A psycho-economic model of ecstasy consumption and related consequences: A multi-site study with community samples

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 42, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 1651-1684

  Abdallah, Arbi Ben ^a   Scheier, Lawrence M ^a   Inciardi, James A ^b   Copeland, Jan ^c   Cottler, Linda B ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Decision tree; Ecstasy; Expectancy; MDMA; Psycho economic model; Rational addiction; Structural equation modeling

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; COMMUNITY; DEPRESSION; DRUG ABUSE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RELIABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AUSTRALIA; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MALE; N-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL CLASS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 35348866078     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10826080701208905     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Anderson, J. C., Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103:411-423.
3. Archer, M., Tritter, J. (Eds.). (2000). Rational choice theory. London: Routledge.
4. Bagozzi, R. P., Heatherton, T. F. (1994). A general approach to representing multifaceted personality constructs: Application to state self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling 1:35-67.
5. Baker, T. B., Morse, E., Sherman, J. E. (1987). The motivation to use drugs: A psychobiological analysis of urges. In P. C. Rivers (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Alcohol use and abuse (pp. 232-257). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
6. Becker, G. S. (1962). Irrational behavior and economic theory. The Journal of Political Economy 70:1-13.
7. Becker, G. S. (1990, April). Optimal discounting of the future. Department of Economics, University of Chicago.
8. Becker, G. S. (1993). Nobel lecture: The economic way of looking at behavior. Journal of Political Economy 101:385-409.
9. Becker, G. S., Grossman, M., Murphy, K. M. (1991). Rational addiction and the effect of price on consumption. American Economic Review Paper Proceedings 81:237-241.
10. Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M. (1988). A theory of rational addiction. Journal of Political Economy 96:675-700.
11. Bentler, P. M. (1978). The interdependence of theory, methodology, and empirical data: Causal modeling as an approach to construct validation. In D. B. Kandel (Ed.), Longitudinal research on drug use: Empirical findings and methodological issues (pp. 267-301). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
12. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107:238-246.
13. Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
14. Bentler, P. M., Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin 88:588-606.
15. Bentler, P. M., Dijkstra, T. (1985). Efficient estimation via linearization in structural models. In P. R. Krishnaiah (Ed.), Multivariate analysis VI (pp. 9-42). Amsterdam: North Holland.
16. Bhattachary, S., Powell, J. (2001). Recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or "ecstasy": Evidence for cognitive impairment. Psychological Medicine 31:647-658.
17. Bickel, W. K., DeGrandpre, R. J., Higgins, S. T., Hughes, J. R., Badger, G. (1995). Effects of simulated employment and recreation on cigarette smoking: A behavioral economic analysis. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 3:467-476.
18. Bolles, R. C. (1972). Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning. Psychological Review 79:394-409.
19. Bretteville-Jensen, A., Biørn, E. (2003). Heroin consumption, prices and addiction: Evidence from self-reported panel data. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 105:661-679.
20. Burt, R. S. (1973). Confirmatory factor-analytic structures and theory construction process. Sociological Methods and Research 2:131-187.
21. Burt, R. S. (1976). Interpretational confounding of unobserved variables in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research 5:3-52.
22. Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin 105:456-466.
23. Camerer, C. (1995). Individual decision making. In J. Kage, A. E. Roth (Eds.), Handbook of experimental economics (pp. 587-703). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24. Cameron, S. (2000). Nicotine addiction and cigarette consumption: A psycho-economic model. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 41:211-219.
25. Chaloupka, F. J. (1991). Rational addictive behavior and cigarette smoking. Journal of Political Economics 99:722-742.
26. Chaloupka, F. J., Emery, S., Liang, L. (2003). Evolving models of addictive behavior: From neoclassical to behavioral economics. In R. E. Vuchinick and N. Heather (Eds.), Choice, behavioural economics and addiction (pp. 71-94). Oxford, UK: Elsevier, Ltd.
