66 and accompanying text, indirectly fills the gap because of Marshall's brief (1961-65) tenure on the Second Circuit.Among non-ABA-approved law schools, however, there is the Thomas Goode Jones School of Law (founded 1928 by Jones's son, Walter, a state trial judge) at Faulkner University in Birmingham, Alabama. After two terms as the state's governor, the elder Jones (1844-1914) served as the judge of the Northern and Middle Districts of Alabama from 1901-14. Thomas Goode Jones School of Law, History, available at 〈http://www.faulkner.edu/jsl/info/history.asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006); Thomas Goode Jones, available at 〈http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/ tGetInfo?jid=1205〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
76. Oddly, nowhere on the Franklin Pierce Law Center web site is the connection between the school and its namesake mentioned. See 〈http://www.piercelaw.edu〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
77. Ingrid Downs, Western State Changes Name to Thomas Jefferson School of Law, Metro. News Enterp. (Los Angeles), Sept. 19, 1995, at 3, available at LEXIS, Allnews library.
78. While it commonly is believed that GWU's law school became known as the National Law Center (NLC) in 1954 following its merger with the National University School of Law (founded 1869), this name actually did not begin to be used until 1959, when the law school merged with GWU's graduate school of public law. Often derided as confusing (by insiders) and pretentious (by outsiders), the NLC moniker eventually was targeted for extinction by the alumni board of advisors. Its efforts bore fruit in 1995, when Dean Jack H. Friedenthal changed the school's name to the "George Washington University Law School." Nicole Ettinger, The End of the "NLC": Dean Announces Change in School Name, Advocate (Wash., D.C.), Sept. 5, 1995, at 3 (on file with the author); e-mail from Professor Scott B. Pagel, George Washington University Law School, to the author (Jan. 22, 2006, at 5:12 p.m.) (on file with the author).
79. See Law School Links, supra note 1.
80. See supra note 27 and accompanying text.
81. Arizona Names Law School for O'Connor, Nat'l L. J., Apr. 10, 2006, at 3;
82. Arizona State University, ASU Names College of Law in Honor of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, available at 〈http://www.law.asu.cdu/? id=9761〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006). An argument can be made, however, that this honor actually belongs to the Ave Maria School of Law.
83. See infra text following note 75. Until it became ABA-approved, the New England School of Law was named for a mythical woman: In 1908, two Boston women decided to sit for the Massachusetts bar examination. A lawyer named Arthur Winfield MacLcan agreed to tutor them, and other students followed over the next few years. From that beginning, a school was established; MacLean's wife dubbed it Portia Law School, after the heroine of Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice." Arthur MacLcan became the school's first Dean....The only law school in the nation founded exclusively for the education of women, Portia Law School became coeducational in 1938. In 1969, the school's name was changed to New England School of Law and accreditation was granted by the American Bar Association. New England School of Law, History, available at 〈http://www.nesl.edu/about/history.cfm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006), In addition to NESL, the Washington College of Law, which had been freestanding until its 1949 merger with American University, was briefly (1896-98) known as the Woman's Law Class. See American University, History of WCL-Founders: Mussey & Gillett, available at 〈http://www.wcl.american.edu/history/founders. cfm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
84. C. Maxwell Dieffenbach et al., "The Lawyers' School"-A Centennial History of Salmon P. Chase College of Law 20 (Cincinnati, 1995) (explaining that the request to rename the school, which at the time was known as the Cincinnati YMCA Law School, came mainly from the student body).
85. Texas Southern University, About TSU Law, available at 〈http://www.tsu.edu/acadcmics/law/about/index.asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
86. 339 U.S. 629 (1950).
87. Marguerite L. Butler, The History of Texas Southern University, Thurgood Marshall School of Law: "The House that Sweatt Built," 23 T. Marshall L. Rev. 45, 53 (1997).
88. Yeshiva University, Who is Benjamin N. Cardozo?, available at 〈http://www.cardozo.yu.edu/about_us/who.asp〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
89. See supra note 41 and accompanying text.
90. As previously mentioned, see supra note 52 and accompanying text, CSU's law school includes Marshall in its name because it was the name of one of its predecessor schools.
91. William Wiekinski, A Centennial History of the John Marshall Law School 9 (Chicago, 1998). A similar quirk of the calendar accounts for JMLS-A's name. Although opened in 1933 as the "Law School of the South," in 1935, on the centenary of Marshall's death, it adopted its present name. E-mail from Professor Michael J. Lynch, John Marshall Law School-Atlanta, to the author (Feb. 3, 2006, at 10:44 p.m.) (on file with the author).
92. See supra note 60 and accompanying text.
93. See supra note 53 and accompanying text.
94. Ed Jackson and Charly Pou, This Day in Georgia History, available at 〈http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/tdgh-jan/jan29.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
95. Thomas M. Cooley Law School, History, available at 〈http://www. cooley.edu/overview/abouthistory.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
96. William Mitchell College of Law, History, available at 〈http://www.wmitchell.edu/about/history.html〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
97. Lovisa Lyman, Anonymous No More, Clark Memorandum, Spring 1997, at 2, 4, available at 〈http://www.law2.byu.edu/Law_Socicty/pdf_Clark_Memorandum/ clarksp97.pdf〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006) ("Naming a building on [the] BYU campus [is] rarely done because of monetary contributions but rather to honor exemplary service to the Church and to society[.]").
98. Dallin H. Oaks, Becoming J. Reuben Clark's Law School: Opening Remarks, available at 〈http://www.Iaw2.byu.edu/law_school/foundingdocuments/ OaksBecomingClarksSchool.pdf〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
99. Loyola Marymount University, History, available at 〈http://www.lmu. edu/Page18873.aspx〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
100. See supra note 21.
101. See Wheat, Tobacco Fighter Shares Fee With UF, supra note 21 ("Levin's $10 million donation immediately raised the UF law school endowment to $40 million. The gift also is eligible for equal matching funds from the state.").
102. As it happens, this is the exact figure the University of Pittsburgh pegged its law school at when it announced a lengthy list of naming opportunities. See Bill Schackner, Pitt Publishes Price of Campus Immortality, Pitt. Post-Gazette, Nov. 25, 2001, at A16, available at 2001 WLNR 10061905.
103. In the law review issue commemorating the school's centennial, for example, not a single reference to the Goulds appears. See Symposium, In Celebration of the Law School Centennial, 74 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1 (2000). USC is not alone in "hiding" its namesake. In 2004, the Humphreys College School of Law in Stockton, California, a non-ABA-approved law school founded in 1951, was named for judge Laurence Drivon (1913-2004). Yet despite teaching at the law school for more than forty years and serving as chair of the college's board of trustees for more than a decade, the catalog and web site collectively do no more than mention when Drivon became the law school's namesake. See Humphreys College, General Information-History, available at 〈http://www.humphreys.edu/catalog/htm/sectioni.htm〉 (last visited Apr. 15, 2006).
104. In fact, however, both of the corporations that own law schools have shied away from such branding. Thus, Sterling Capital Partners' three bricks-and-mortar law schools all have geographic names: Charlotte School of Law, Florida Coastal School of Law, and Phoenix International School of Law. In contrast, the Washington Post (through its Kaplan subsidiary) chose a name meant to reassure those leery about the idea of a completely internet-based law school. See Virtual Law School, 154 N.J. L. J. 38 (1998) ("The program will use the traditional-sounding moniker of the Concord University School of Law."); e-mail from Dean Emeritus Jack R. Goetz, Concord University School of Law, to the author (Jan. 29, 2006, at 12:30 p.m.) (on file with the author)