-
1
-
-
4043123907
-
-
Working Paper, San Francisco, CA, USA
-
Althaus, S. L., Nardulli, P. F., & Shaw, D. R. (2001). Campaign effects on Presidential voting, 1992-2000. Working Paper, San Francisco, CA, USA.
-
(2001)
Campaign Effects on Presidential Voting, 1992-2000
-
-
Althaus, S.L.1
Nardulli, P.F.2
Shaw, D.R.3
-
3
-
-
0033480854
-
Replicating experiments using aggregate and survey data: The case of negative advertising and turnout
-
4
-
Ansolabehere, S., Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. (1999). Replicating experiments using aggregate and survey data: The case of negative advertising and turnout. American Political Science Review, 93(4), 901-910.
-
(1999)
American Political Science Review
, vol.93
, pp. 901-910
-
-
Ansolabehere, S.1
Iyengar, S.2
Simon, A.3
-
4
-
-
0347120756
-
The impact of emotion elicited by print political advertising on candidate evaluation
-
2
-
Chang, C. (2001). The impact of emotion elicited by print political advertising on candidate evaluation. Media Psychology, 3(2), 91-118.
-
(2001)
Media Psychology
, vol.3
, pp. 91-118
-
-
Chang, C.1
-
5
-
-
2442448288
-
Party bias in political-advertising processing: Results from an experiment involving the 1998 Taipei Mayoral Election
-
2
-
Chang, C. (2003). Party bias in political-advertising processing: Results from an experiment involving the 1998 Taipei Mayoral Election. Journal of Advertising, 32(2), 55-67.
-
(2003)
Journal of Advertising
, vol.32
, pp. 55-67
-
-
Chang, C.1
-
6
-
-
0000408241
-
Information flow and the stability of partisan attitudes
-
4
-
Converse, P. E. (1962). Information flow and the stability of partisan attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 26(4), 578-599.
-
(1962)
Public Opinion Quarterly
, vol.26
, pp. 578-599
-
-
Converse, P.E.1
-
7
-
-
0036993949
-
The impact of negative campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 senatorial primaries
-
4
-
Djupe, P. A., & Peterson, D. A. M. (2002). the impact of negative campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 senatorial primaries. Political Research Quarterly, 55(4), 845-860.
-
(2002)
Political Research Quarterly
, vol.55
, pp. 845-860
-
-
Djupe, P.A.1
Peterson, D.A.M.2
-
8
-
-
0033247025
-
Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads
-
4
-
Freedman, P., & Goldstein, K. (1999). Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads. American Journal of Political Science, 43(4), 1189-1208.
-
(1999)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.43
, pp. 1189-1208
-
-
Freedman, P.1
Goldstein, K.2
-
9
-
-
8344275815
-
Campaign advertising and democratic citizenship
-
4
-
Freedman, P., Franz, M., & Goldstein, K. (2004). Campaign advertising and democratic citizenship. American Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 723-741.
-
(2004)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.48
, pp. 723-741
-
-
Freedman, P.1
Franz, M.2
Goldstein, K.3
-
10
-
-
84963253627
-
Effects of negative political advertising on the political process
-
Garramone, G., Atkin, C. K., Pinkleton, B. E., & Cole, R. T. (1990). Effects of negative political advertising on the political process. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34, 299-311..
-
(1990)
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
, vol.34
, pp. 299-311
-
-
Garramone, G.1
Atkin, C.K.2
Pinkleton, B.E.3
Cole, R.T.4
-
11
-
-
0033247025
-
Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads
-
4
-
Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (1999). Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads. American Journal of Political Science, 43(4), 1189-1208.
-
(1999)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.43
, pp. 1189-1208
-
-
Goldstein, K.1
Freedman, P.2
-
12
-
-
0034348281
-
New evidence for new arguments: Money and advertising in the 1996 Senate Elections
-
4
-
Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2000). New evidence for new arguments: Money and advertising in the 1996 Senate Elections. Journal of Politics, 62(4), 1087-1108.
-
(2000)
Journal of Politics
, vol.62
, pp. 1087-1108
-
-
Goldstein, K.1
Freedman, P.2
-
13
-
-
0036679509
-
Campaign advertising and voter turnout: New evidence for a stimulation effect
-
3
-
Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2002a). Campaign advertising and voter turnout: New evidence for a stimulation effect. Journal of Politics, 64(3), 721-740.