27. Chou, C. P., Bentler, P. M. (1990). Model modification in covariance structure modeling: A comparison among likelihood ratio, Lagrange multiplier, and Wald tests. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25:115-136.
28. Cohen, R. S. (1998). The love drug - Marching to the beat of ecstasy. New York: Haworth Medical Press.
29. Compton, W. M., Cottler, L. B., Dorsey, K. B., Spitznagel, E. L., Mager, D. E. (1996). Comparing assessments of DSM-IV substance dependence disorders using CIDI-SAM and SCAN. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 41:179-187.
30. Cooper, M. L., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., Mudar, P. (1995). Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69:990-1005.
31. Cooper, M. L., Peirce, R. S., Huselid, R. F. (1994). Substance use and sexual risk taking among Black and White adolescents. Health Psychology 13:251-262.
32. Cottler, L. B. (2000). Computerized SAM. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO.
33. Cottler, L. B., Womack, S. B., Compton, W. M., Ben Abdallah, A. (2001). Ecstasy abuse and dependence among adolescents and young adults: Applicability and reliability of DSM-IV criteria. Human Psychopharmacology 16:599-606.
34. Cox, W. M., Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 97:168-180.
35. DeGrandpre, R. J., Bickel, W. K., Hughes, J. R., Higgins, S. T. (1992). Behavioral economics of drug self-administration: III. A reanalysis of the nicotine regulation hypothesis. Psychopharmacology 108:1-10.
36. Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). 2005 HHS Poverty Guidelines. Federal Register 69:8373-8375. Retrieved from August 30, 2006 http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/05poverty.shtml
37. Edwards, W. (1954). The theory of decision making. Psychological Bulletin 51:380-417.
38. Elster, J. J. (1993). Some unresolved problems in the theory of rational behaviour. Acta Sociologica 36:179-190.
39. Fenn, A. J., Antonovitz, F., Schroeter, J. R. (2001). Cigarettes and addiction information: New evidence in support of the rational addiction model. Economics Letters 72:39-45.
40. Ferguson, B. S. (2000). Interpreting the rational addiction model. Health Economics 9:587-598.
41. Ferguson, B. S. (2006). Economic modeling of the rational consumption of addictive substances. Substance Use & Misuse 41:573-603.
42. Garrison, C. Z., Addy, A., Jackson, K. L., McKeown, R., Waller, J. L. (1991). The CES-D as a screen for depression and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30:636-641.
43. Gerra, G., Zaimovic, A., Ferri, M., Zambelli, U., Timpano, M., Neri, E., Marzocchi, G. F., Delsignore, R., Brambilla, F. (2000). Long-lasting effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) on serotonin system function in humans. Biological Psychiatry 47:127-136.
44. Golding, J. M., Aneshensel, C. S. (1989). Factor structure of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites. Psychological Assessment 1:163-168.
45. Gollob, H. F., Reichardt, C. S. (1987). Taking account of time lags in causal models. Child Development 58:80-92.
46. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., Daumann, J., Tuchtenhagen, F., Pelz, S., Becker, S., Kunert, H. J., Fimm, B., Sass, H. (2000). Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgical Psychiatry 68:719-725.
47. Grapendaal, M. (1992). Cutting their coat according to their cloth: Economic behavior of Amsterdam opiate users. The International Journal of the Addictions 27:487-501.
48. Griffiths, P., Vingoe, L., Jansen, K. (1997). The use of amphetamines, ecstasy and LSD in the European Community: A data synthesis. In The Use of Amphetamines, Ecstasy and LSD in the European Community: A Review of Data on Consumption Patterns and Current Epidemiological Literature. Eds. Griffiths, P. & Vingoe, L. Report prepared for the EMCDDS by the National Addiction Centre, London, UK; 6-28.
49. Grossman, M., Chaloupka, F. J. (1998). The demand for cocaine by young adults: A rational addiction approach. Journal of Health Economics 17:427-474.
