The correlation of microtremors: Empirical limits and relations between results in frequency and time domains

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 171, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 657-664

  Chávez García, Francisco J ^a   Rodríguez, Miguel ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Cross correlation; Dispersion curves; Green's function; Microtremors; SPAC; Stationarity

Indexed keywords

CORRELATION; GREEN FUNCTION; MICROTREMOR; RAYLEIGH WAVE; S-WAVE; TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; WAVE DISPERSION; WAVE PROPAGATION; WAVELENGTH;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 35348873129     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03529.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aki, K., 1957. Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves, with special reference to microtremors, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 25, 415-457.
2. Apostolidis, P., Raptakis, D., Roumelioti, Z. & Pitilakis, K., 2004. Determination of S-wave velocity structure using microtremors and SPAC method applied in Thessaloniki (Greece), Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 24, 49-67.
3. Asten, M.W., 1976. The use of microseisms in geophysical exploration, PhD thesis. Macquarie Univ., North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia.
4. Asten, M.W., 1978. Geological control on the three-component spectra of Rayleigh wave microseisms, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 68, 1623-1635.
5. Barker, P. R., 1996. Report on cone penetrometer and seismic cone penetrometer testing at Parkway-Wainuiomata. Barker Consulting, P.O. Box 27-106 Wellington, New Zealand.
6. Baskir, E. & Weller, C.E., 1975. Sourceless reflection seismic exploration, Geophysics, 40, 158-159.
7. Begg, J.C. et al., 1993. A paleoenvironmental study of subsurface Quaternary sediments at Wainuiomata, Wellington, New Zealand, and tectonic implications, N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys., 36, 461-473.
8. Borcherdt, R.D., 1994. Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification), Earthq. Spectra, 10, 617-653.
9. Campillo, M., 2006. Phase and correlation in 'random' seismic fields and the reconstruction of the Green's function, Pure appl. geophys., 163, 475-502.
10. Campillo, M. & Paul, A., 2003. Long range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda, Science, 299, 547-549.
11. Chávez-García, F.J. & Luzón, F., 2005. On the correlation of seismic microtremors, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B11313, doi:.
12. Chávez-García, F.J., Stephenson, W.R. & Rodríguez, M., 1999. Lateral propagation effects observed at Parkway, New Zealand. A case history to compare 1D vs 2D site effects, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 718-732.
13. Chávez-García, F.J., Castillo, J. & Stephenson, W.R., 2002. 3D site effects. A thorough analysis of a high quality dataset, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 1941-1951.
14. Chávez-García, F.J., Rodríguez, M. & Stephenson, W.R., 2004. Site effects and SPAC. Results for three sites in Wainuiomata, Bull. N.Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 37, 101-110.
15. Chávez-García, F.J., Rodríguez, M. & Stephenson, W.R., 2005. An alternative approach to the SPAC analysis of microtremors: Exploiting stationarity of noise, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 95, 277-293.
16. Chávez-García, F.J., Rodríguez, M. & Stephenson, W.R., 2006. Subsoil structure using SPAC measurements along a line, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 96, 729-736.
17. Chouet, B.C., DeLuca, G., Milana, P., Dawson, M., Martin, C. & Scarpa, R., 1998. Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, 653-666.
18. Claerbout, J.F., 1968. Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission response, Geophysics, 33(2), 264-269.
19. Cole, S., 1995. Passive seismic and drill-bit experiments using 2-D arrays, PhD thesis. Standford University.
20. Derode, A., Larose, E., Tanter, M., de Rosny, J., Tourin, A., Campillo, M. & Fink, M., 2003. Recovering the Green's function from field-field correlations in an open scattering medium (L), J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 113, 2973-2976.
21. Dziewonski, A.M., Bloch, S. & Landisman, M., 1969. A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 59, 427-444.
22. Ferrazzini, V., Aki, K. & Chouet, B., 1991. Characteristics of seismic waves composing Hawaiian volcanic tremor and gas-piston events observed by a near-source array, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6199-6209.
23. Goldstein, P., Dodge, D., Firpo, M. & Stan, R., 1998. Electronic seismologist: What's new in sac2000?Enhanced processing and database access, Seismol. Res. Lett., 69, 202-205.
24. Henstridge, D.J., 1979. A signal processing method for circular arrays, Geophysics, 44, 179-184.
25. Horike, M., 1985. Inversion of phase velocity of long-period microtremors to the S-wave-velocity structure down to the basement in urbanized areas, J. Phys. Earth, 33, 59-96.