-
(2002)
Journal of Politics
, vol.64
, pp. 721-740
-
-
Goldstein, K.1
Freedman, P.2
-
14
-
-
0036101874
-
Lessons learned: Campaign advertising in the 2000 elections
-
Goldstein, K. M., & Freedman, P. (2002b). Lessons learned: Campaign advertising in the 2000 elections. Political Communication, 19, 5-28.
-
(2002)
Political Communication
, vol.19
, pp. 5-28
-
-
Goldstein, K.M.1
Freedman, P.2
-
15
-
-
84935957537
-
Salvation for the spendthrift incumbent: Reestimating the effects of campaign spending in house elections
-
Green, D. P., & Krasno, J. S. (1988) Salvation for the spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the effects of campaign spending in house elections. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 884-907.
-
(1988)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.32
, pp. 884-907
-
-
Green, D.P.1
Krasno, J.S.2
-
17
-
-
0031532841
-
Impact of negative advertising on evaluations of political candidates: The 1993 Canadian Federal Election
-
2
-
Haddock, G., & Zanna, M. P. (1993). Impact of negative advertising on evaluations of political candidates: The 1993 Canadian Federal Election. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19(2), 205-223.
-
(1993)
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
, vol.19
, pp. 205-223
-
-
Haddock, G.1
Zanna, M.P.2
-
18
-
-
84970296821
-
Effects of gender schematic processing on the reception of political commercials for men and women candidates
-
4
-
Hitchon, J. C., & Chang, C. (1995). Effects of gender schematic processing on the reception of political commercials for men and women candidates. Communication Research, 22(4), 430-458.
-
(1995)
Communication Research
, vol.22
, pp. 430-458
-
-
Hitchon, J.C.1
Chang, C.2
-
20
-
-
0033656016
-
New Perspectives and evidence on political communication and campaign effects
-
1
-
Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. F. (2000). New Perspectives and evidence on political communication and campaign effects. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 149-169.
-
(2000)
Annual Review of Psychology
, vol.51
, pp. 149-169
-
-
Iyengar, S.1
Simon, A.F.2
-
22
-
-
84935977918
-
The effects of campaign spending in house elections: New evidence for old arguments
-
2
-
Jacobson, G. C. (1990). The effects of campaign spending in house elections: New evidence for old arguments. American Journal of Political Science, 34(2), 334-362.
-
(1990)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.34
, pp. 334-362
-
-
Jacobson, G.C.1
-
24
-
-
0043267642
-
The determinants and consequences of recall error about Gulf war preferences
-
3
-
Joslyn, M. R. (2003). The determinants and consequences of recall error about Gulf war preferences. American Journal of Political Science, 47(3), 440-452.
-
(2003)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.47
, pp. 440-452
-
-
Joslyn, M.R.1
-
25
-
-
0001777580
-
Creating impressions: An experimental investigation of political advertising on television
-
1
-
Kahn, K. F., & Geer, J. G. (1994). Creating impressions: An experimental investigation of political advertising on television. Political Behavior, 16(1), 93-116.
-
(1994)
Political Behavior
, vol.16
, pp. 93-116
-
-
Kahn, K.F.1
Geer, J.G.2
-
26
-
-
0033475213
-
Do negative campaigns mobilize or suppress turnout?
-
4
-
Kahn, K. F., & Kenney, P. J. (1999). Do negative campaigns mobilize or suppress turnout? American Political Science Review, 93(4), 877-890.
-
(1999)
American Political Science Review
, vol.93
, pp. 877-890
-
-
Kahn, K.F.1
Kenney, P.J.2
-
27
-
-
0031205898
-
Effects of the television spots on images of Dole and Clinton
-
August
-
Kaid, L. L. (1997). Effects of the television spots on images of Dole and Clinton. American Behavioral Scientist, 40(August), 1085-1094.
