Which measures of diaphyseal robusticity are robust? A comparison of external methods of quantifying the strength of long bone diaphyses to cross-sectional geometric properties

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 412-423

  Stock, Jay T ^a   Shaw, Colin N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Long bones; Osteometrics; Residual strength

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY MASS; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; BONE STRENGTH; CLAVICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAPHYSIS; FEMUR; GEOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMERUS; LONG BONE; MEASUREMENT; OSTEOMETRY; PREDICTION; RADIUS; SKELETON; TIBIA; ULNA;

AFRICA; BODY CONSTITUTION; BONE AND BONES; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; DIAPHYSES; FOSSILS; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 35348901506     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20686     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bertram JE, Swartz SM. 1991. The "law of bone transformation": a case of crying Wolff? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 66:245-273.
2. Bräuer G. 1988. Osteometrie. In: Knussman R, editor. Anthropologie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. p 160-231.
3. Bridges PS. 1989. Changes in activities with the shift to agriculture in the Southeastern United States. Curr Anthropol 30:385-394.
4. Bridges PS. 1995. Skeletal biology and behavior in ancient humans. Evol Anthropol 4:112-120.
5. Bridges PS, Blitz JH, Solano MC. 2000. Changes in long bone diaphyseal strength with horticultural intensification in West-Central Illinois. Am J Phys Anthropol 112:217-238.
6. Churchill SE. 1996. Particulate versus integrated evolution of the upper body in late pleistocene humans: a test of two models. Am J Phys Anthropol 100:559-583.
7. Churchill SE, Weaver AH, Niewoehner WA. 1996. Late Pleistocene human technological and subsistence behavior: functional interpretation of upper limb morphology. Quatern Nova 6:413-447.
8. Collier S. 1989. The influence of economic behaviour and environment upon robusticity of the post-cranial skeleton: a comparison of Australian Aborigines and other populations. Archaeol Oceania 24:17-30.
9. Holliday TW. 2002. Body size and postcranial robusticity of European upper paleolithic hominins. J Hum Evol 43:513-528.
10. Holt BM. 2003. Mobility in upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe: evidence from the lower limb. Am J Phys Anthropol 122:200-215.
11. Jungers WL, Minns RJ. 1979. Computed tomography and biomechanical analysis of fossil long bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 50:285-290.
12. Larsen CS. 1981. Functional implications of postcranial size reduction on the prehistoric Georgia coast, USA. J Hum Evol 10:489-502.
13. Larsen CS. 1997. Bioarchaeology: interpreting behavior from the human skeleton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 1-461.
14. Larsen CS, Ruff CB, Kelly RL. 1995. Structural analysis of the Stillwater postcranial human remains: behavioural implications of articular joint pathology and long bone diaphyseal morphology. In: Larsen CS, Kelly RL, editors. Bioarchaeology of the stillwater marsh: prehistoric human adaptation in the Western Great Basin: anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History. p 107-133.
15. Lieberman DE, Polk JD, Demes B. 2004. Predicting long bone loading from cross-sectional geometry. Am J Phys Anthropol 123:156-171.
16. Lovejoy CO, Burstein AH, Heiple KG. 1976. The biomechanical analysis of bone strength: a method and its application to Platycnemia. Am J Phys Anthropol 44:489-506.
17. Lovejoy CO, Trinkaus E. 1980. Strength and robusticity of the Neandertal tibia. Am J Phys Anthropol 53:465-470.
18. Martin R, Saller K. 1957. Lehrbuch der Antropologie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
19. O'Neill MC, Ruff CB. 2004. Estimating human long bone cross-sectional geometric properties: a comparison of noninvasive methods. J Hum Evol 47:221-235.
20. Pearson OM. 2000a. Activity, climate, and postcranial robusticity: implications for modern human origins and scenarios of adaptive change. Curr Anthropol 41:569-607.
21. Pearson OM. 2000b. Postcranial remains and the origin of modern humans. Evol Anthropol 9:229-247.
22. Rockhold LA. 1998. Secular change in external femoral measures from 1840 to 1970: a biomechanical interpretation, MA. thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
23. Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E. 2006. Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? "Wolff's law" and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 129:484-498.
24. Ruff CB. 1987. Sexual dimorphism in human lower limb bone structure: relationship to subsistence strategy and sexual division of labour. J Hum Evol 16:391-416.
25. Ruff CB. 1994. Biomechanical analysis of northern and southern Plains femora: behavioural implications. In: Owsley DW, Jantz RL, editors. Skeletal biology of the great plains: migration, warfare, health and subsistence. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 235-246.
26. Ruff CB. 1995. Biomechanics of the hip and birth in early Homo. Am J Phys Anthropol 98:527-547.
27. Ruff CB. 2000a. Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletons. In: Katzenberg MA, Saunders SR, editors. Biological anthropology of the human skeleton. Toronto: Wiley-Liss. p 71-102.
28. Ruff CB. 2000b. Body size, body shape, and long bone strength in modern humans. J Hum Evol 38:269-290.
29. Ruff CB. 2006. Moment macro for NIH Image and Image J. Available at http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/FAE/mmacro.htm.
30. Ruff CB, Hayes WC. 1983. Cross-sectional geometry of pecos pueblo femora and tibiae - a biomechanical investigation. I. Method and general patterns of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:359-381.
31. Ruff CB, Larsen CS, Hayes WC. 1984. Structural changes in the femur with the transition to agriculture on the Georgia coast. Am J Phys Anthropol 64:125-136.
32. Ruff CB, Leo FP. 1986. Use of computed tomography in skeletal structure research. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 29:181-196.
33. Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Holliday TW. 1997. Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature 387:173-176.
34. Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Walker A, Larsen CS. 1993. Postcranial robusticity in homo. I. Temporal trends and mechanical interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 91:21-53.
35. Saringhaus LA, Stock JT, Marchant LF, McGrew WC. 2005. Bilateral asymmetry in the limb bones of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Am J Phys Anthropol 128:840-845.
36. Schmitt D, Churchill SE, Hylander WL. 2003. Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals and early modern humans. J Archaeol Sci 30:103-114.
37. Smith RJ. 1984. Allometric scaling in comparative biology: problems of concept and method. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 246:R152-R160.
38. Stock J. 2002. A test of two methods of radiographically deriving long bone cross-sectional properties compared to direct sectioning of the diaphysis. Int J Osteoarchaeol 12: 335-342.
39. Stock J, Pfeiffer S. 2001. Linking structural variability in long bone diaphyses to habitual behaviors: foragers from the southern African Later Stone Age and the Andaman islands. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:337-348.
40. Stock JT. 2006. Hunter-gatherer postcranial robusticity relative to patterns of mobility, climatic adaptation, and selection for tissue economy. Am J Phys Anthropol 131:194-204.
41. Stock JT, Pfeiffer S, Chazan M, Janetski J. 2005. F-81 skeleton from Wadi Mataha, and its bearing on human variability in the Epipalaeolithic of the Levant. Am J Phys Anthropol 128: 453-465.
42. Stock JT, Pfeiffer SK. 2004. Long bone robusticity and subsistence behaviour among Later Stone Age foragers of the forest and fynbos biomes of South Africa. J Archaeol Sci 31:999-1013.
43. Trinkaus E. 1997. Appendicular robusticity and the paleobiology of modern human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:13367-13373.
44. Trinkaus E, Churchill SE. 1999. Diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry of near eastern Middle Paleolithic humans: the humerus. J Archaeol Sci 26:173-184.
45. Trinkaus E, Churchill SE, Ruff CB. 1994. Postcranial robusticity in homo. II. Humeral bilateral asymmetry and bone plasticity. Am J Phys Anthropol 93:1-34.
46. Trinkaus E, Ruff C. 1989. Diaphyseal cross-sectional morphology and biomechanics of the Fond-de-Foret 1 femur and the Spy 2 femur and tibia. Bulletin de la Société Royale Belge d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire 100:33-42.
47. Wescott DJ. 2001. Structural variation in the humerus and femur in the American Great Plains and adjacent regions: differences in subsistence strategy and physical terrain, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
48. Wescott DJ. 2006. Effect of mobility on femur midshaft external shape and robusticity. Am J Phys Anthropol 130:201-213.