50. Grossman, M., Chaloupka, F. J., Anderson, R. (1998). A survey of economic models of addictive behavior. Journal of Drug Issues 28:631-643.
51. Grossman, M., Chaloupka, F. J., Sirtalan, I. (1995). An empirical analysis of alcohol addiction: Results from the monitoring the future panels. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper No. W5200. Cambridge, MA. Available at NBER: http://www.nber.org/papers/w5200
52. Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D., Bentler, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicidal ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology 42:5-21.
53. Horton, J., Compton, W., Cottler, L. B. (2000). Reliability of substance use disorders among African-Americans and Caucasians. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 57:203-209.
54. Hu, L., Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structural equation modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods 3:424-453.
55. International Epidemiological Work Group on Drug Abuse. (1999). Epidemiologic trends in drug abuse. Proceedings (NIH Publication No. 00-4530). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
56. Johnson, R. J., Kaplan, H. B. (1990). Stability of psychological symptoms: Drug use consequences and intervening processes. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 31:277-291.
57. Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E. (2004). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2003. Vol. I: Secondary school students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
58. Justus, A. N., Finn, P. R., Steinmetz, J. E. (2000). The influence of traits of disinhibition on the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Alcoholism 24:1028-1035.
59. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., Tverskey, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60. Labouvie, E. W. (1986). Alcohol and marijuana use in relation to adolescent stress. International Journal of the Addictions 21:333-345.
61. Leamer, E. E. (1978). Specification searches: Ad hoc inference with non-experimental data. New York: John Wiley.
62. Lee, S. Y., Bentler, P. M. (1980). Some asymptotic properties of constrained generalized least squares estimation in covariance structure models. South African Statistical Journal 14:121-136.
63. Legrenzi, P., Girotto, V., Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1993). Focusing in reasoning and decision making. Cognition 49:37-66.
64. Leigh, B. C., Stall, R. (1993). Substance use and risky sexual behavior for exposure to HIV: Issues in methodology. American Psychologist 48:1035-1045.
65. Leigh, B. C., Temple, M. T., Trocki, K. F. (1994). The relationship of alcohol use to sexual activity in a U.S. national sample. Social Science Medicine 39:1527-1535.
66. Lewin, S. B. (1996). Economics and psychology: Lessons for our own day from the early twentieth century. Journal of Economic Literature 34:1293-1323.
67. MacCallum, R. (1986). Specification searches in covariance structure modeling. Psychological Bulletin 100:107-120.
68. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods 1:130-149.
69. MacCallum, R. C., Roznowski, M., Necowitz, L. B. (1992). Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin 111:490-504.
70. MacInnes, N., Handley, S. L., Harding, G. F. (2001). Former chronic methylenedioxymethampetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) users report mild depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychopharmacology 15:181-186.
71. Mann, L. M., Chassin, L., Sher, K. J. (1987). Alcohol expectancies and the risk for alcoholism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55:411-417.
72. Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behaviour. New York: Guilford.
73. Morgan, M. J., McFie, L., Fleetwood, L. H., Robinson, J. A. (2002). Ecstasy (MDMA): Are the psychological problems associated with its use reversed by prolonged abstinence? Psychopharmacology 159:294-303.
74. Murphy, S. T., Monahan, J. L., Miller, L. C. (1998). Inference under the influence: The impact of alcohol and inhibition conflict on women's sexual decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24:517-528.
75. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1993). Risk behavior assessment (3rd ed.). Rockville: Author.
76. Orphanides, A., Zervos, D. (1995). Rational addiction with learning and regret. Journal of Political Economy 103:739-758.