-
(1997)
American Behavioral Scientist
, vol.40
, pp. 1085-1094
-
-
Kaid, L.L.1
-
28
-
-
0000484149
-
An experimental study of the effectiveness of negative political advertisements
-
Kaid, L. L., & Boydston, J. (1987). An experimental study of the effectiveness of negative political advertisements. Communication Quarterly, 35, 193-201.
-
(1987)
Communication Quarterly
, vol.35
, pp. 193-201
-
-
Kaid, L.L.1
Boydston, J.2
-
29
-
-
0034409890
-
Making the most of statistical analyses: Improving interpretation and presentation
-
2
-
King, G., Michael, T., & Jason, W. (2000). Making the most of statistical analyses: Improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science, 44(2), 347-361.
-
(2000)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.44
, pp. 347-361
-
-
King, G.1
Michael, T.2
Jason, W.3
-
31
-
-
34247367773
-
The impact of the Gulf war on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: Multidimensional effects of political involvement
-
4
-
Krosnick, J. A., & Brannon, L. A. (1993). The impact of the Gulf war on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: Multidimensional effects of political involvement. American Political Science Review, 87(4), 963-975.
-
(1993)
American Political Science Review
, vol.87
, pp. 963-975
-
-
Krosnick, J.A.1
Brannon, L.A.2
-
32
-
-
0003391937
-
-
Duell, Sloan and Pearce New York
-
Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1944). The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
-
(1944)
The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in A Presidential Campaign
-
-
Lazarsfeld, P.F.1
Berelson, B.2
Gaudet, H.3
-
35
-
-
4043115522
-
Inside the black box of negative campaign effects: Three reasons why negative campaigns mobilize
-
4
-
Martin, P. S. (2004). Inside the black box of negative campaign effects: Three reasons why negative campaigns mobilize. Political Psychology, 25(4), 545-562.
-
(2004)
Political Psychology
, vol.25
, pp. 545-562
-
-
Martin, P.S.1
-
36
-
-
0000225960
-
The nature of attitudes and attitude change
-
G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.) Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley
-
McGuire, W. J. (1969). The nature of attitudes and attitude change. In: G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 136-314). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley..
-
(1969)
The Handbook of Social Psychology (2nd Ed.)
, pp. 136-314
-
-
McGuire, W.J.1
-
37
-
-
0001588072
-
The myth of a massive media impact: Savagings and salvagings
-
McGuire, W. J. (1986). The myth of a massive media impact: Savagings and salvagings. Public Communication Behavior, 1, 173-257.
-
(1986)
Public Communication Behavior
, vol.1
, pp. 173-257
-
-
McGuire, W.J.1
-
38
-
-
43449128805
-
Election ad battle smashes record in 2004: Group questions the value of costly campaigns to USA
-
November 24
-
Memmott, M., & Drinkard, J. (2004). Election ad battle smashes record in 2004: Group questions the value of costly campaigns to USA. USA Today. November 24.
-
(2004)
USA Today
-
-
Memmott, M.1
Drinkard, J.2
-
39
-
-
0040076599
-
Cognitive responses to negative and comparative political advertising
-
1
-
Meirick, P. (2002). Cognitive responses to negative and comparative political advertising. Journal of Advertising, 31(1), 49-62.
-
(2002)
Journal of Advertising
, vol.31
, pp. 49-62
-
-
Meirick, P.1
-
40
-
-
18944375404
-
When primary campaigns go negative: The determinants of campaign negativity
-
1
-
Peterson, D. A. M., & Djupe, P. A. (2005). When primary campaigns go negative: The determinants of campaign negativity. Political Research Quarterly, 58(1), 45-54.
-
(2005)
Political Research Quarterly
, vol.58
, pp. 45-54
-
-
Peterson, D.A.M.1
Djupe, P.A.2
-
41
-
-
23044526007
-
The effects of party- and PAC-sponsored issue advertising and the potential of inoculation to combat its impact on the democratic process
-
12
-
Pfau, M., Park, D., Holbert, R. L., & Cho, J. (2001). The effects of party- and PAC-sponsored issue advertising and the potential of inoculation to combat its impact on the democratic process. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 2379-2397.
