Ethical problems with the mental health evaluation standards of care for adult gender variant prospective patients

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 491-505

  Hale, C Jacob ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHICS; EVALUATION; GENDER DYSPHORIA; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMAN; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; MORALITY; PATIENT CARE; POLITICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SEX ROLE; SOCIOECONOMICS; STANDARD;

EID: 35348827399     PISSN: 00315982     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2007.0047     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. American Urological Association (AUA). 1996. Vasectomy as a population control mechanism, revised, http://www.auanet.org/aboutaua/policy_statements/ services.cfm.
2. Anderson, B. F. 1997. Ethical implications for psychotherapy with individuals seeking gender reassignment. In Transgender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information and personal accounts, ed. G. E. Israel and D. E.Tarver II, 185-89. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
3. Beam, C. 2007. Transparent: Love, family, and living the T with transgender teenagers. Orlando: Harcourt.
4. Beauchamp, T. L., and J. F. Childress. 2001. Principles of biomedical ethics, 5th ed. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
5. Bettcher, T. M. 2006a. Appearance, reality and gender deception: Reflections on transphobic violence and the politics of pretence. In Violence, victims, and justifications, ed. F. Ó. Murchadha, 174-200. New York: Peter Lang Press.
6. Bettcher, T. M. 2006b. Understanding transphobia: Authenticity and sexual violence. In Trans/Forming feminisms: Transfeminist voices speak out, ed. K. Scott-Dixon, 203-10.Toronto: Sumach Press.
7. Bettcher, T. M. 2007. Evil deceivers and make-believers: On transphobic violence and the politics of illusion. Hypatia 22(3):43-65.
8. Bockting, W., et al. 2004. Patient satisfaction with transgender health services. J Sex Marital Ther 30:277-94.
9. Buchanan, A. E., and D. W. Brock. 1989. Deciding for others: The ethics of surrogate decision making. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
10. Bullough, B., V. L. Bullough, and J. Elias. 1997. Standards of care: Introduction. In Gender blending, ed. B. Bullough, V. L. Bullough, and J. Elias, 317-19. New York: Prometheus Books.
11. Butler, J. 2004. Undiagnosing gender. In Undoing gender, 75-101. New York: Routledge.
12. Cromwell, J. 1999. Transtnen and FTMs: Identities, bodies, genders, and sexualities. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.
13. Denny, D., and J. Roberts. 1997. Results of a questionnaire on the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. In Gender blending, ed. B. Bullough, V. L. Bullough, and J. Elias, 320-36. New York: Prometheus Books.
14. Feinberg, L. 2001. Going public:Trans health crisis: For us its life or death. Am J Public Health 91(6):897-900.
15. Green, R. 1999. Reflections on "Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment" 1969-1999: Presidential address. XVI Harry Benjamin Internal Gender Dysphoria Association Symposium. http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ greenpresidental/green00.htm.
16. Grisso, T., and P. S. Appelbaum. 1998. Assessing competence to consent to treatment: A guide for physicians and other health professionals. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
17. Hale, C. J. 1998. Consuming the living, dis(re)membering the dead in the butch/ftm borderlands. GLQ 4(2):311-48.
18. Hill, T. E., Jr. 1991. Autonomy and self-respect. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
19. Kuiper, A. J., and P. T. Cohen-Kettenis. 1998. Gender role reversal among postoperative transsexuals. Int J Transgenderism 2(3). http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ijtc0502.htm.
20. Lawrence, A. A. 2003. Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-feniale sex reassignment surgery. Arch Sex Behav 32(4):299-315.
21. Lombardi, E. 2001. Enhancing transgender health care. Am J Public Health 91(6):869-72.
22. Lombardi, E. L., and G. van Servellan. 2000. Building culturally sensitive substance use prevention and treatment programs for transgendered populations. J Subst Abuse Treat 19(3):291-96.
23. Meyer, W., et al. 2001. The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association's standards of care for gender identity disorders, sixth version. Int J Transgenderism 5(1). http://www.symposion.com/ijt/soc_2001/index. htm.
24. Nangeroni, N. R. 1997. SRS tomorrow:The physical continuum. In Gender blending, ed. B. Bullough, V. L. Bullough, and J. Elias, 344-51. New York: Prometheus Books.
25. Nelson, J. L. 1998. The silence of the bioethicists: Ethical and political aspects of managing gender dysphoria. GLQ 4(2):213-30.
26. Pfafflin, F. 1997. Revision of the Harry Benjamin Standards of Care in progress. In Gender blending, ed. B. Bullough, V. L. Bullough, and J. Elias, 337-43. New York: Prometheus Books.
27. Pfafflin, F., and A. Junge. 1998. Sex reassignment: Thirty years of international follow-up studies after SRS: A comprehensive review, 1961-1991. Dusseldorf: Symposium Publishing.
28. Pollack, R. 1997.What is to be done? A commentary on the recommended guildelines. In Transgender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information and personal accounts, ed. G. E. Israel and D. E.Tarver II, 229-35. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
29. Rachlin, K. 2001. Psychological preparation for gender transition. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, 109th Annual Convention, San Francisco, August.
30. Rachlin, K. 2002. Transgender individuals' experiences of psychotherapy, Int J Transgender 6(1). http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ijto06no01_03.htm.
31. Spade, D. 2006. Undermining gender regulation. In Nobody passes: Rejecting the rules of gender and conformity, ed. M. B. Sycamore, 64-70. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.
32. Stoller, R. J. 1978.The indications are unclear. In Controversy in psychiatry, ed. J. P. Brady and H. K. H. Brodie, 846-55. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
33. Stryker, S. 1994. My words to Victor Frankenstein above the village of Chamounix: Performing transgender rage. GLQ 1(3):237-54.
34. Stryker, S. 1997. Over and out in academe: Transgender studies come of age. In Trans-gender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information and personal accounts, ed. G. E. Israel and D. E. Tarver II, 241-44. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
35. Vitale, A. 1997. The therapist versus the client: How the conflict started and some thoughts on how to resolve it. In Transgender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information and personal accounts, ed. G. E. Israel and D. E.Tarver II, 251-55. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press.
36. Walker, P.A., et al. 1985. Standards of care: The hormonal and surgical sex reassignment of gender dysphoric patients. Arch Sex Behav 14(1):79-90.
37. Wilchins, R. A. 1997. Read my lips: Sexual subversion and the end of gender. Ithaca, NY: Fire-brand Books.
38. Wilson, E. W. 1996. Sterilization. Baillière's Clin Obstet Gynaecol 10(2):103-17.
39. World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). 2007. Mission statement. http://www.wpath.org/about_mission.cfm.