77. Pacula, R. L., Grossman, M., Chaloupka, F. J., O'Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Farrelly, M. C. (2000). Marijuana and youth. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper Series, No. W7703. Cambridge, MA. Available at NBER: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7703
78. Parrott, A. C., Buchanan, T., Scholey, A. B., Heffernan, T., Ling, J., Rodgers, J. (2002). Ecstasy/MDMA attributed problems reported by novice, moderate and heavy recreational users. Human Psychopharmacology 17:309-312.
79. Parrott, A. C., Lasky, J. (1998). Ecstasy (MDMA) effects upon mood and cognition: Before, during, and after a Saturday night dance. Psychopharmacology 139:261-268.
80. Peroutka, S. J., Newman, H., Harris, H. (1988). Subjective effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in recreational users. Neuropsychopharmacology 1:273-277.
81. Rabin, M. (2002). A perspective on psychology and economics. European Economic Review 46:657-685.
82. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1:385-401.
83. Rodgers, J. (2000). Cognitive performance amongst recreational users of "ecstasy." Psychopharmacology 151:19-24.
84. Rogeberg, O. (2003). Preferences, rationality and welfare in Becker's extended utility approach. Rationality and Society 37:283-323.
85. Roiser, J. P., Sahakian, B. J. (2004). Relationship between ecstasy use and depression: A study controlling for poly-drug use. Psychopharmacology 173:411-417.
86. Saffer, H., Chaloupka, F. (1999). The demand for illicit drugs. Economic Inquiry 37:401-411.
87. Schafer, J., Blanchard, L., Fals-Stewart, W. (1994). Drug use and risky sexual behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 8:3-7.
88. Shedler, J., Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist 45:612-630.
89. Silverman, L. P., Spruill, N. L. (1977). Urban crime and the price for heroin. Journal of Urban Economics 4:80-103.
90. Silvia, E. S. M., MacCallum, R. C. (1988). Some factors affecting the success of specification searches in covariance structure modeling. Multivariate Behavioral Research 23:297-326.
91. Smith, G. T. (1994). Psychological expectancy as mediator of vulnerability to alcoholism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 708:165-171.
92. Solowij, N., Hall, W., Lee, N. (1992) Recreational MDMA use in Sydney: A profile of 'ecstasy' users and their experiences with the drug. British Journal of Addiction 87:1161-1172.
93. Stacy, A. W., Widaman, K. F., Marlatt, G. A. (1990). Expectancy models of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58:918-928.
94. Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25:173-180.
95. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2003). Emergency department trends from Drug Abuse Warning Network, Final estimated 1995-2002 (DHHS Publication No. SMA 03-3780, DAWN Series D-24). SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. Rockville, MD. Retrieved August 30, 2006, from: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/DAWN2k2/EDfinal2k2.pdf
96. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). Results from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-25, DHHS Publication No. SMA 04-3964). SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. Rockville, MD. Retrieved August 30, 2006, from: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda/2k3nsduh/2k3Results.htm
97. Suranovic, S. M., Goldfarb, R. S., Leonard, T. C. (1999). An economic theory of cigarette addiction. Journal of Health Economics 18:1-29.
98. Tapert, S. F., Aarons, G. A., Sedlar, G. R., Brown, S. A. (2001). Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health 28:181-189.
99. Topp, L., Hall, W., Hando, J. (1997). Is there a dependence syndrome for ecstasy? (Tech. Report 51). NDARC Publications: Sydney.
100. Waters, T. M., Sloan, F. A. (1995). Why do people drink? Tests of the rational addiction model. Applied Economics 27:727-736.
101. Werts, C. F., Linn, R. L., Jöreskog, K. G. (1974). Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions. Educational and Psychological Measurement 34:25-33.
102. Yacoubian, G. S., Peters, R. J. (2007). An exploration of recent club drug use among rave attendees. Journal of Drug Education 37:145-161.
103. Zafirovski, M. (2003). Human rational behavior and economic rationality. Electronic Journal of Sociology, 2 Retrieved from August 30, 2006 http://www.sociology.org/content/vol7.2/02_zafirovski.html