-
(2001)
American Behavioral Scientist
, vol.44
, pp. 2379-2397
-
-
Pfau, M.1
Park, D.2
Holbert, R.L.3
Cho, J.4
-
42
-
-
0036086089
-
Issue-advocacy versus candidate advertising: Effects on candidate preferences and democratic process
-
2
-
Pfau, M., Holbert, R. L., Szabo, E. A., & Kaminski, K. (2002). Issue-advocacy versus candidate advertising: Effects on candidate preferences and democratic process. Journal of Communication, 52(2), 301-315.
-
(2002)
Journal of Communication
, vol.52
, pp. 301-315
-
-
Pfau, M.1
Holbert, R.L.2
Szabo, E.A.3
Kaminski, K.4
-
43
-
-
0346538760
-
The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluations and advertising evaluations: An exploration
-
1
-
Pinkleton, B. E. (1997). The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluations and advertising evaluations: An exploration. Journal of Advertising, 26(1), 19-29.
-
(1997)
Journal of Advertising
, vol.26
, pp. 19-29
-
-
Pinkleton, B.E.1
-
44
-
-
0032272508
-
Effects of print comparative political advertising on political decision-making and participation
-
4
-
Pinkleton, B. E. (1998). Effects of print comparative political advertising on political decision-making and participation. Journal of Communication, 48(4), 24-36.
-
(1998)
Journal of Communication
, vol.48
, pp. 24-36
-
-
Pinkleton, B.E.1
-
45
-
-
5044239062
-
Evaluating measures of campaign advertising exposure on political learning
-
3
-
Ridout, T. N., Shah, D. V., Goldstein, K. M., & Franz, M. M. (2004). Evaluating measures of campaign advertising exposure on political learning. Political Behavior, 26(3), 201-225.
-
(2004)
Political Behavior
, vol.26
, pp. 201-225
-
-
Ridout, T.N.1
Shah, D.V.2
Goldstein, K.M.3
Franz, M.M.4
-
46
-
-
0033622231
-
The influence of negative advertising frames on political cynicism and politician accountability
-
1
-
Schenck-Hamlin, W., & Procter, D. (2000). The influence of negative advertising frames on political cynicism and politician accountability. Human Communication Research, 26(1), 53-75.
-
(2000)
Human Communication Research
, vol.26
, pp. 53-75
-
-
Schenck-Hamlin, W.1
Procter, D.2
-
48
-
-
0033243633
-
The effect of TV ads and candidate appearances on statewide presidential votes, 1988-1996
-
2
-
Shaw, D. R. (1999). The effect of TV ads and candidate appearances on statewide presidential votes, 1988-1996. American Political Science Review, 93(2), 345-361.
-
(1999)
American Political Science Review
, vol.93
, pp. 345-361
-
-
Shaw, D.R.1
-
50
-
-
84963443582
-
Effects of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials
-
4
-
Thorson, E., Christ, W. G., & Caywood, C. (1991). Effects of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35(4), 465-486.
-
(1991)
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
, vol.35
, pp. 465-486
-
-
Thorson, E.1
Christ, W.G.2
Caywood, C.3
-
51
-
-
2642546471
-
The impact of political advertising on knowledge, internet information seeking, and candidate preference
-
2
-
Valentino, N. A., Hutchings, V. L., & Williams, D. (2004). The impact of political advertising on knowledge, internet information seeking, and candidate preference. Journal of Communication, 54(2), 337-354.
-
(2004)
Journal of Communication
, vol.54
, pp. 337-354
-
-
Valentino, N.A.1
Hutchings, V.L.2
Williams, D.3
-
52
-
-
0033475207
-
Negative campaign advertising: Demobilizer or mobilizer?
-
4
-
Wattenberg M. P., & Brians, C. (1999). Negative campaign advertising: demobilizer or mobilizer?. American Political Science Review, 93(4), 891-899.
-
(1999)
American Political Science Review
, vol.93
, pp. 891-899
-
-
Wattenberg, M.P.1
Brians, C.2
-
53
-
-
84971985390
-
Political advertising and news coverage in the 1992 California United States Senate Campaigns
-
4
-
West, D. (1994). Political advertising and news coverage in the 1992 California United States Senate Campaigns. Journal of Politics, 56(4), 1053-1075.
-
(1994)
Journal of Politics
, vol.56
, pp. 1053-1075
-
-
West, D.1
|