26. Kagawa, T., 1996. Estimation of velocity structures beneath Mexico City using microtremor array data, in Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Abstract 1179, Soc. Mexicana de Ing. Sismica, Acapulco, Mexico.
27. Lermo, J. & Chávez-García, F.J., 1994. Are microtremors useful in site effect evaluation?, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 1350-1364.
28. Lobkis, O.I. & Weaver, R.L., 2001. On the emergence of the Green's function in the correlations of a diffuse field, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110, 3011-3017.
29. Malcolm, A.E., Scales, J.A. & van Tiggelen, B.A., 2004. Retrieving the Green's function from diffuse, equipartitioned waves, Phys. Rev. E, 70, 015601.
30. Metaxian, J.P., 1994. Etude sismologique et gravimétrique d'un volcan actif: Dynamisme interne et structure de la Caldeira Masaya, Nicaragua, PhD thesis. Universitéde Savoie (in French).
31. Morikawa, H., Toki, K., Sawada, S., Akamatsu, J., Miyakoshi, K., Ejiri, J. & Nakajima, D., 1998. Detection of dispersion curves from microseisms observed at two sites, in The Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Vol. 2, pp. 719-724; Proc. of the 2nd. Intl. Symp. on the effects of surface geology on seismic motion, eds K. Irikura, K. Kudo, H. Okada & T. Sasatani.
32. Nakamura, Y., 1989. A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremors on the ground surface, Q. Rep. Railway Tech. Res. Inst., 30, 25-33.
33. Nikolaev, A.V. & Troitskiy, P.A., 1987. Lithospheric studies based on array analysis of P-coda and microseisms, Tectonophysics, 140, 103-113.
34. Ohori, M., Nobata, A. & Wakamatsu, K., 2002. A comparison of ESAC and FK methods of estimating phase velocity using arbitrarily shaped microtremor arrays, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 2323-2332.
35. Okada, H., 2003. The Microtremor Survey Method, Soc. of Expl. Geophys. of Japan, translated by K. Suto, Geophys. Monograph Series No. 12, Soc. of Expl. Geophys., Tulsa.
36. Paul, A., Campillo, M., Margerin, L. & Larose, E., 2005. Empirical synthesis of time-asymmetrical Green's functions from the correlation of coda waves, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B08302, doi:.
37. Peterson, A., 1993. Observations and modeling of seismic background noise, Open-file report 93-322, U.S. Geological Survey.
38. Rickett, J.E., 2001. Spectral factorization of wavefields and wave operators, PhD thesis. Standford University.
39. Roberts, J.C. & Asten, M.W., 2004. Resolving a velocity inversion at the geotechnical scale using the microtremor (passive seismic) survey method, Explor. Geophys., 35, 14-18.
40. Roux, P., Sabra, K.G., Kuperman, W.A. & Roux, A., 2005. Ambient noise correlations in free space: Theoretical approach, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117, 79-84.
41. Sabra, K.G., Roux, P. & Kuperman, W.A., 2005a. Arrival-time structure of the time-averaged ambient noise cross-correlation function in an oceanic guide, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117, 164-174.
42. Sabra, K.G., Gerstoft, P., Roux, P., Kuperman, W.A. & Fehler, M.C., 2005b. Extracting time-domain Green's function estimates from ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03310, doi:.
43. Sabra, K.G., Roux, P. & Kuperman, W.A., 2005c. Emergence rate of the time-domain Green's function from the ambient noise cross-correlation function, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 118, 3524-3531.
44. Sanchez-Sesma, F.J. & Campillo, M., 2006. Retrieval of the Green's function from cross correlation: The canonical elastic problem, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 96, 1182-1191.
45. Shapiro, N.M. & Campillo, M., 2004. Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07614, doi:.
46. Shapiro, N.M., Campillo, M., Stehly, L. & Ritzwoller, M., 2005. High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science, 307, 1615-1618.
47. Snieder, R., 2004. Extracting the Green's function from the correlation of coda waves: A derivation based on stationary phase, Phys. Rev. E, 69, doi:.
48. Wapenaar, K., 2004. Retrieving the elastodynamic Green's function of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93(25), Article 254301.
49. Weaver, R.L. & Lobkis, O.I., 2001. Ultrasonics without a source: thermal fluctuation correlations at MHz, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87(13), Article 134301.
50. Weaver, R.L. & Lobkis, O.I., 2003. Elastic wave thermal fluctuations, ultrasonic waveforms by correlation of thermal phonons, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 113, 2611-2621.
51. Weaver, R.L. & Lobkis, O.I., 2005a. Fluctuations in diffuse field-field correlations and the emergence of the Green's function in open systems, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117, 3432-3439.
52. Weaver, R.L. & Lobkis, O.I., 2005b. The mean and variance of diffuse field correlations in finite bodies, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 118, 3447-3456.